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  • 1
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    Earth-atmosphere system and surface reflectivities in arid regions from Landsat MSS data (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Previously developed programs for computing atmospheric transmission and scattering of the solar radiation are used to compute the ratios of the earth-atmosphere system (space) directional reflectivities in the nadir direction to the surface Lambertian reflectivity, for the four bands of the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS). These ratios are presented as graphs for two water vapor levels, as a function of the surface reflectivity, for various sun elevation angles. Space directional reflectivities in the vertical direction are reported for selected arid regions in Asia, Africa, and Central America from the spectral radiance levels measured by the Landsat MSS. From these space reflectivities, surface reflectivities are computed applying the pertinent graphs. These surface reflectivities are used to estimate the surface albedo for the entire solar spectrum. The estimated albedos are in the range 0.34-0.52, higher than the values reported by most previous researchers from space measurements, but are consistent with laboratory and in situ measurements.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment; 5; 4, 19; 1976
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Thermographic mosaic of Yellowstone National Park (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: An uncontrolled aerial thermographic mosaic of Yellowstone National Park was assembled from the videotape record of 13 individual thermographs obtained with linescan radiometers. Post mission processing of the videotape record rectified the nadir line to a topographic map base, corrected for v/h variations in adjacent flight lanes, corrected for yaw and pitch distortions, and distortions produced by nonlinearity of the side-wise scan. One of the purposes of the thermographic study was to delineate the areas of thermal emission (hot springs, geysers, etc.) throughout the Park, a study which could have great value in reconnaissance surveys of geothermal areas in remote regions or regions of high relief.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 42; Oct. 197
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Satellite measurement of mass of Sahara dust in the atmosphere (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Landsat 1 measurements of nadir radiance are used to obtain the mass of particulates in a vertical column of dust from the Sahara Desert. A radiative transfer model, constructed with knowledge of a few values of optical parameters measured from a ship, is developed to account for the measured radiance values. Measurement and model accuracies are discussed. It is found that the mass of particulates with smaller than a 10 micron radius in a vertical column is 1.6 g/sq m.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Applied Optics; 15; Oct. 197
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Earth observations from remote-sensing platforms - Outlook (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Observations of the earth from remote-sensing platforms are discussed noting the NASA Earth Resources Aircraft Program, Earth Resources Technology Satellite program, and the Earth Resources Experiments Package. Techniques for geological mapping are described including automatic mapping, visual interpretation, band selection, radar, band combination, and image enhancement.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    The effect of the atmosphere on the classification of satellite observations to identify surface features (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The effect of differences in atmospheric turbidity on the classification of Landsat 1 observations of a rural scene is presented. The observations are classified by an unsupervised clustering technique. These clusters serve as a training set for use of a maximum-likelihood algorithm. The measured radiances in each of the four spectral bands are then changed by amounts measured by Landsat 1. These changes can be associated with a decrease in atmospheric turbidity by a factor of 1.3. The classification of 22% of the pixels changes as a result of the modification. The modified observations are then reclassified as an independent set. Only 3% of the pixels have a different classification than the unmodified set. Hence, if classification errors of rural areas are not to exceed 15%, a new training set has to be developed whenever the difference in turbidity between the training and test sets reaches unity.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment; 6; 3, 19; 1977
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Accuracy assessment: The statistical approach to performance evaluation in LACIE (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: A statistical methodology was developed to check the accuracy of the products of the experimental operations throughout crop growth and to determine whether the procedures are adequate to accomplish the desired accuracy and reliability goals. It has allowed the identification and isolation of key problems in wheat area yield estimation, some of which have been corrected and some of which remain to be resolved. The major unresolved problem in accuracy assessment is that of precisely estimating the bias of the LACIE production estimator. Topics covered include: (1) evaluation techniques; (2) variance and bias estimation for the wheat production estimate; (3) the 90/90 evaluation; (4) comparison of the LACIE estimate with reference standards; and (5) first and second order error source investigations.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Proc. of Tech. Sessions, Vol. 1 and 2; p 115-130
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Large area aggregation and mean-squared prediction error estimation for LACIE yield and production forecasts (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: Aggregation formulas are given for production estimation of a crop type for a zone, a region, and a country, and methods for estimating yield prediction errors for the three areas are described. A procedure is included for obtaining a combined yield prediction and its mean-squared error estimate for a mixed wheat pseudozone.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Proc. of Tech. Sessions, Vol. 1 and 2; p 67-71
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    LACIE large area acreage estimation (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: A sample wheat acreage for a large area is obtained by multiplying its small grains acreage estimate as computed by the classification and mensuration subsystem by the best available ratio of wheat to small grains acreages obtained from historical data. In the United States, as in other countries with detailed historical data, an additional level of aggregation was required because sample allocation was made at the substratum level. The essential features of the estimation procedure for LACIE countries are included along with procedures for estimating wheat acreage in the United States.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Proc. of Tech. Sessions, Vol. 1 and 2; p 57-65
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    LACIE sampling design (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: The sampling design in LACIE consisted of two major components, one for wheat acreage estimation and one for wheat yield prediction. The acreage design was basically a classical survey for which the sampling unit was a 5- by 6-nautical mile segment; however, there were complications caused by measurement errors and loss of data. Yield was predicted by sampling meteorological data from weather stations within a region and then using those data as input to previously fitted regression equations. Wheat production was not estimated directly, but was computed by multiplying yield and acreage estimates. The allocation of samples to countries is discussed as well as the allocation and selection of segments in strata/substrata.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Proc. of Tech. Sessions, Vol. 1 and 2; p 47-52
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Sampling, aggregation, and variance estimation for area, yield, and production in LACIE (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-08
    Description: An approximately 2% sampling error was achieved in LACIE by sampling only approximately 2% of the sampling frame. The sample design in the yardstick region for which historical data were available down to a substratum level to support missing data resulting from cloud cover provided the most accurate estimate possible. The implemented strategy provided data of sufficient quality and quantity to support required performance levels and also to satisfy the existing constraints. The allocation scheme appeared to provide the most efficient usage of the available data and gave segment coverage of major producing areas and thus improved the probability of an accurate estimate.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Proc. of Tech. Sessions, Vol. 1 and 2; p 3-18
    Format: text
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