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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (67)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (15)
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  • 1975-1979  (84)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 82-89 
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Identification of hydrazine monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs such as isoniazid, iproniazid, nialamide, isocarboxazid and iproclozide is made by electron impact mass spectrometry using the direct insertion technique. The molecular ion itself, although of low relative abundance, is found in the mass spectra of all compounds studied. Relative intensities of the major fragments and data on metastable ions useful in the identification of these compounds are reported. With the aid of synthesized structurally related products, deuterium labelling of exchangeable hydrazidic and hydrazinic protons and by the use of hexadeuterated isopropylic analogues, detailed information about fragmentation patterns is obtained. Splitting processes are chiefly governed by the nature of the aromatic substituent at the hydrazidic end and the alkyl sidechain located at the second hydrazinic nitrogen. The major fragmentations occurring are loss of small neutral molecules, double rearrangement, cleavage of the N—N bond, amide bond rupture, β-cleavage to the hydrazinic nitrogen atom and McLafferty rearrangements.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C n.m.r. chemical shifts of a number of 1,1-disubstituted ethylenes are presented. Moreover, effects of changing temperatures on the 13C n.m.r. chemical shifts of some of these compounds as well as of three normal alkanes are given. These variations in chemical shifts are attributed to varying amounts of sterically induced shifts in the different conformational equilibria. In addition to the well-known 1,4 interaction between two alkyl groups shielding effects on the carbon atoms of the connecting bonds are also proposed. No definite explanation of this effect is presented at this time. It is further shown that no simple correlations exist between 13C n.m.r. chemical shifts and calculated total charge densities at this level. Instead, the experimental results in 1-alkenes are rationalized by assuming a linear dependence of the 13C n.m.r. chemical shifts of C-1 and C-2 via rehybridizations on changes in bond angles for small skeletal deformations caused by steric interactions. These changes in geometries, as well as conformational energies in three 1-alkenes, were calculated by means of VFF calculations. Finally. upfield shifts for both C-2 and C-4 are proposed for those conformations of 1-alkenes in which the C-3—C-4 group interacts with the pz-orbital of C-2.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 7 (1975), S. 415-417 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C NMR spectra of the most important hop bitter substances are analysed. All individual carbon atoms are assigned, except the oxygen bonded sp2 carbon atoms. Most assignments are made partly by comparison with analogous compounds and partly by reference to literature data. Cross-correlations with the 1H NMR shifts are made for two main products and confirm the correctness of the assignments. All data are in agreement with the known structures.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 11 (1978), S. 316-318 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The γ-effects of sulphur on 13C NMR chemical shifts have been measured in a series of steroidal compounds containing the thiophene ring in different configurations with respect to the rest of the molecule. The data constitute the first example of downfield effects exerted by sulphur on both gauche and antiperiplanar γ-carbons. The γ-gauche effect of sulphur amounts to 1.6-1.8 ppm, the γ-antiperiplanar effect from practically zero to almost 1 ppm.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1978-05-05
    Description: (S)-9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)adenine, a novel nucleoside analog, the sugar moiety of which is replaced by an aliphatic chain, inhibits the replication in vitro of several DNA and RNA viruses, including vaccinia, herpes simplex (types 1 and 2), measles, and vesicular stomatitis. It is also effective in vivo in reducing the mortality rate of mice inoculated intranasally with vesicular stomatitis virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Clercq, E -- Descamps, J -- De Somer, P -- Holy, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 5;200(4341):UNKNOWN.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/205946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Antiviral Agents ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral/drug effects ; Female ; Measles virus/drug effects ; Mice ; Simplexvirus/drug effects ; Vaccinia virus/drug effects ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/drug effects ; Virus Replication/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 3771-3779 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Condensed Isoquinolines, XI. Imidazo[5,1-α]isoquinolinesSyntheses of imidazo[5,1-a]isoquinolines (14), starting from 1-isoquinolinecarbonitrile (2), are described. Preparations of the parent compound or of derivatives with substituents in 3-position are carried out via 1-(aminomethyl)isoquinoline (3), whereas derivatives with substituents in 1-position or in 1- and 3-positions are prepared via 1-acylisoquinolines (1). 3-Oxo-2,3-dihydro derivatives (17) are formed by heating 1 with ammonium formate.
    Notes: Synthesen von Imidazo[5,1-a]isochinolinen (14), ausgehend von 1-Isochinolincarbonitril (2), werden beschrieben. Die Darstellung der Stammverbindung oder von Derivaten mit Substituenten in 3-Stellung erfolgt über 1-(Aminomethyl)isochinolin (3). während in 1-Stellung substituierte oder in 1,3-Stellung disubstituierte Derivate über 1-Acylisochinoline (1) bereitet werden. 3-Oxo-2,3-dihydro-Derivate (17) entstehen beim Erhitzen von 1 mit Ammoniumformiat.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 2758-2764 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Gold Complexes of Diphosphinomethanes, III. AuII Compounds by Means of Oxidative Addition of HalogenOxidative addition of halogen to the 1:2 complexes of bis(diphenylphosphino)methane and -propane with AuCl (1a, 5) leads to products which are formulated partly as AuI/AuIII compounds (2a, b), but partly also as true AuII derivatives (6a, b). The addition of iodine to the AuI complex yields an adduct of the type 4. For the characterisation of the largely insoluble materials, infrared, Mössbauer, and ESCA spectroscopy have been employed.
    Notes: Durch oxidative Addition von Halogen an 1:2-Komplexe von Bis(diphenylphosphino)methan und -propan mit AuCl (1a, 5) entstehen Produkte, die teilweise als AuI/AuIII-Verbindungen (2a, b), teilweise aber auch als echte AuII-Derivate zu formulieren sind (6a, b). Die Anlagerung von Iod an den AuI-Komplex liefert nur ein Addukt vom Typ 4. Zur Charakterisierung der fast ausnahmslos unlöslichen Substanzen wurden die Infrarot-, Mössbauer-und ESCA-Spektroskopie herangezogen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 2545-2560 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Modern Flow Reactor for Kinetic Measurements of Gasphase Thermal Rearrangements: Thermolysis Kinetics of Some New Small Ring CompoundsAn apparatus with a laminar flow reactor is introduced, which serves for kinetic measurements in the gas phase using rather small amounts (5-10mg) of compounds. Test runs for the well studied vinylcyclopropane rearrangement and the retro-Diels-Alder reaction of dicyclopentadiene demonstrate the reliability of the results thus obtained.  -  The thermolytic rearrangements of the following compounds were studied with this device: diademane (1), dispiro[2.0.2.4]deca-7,9-diene (3) including the formation of o-ethylstyrene (4) and tetrahydronaphthalene 5, 3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-1,5-hexadiene (6), 1,4-bis(cyclopropylidene)butane (8), dispiro[cyclopropane-1,2′-bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane-3′,1″-cyclopropane] (10), 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.0]hexane (11) and 2,2-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.0]hexane-3-spirocyclopropane (12). All these reactions followed first order rate laws with the following Arrhenius relationships: ln(k1) = 33.6 - 31600/RT, ln(k3) = 34.2 - 35500/RT, ln(k4) = 33.6 - 35100/RT, ln(k5) = 33.6 - 36000/RT, ln(k6) = 29.1 - 33300/RT, ln(k8) = 22.0 - 26200/RT, ln(k10) = 32.0 - 35200/RT, ln(k11) = 32.0 - 40900/RT, ln(k12) = 32.3 - 39400/RT. The kinetic isotope effects of 1.4 and 1.1 (at 175°C) for the formation of 4 and 5 respectively and the difference Ea4 - Ea5 ≈ 0.1-0.9 kcal/mol strongly favor a mechanism, by which 3 rearranges via a 1,6-diradical to yield 4 and 5 by intramolecular disproportionation and recombination, respectively.
    Notes: Für kinetische Messungen in der Gasphase wird eine Apparatur mit laminarem Strömungsreaktor vorgestellt, die mit sehr geringen Substanzmengen (5-10mg) auskommt. Testmessungen an der eingehend untersuchten Vinylcyclopropanumlagerung und der Retro-Diels-Alder-Reaktion des Dicyclopentadiens beweisen die Verläßlichkeit der gewonnenen Daten.  -  Mit der Apparatur wurden die Thermolysen von Diademan (1), Dispiro[2.0.2.4]deca-7,9-dien (3) einschließlich Bildung von o-Ethylstyrol (4) und Tetrahydronaphthalin (5), 3,3,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,5-hexadien (6), 1,4-Bis(cyclopropyliden)butan (8), Dispiro[cyclopropan-1,2′-bicyclo[2.2.0]hexan-3′,1″-cyclopropan] (10), 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.0]hexan (11) und 2,2-Dimethylbicyclo[2.2.0]-hexan-3-spirocyclopropan (12) untersucht. Alle Reaktionen verlaufen nach Zeitgesetzen erster Ordnung und ergeben die folgenden Arrhenius-Beziehungen: ln(k1) = 33.6 - 31600/RT, ln(k3) = 34.2 - 35500/RT, ln(k4) = 33.6 - 35100/RT, ln(k5) = 33.6 - 3600/RT, ln(k6) = 29.1 - 33300/RT, ln(k8) = 22.0 - 26200/RT, ln(k10) = 32.0 - 35200/RT, ln(k11) = 32.0 - 40900/RT, ln(k12) = 32.3 - 39400/RT. Die kinetischen Isotopieeffekte von 1.4 und 1.1 bei der Bildung von 4 bzw. 5 (gemessen bei 175°C) und die gefundene Differenz Ea4 - Ea5 ≈ 0.1-0.9 kcal/mol sprechen für einen Umlagerungsmechanismus von 3 über ein 1,6-Diradikal, das intramolekular disproportioniert und rekombiniert zu 4, bzw. 5.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Homoconjugation in Triquinacene and 2a,4a,8a,8b-Tetrahydrocyclopent[cd]azulene. Photoelectronspectroscopic InvestigationsThe photoelectron spectra of dihydrotriquinacene (3) and 2a,4a,8a,8b-tetrahydrocyclopent[cd]-azulene (4) have been investigated. The resonance integral which is a measure for the homoconjugation between the isolated double bonds in 3 and 4 was found to be β′ 〉 -0.35 eV. The interaction integral between the a “ orbital of the butadiene moiety and the a” linear combination of the isolated double bonds in 4 can not be determined by means of photoelectron spectroscopy.
    Notes: Die Photoelektronenspektren von Dihydrotriquinacen (3) und 2a,4a,8a,8b-Tetrahydrocyclopent-[cd]azulen (4) wurden untersucht. Das Wechselwirkungsintegral, das die Homokonjugation zwischen den isolierten Doppelbindungen in 3 und 4 beschreibt, beträgt β′ 〉 -0.35 eV. Das Wechselwirkungsintegral zwischen dem a “-Orbital des Butadienteils und der a”-Kombination der isolierten Doppelbindungen in 4 läßt sich mit Hilfe der Photoelektronenspektroskopie nicht bestimmen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 2561-2573 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis, Chemical Properties and Thermal Rearrangement of Spiro[3,4]octa-5,7-dieneThe synthesis of spiro[3.4]octa-5,7-diene (2) was achieved along two routes starting from spiro-[3.4]octan-5-one (5). In both cases the last step was a dehydrohalogenation of the halospiro-[3.4]octenes 8b/9b and 11, respectively, which had to be carried out at room temperature, because 2 dimerizes about as fast as cyclopentadiene. It also underwent addition of maleic anhydride and 2-chloroacryloyl chloride to yield 13 and 14a respectively. 14a could be degraded to the bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-5-on-7-spirocyclobutane (15a), which served as a precursor to the hydrocarbon 17. Above 90°C 2 isomerizes to a mixture of bicyclo[3.3.0]octadienes 18a and 18b. This reaction followed a first order kinetics in the gas phase with the Arrhenius equation ln(k) = 31.7 - 29200/RT. These kinetic parameters are interpreted in terms of a sigmatropic [1,5]-alkyl shift.
    Notes: Die Synthese von Spiro[3.4]octa-5,7-dien (2) gelingt ausgehend von Spiro[3.4]octan-5-on (5) auf zwei Wegen. Bei beiden wird in der letzten Stufe eine Dehydrohalogenierung eines Halogenspiro[3.4]octens 8b/9b bzw. 11 bei Raumtemperatur vorgenommen, weil 2 bei höheren Temperaturen ähnlich schnell dimerisiert wie 1,3-Cyclopentadien. Ebenso addiert es leicht Maleinsäureanhydrid und 2-Chloracryloylchlorid zu 13 bzw. 14a. 14a läßt sich zum Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-5-on-7-spirocyclobutan (15a) abbauen, aus dem der Kohlenwasserstoff 17 zugänglich ist. Oberhalb von 90°C isomerisiert 2 zu einem Gemisch der Bicyclo[3.3.0]octadiene 18a und 18b. Die Kinetik dieser Reaktion in der Gasphase zeigt einen Verlauf erster Ordnung und folgt dem Arrhenius-Ansatz ln(k) = 31.7 - 29200/RT. Daraus ist für den Mechanismus auf eine konzertierte [1,5]-Alkylverschiebung zu schließen.
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