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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (14)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (3)
  • CYBERNETICS  (1)
  • Astrophysics
  • 1975-1979  (18)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyanhydride-imides (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 55 (1976), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Acht Imid-dicarbonsäuren wurden aus Trimellitsäureanhydrid, Pyromellitsäureanhydrid und verschiedenen aliphatischen Aminocarbonsäuren (HOOC—(CH2)n—NH2, n = 1,2,3,5) synthetisiert.Die entsprechenden Copolyimid-anhydride wurden nach den üblichen Methoden in Anwesenheit von Essigsäureanhydrid hergestellt1,2.Die Copolyimide haben eine aliphatisch-aromatische Struktur; ihre Eigenschaften wurden in Abhängigkeit der Struktur untersucht und durch IR-Spektren, Elementaranalyse und viskosimetrische Messungen charakterisiert. Löslichkeit, Hydrolysierbarkeit und Wärmestabilität wurden bestimmt.
    Notes: Eight imide-diacids were synthesized from trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride and aminoacids of the formula HOOC—(CH2)n—NH2, with n = 1,2,3,5. From them, polyanhydride-imides were obtained following a general method of formation of polyanhydrides in the presence of acetic anhydride1,2.These co-polyimides have an aliphatic-aromatic structure and the relation between the general properties and the amount of the aliphatic part in the repeat unit was studied. IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and viscosity measurements were used for the characterization. Studies of solubility, hydrolysis resistance and thermal properties were also made.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1976.050550107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of PVC stabilization with epoxides using dynamic pH determinations (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 1777-1785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The activation energy (Ea) for the dehydrochlorination of PVC and PVC stabilized with an epoxide was determined by a method involving dynamic pH measurements. The Ea increase was 5 kcal/mole between unformulated PVC (Ea = 22.6 kcal/mole) and any of the other formulations (Ea = 27.7-28.6 kcal/mole). On the basis of this and data contained in the literature, research alternatives for the stabilization mechanism are proposed using model compounds.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240801
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the Polarization Resistance Method to the Study of Lead Corrosion in Sulphuric Acid (1975)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 26 (1975), S. 758-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anwendung der Polarisationswiderstands-methode zur Untersuchung der Korrosion von Blei in SchwefelsäureDie Geschwindigkeit der Korrosion und ihre zeitliche Entwicklung wurden an Bleilegierungen in konzentrierter heißer Schwefelsäure mittels Polarisationswiderstandsmessungen untersucht. Bei den Legierungen mit Fähigkeit zu Selbstpassivierung und Aufrechterhaltung des passiven Zustandes unter den Versuchsbedingungen ist es möglich. aufgrund der elektrochemischen Meßwerte genaue Angaben über die zu erwartende Korrosion zu machen. Andererseits gibt es spezifische Probleme bei den Bleilegierungen, deren Korrosionspotential alterierend zwischen Aktiv- und Passivzustand wechselt. Trotzdem ist es bei gewissen Modifizierungen der Methode moglich, die Polarisations-widerstandsmessung auch unter diesen Bedingungen einzusetzen, wobei natürlich die Genauigkeit geringer ist als im Falle der Legierungen mit stabiler Passivität. Aufgrund der Versuchsergebnisse definieren die Autoren verschiedene Mechanismen für die Korrosion der Bleilegierungen in Schwefelsäure.
    Notes: The corrosion rates and their evolution with time of lead alloys in hot-concentrated sulphuric acid have been evaluated through polarization resistance measurements. For the case of alloys capable of being self-passivated and of retaining the passive state under the exposure conditions, accurate corrosion rates can be predicted from the electrochemical data. On the other hand, some special problems are associated with the application of the polarization method to lead alloys with exhibit alternating changes of corrosion potential between an active and a passive state. Nevertheless, the method, with some slight modifications, continues to be effective for determining corrosion rates although to a lesser degree of accuracy than with stable alloys. On the basis of the results obtained, the different mechanisms of lead alloy corrosion in sulphuric acid are outlined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19750261003
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation der Pb-Ca-Legierungen in flüssigem Zustand (1978)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 815-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation of PbCa alloys in the liquid stateThe effect of various temperatures, the composition of the alloy and the corroding atmosphere is studied with a thermobalance during the oxidation of molten PbCa alloys. The rate controlling step of the oxidation depends on the test conditions. The results obtained at 700°C are in agreement with data found in literature and according to which the oxidation increases with the Ca content; in this range calcium is subject to preferential oxidation. At 600°C and temperatures below that the addition of calcium does not only not increase oxidation but may give rise to a decrease.
    Notes: Mit einer Thermowaage wird die Wirkung verschiedener Temperaturen, der Zusammensetzung der Legierung und der Zusammensetzung der angreifenden Atmosphäre bei der Oxidation geschmolzener Pb-Ca-Legierungen untersucht. Der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt der Oxidation hängt von den Versuchsbedingungen ab. Bei 700°C bestätigen die bei der vorliegenden Untersuchung erhaltenen Ergebnisse die Literaturangaben, wonach die Oxidation bei zunehmendem Ca-Gehalt ansteigt; dabei wird das Calcium vorzugsweise oxidiert. Dagegen wird bei 600°C und darunter die Oxidation durch Zusatz von Calcium nicht nur nicht verstärkt, sondern sogar verringert.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19780291206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the instantaneous rate of atmospheric corrosion (1978)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 456-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bestimmung der momentanen Geschwindigkeit der atmosphärischen KorrosionEs wurde versucht, die Anwendbarkeit der Methode von Stern (Polarisationswiderstand) zur Ermittlung der momentanen atmosphärischen Korrosion zu bestimmen. Die bisher ausgeführten Untersuchungen zeigen gute Übereinstimmung zwischen den elektrochemisch ermittelten Daten über den Einfluß verschiedener Korrosionsfaktoren und der tatsächlichen Wirkung dieser Faktoren auf den Angriff von Metallen bei Bewitterung.
    Notes: An attempt has been made to determine the applicability of Stern's (or polarisation resistance) method for obtaining a reliable evaluation of the instantaneous rate of atmospheric corrosion.The tests carried out so far have revealed a good agreement between electrochemically obtained information on the influence of various corrosion factors and their real effect on the attack of metals when exposed to the atmosphere.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19780290705
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative measurements of corrosion rate of reinforcing steels embedded in concrete using polarization resistance measurements (1978)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 515-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Quantitative Messung der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit von Bewehrungsstahl in Beton mit Hilfe der PolarisationswiderstandsmessungAlle bisherigen Methoden zur Bestimmung der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit von Bewehrungsstahl in gehärtetem Beton waren destruktiv und erforderten beträchtlichen Zeit- und Materialaufwand, wodurch eine umfassende Untersuchung dieser Korrosionserscheinungen erklärt wurde. Bei Verwendung der Polarisationswiderstandsmethode wurde an in gehärtetem Beton eingebetteten Stangen, wobei die Proben in gesättigter Calciumhydroxidlösung gelagert wurden, eine annehmbare Übereinstimmung zwischen den gravimetrisch und elektrochemisch ermittelten Gewichtsverlusten gefunden.
    Notes: Up to this time all the methods to measure the corrosion rate of reinforcing steels embedded in hardened concrete have been of the destructive type, which requires much time and materials and makes the full scale study of the phenomenon difficult. The authors have applied the polarization resistance method to bars embedded in hardened mortar and immersed in Ca(OH)2-saturated solution, and have found an acceptable agreement between the gravimetric and the electrochemical weight loss data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19780290804
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of thermal degradation of semi-stiff macromolecules II. Poly-N-vinyl-carbazolPresented at the International Symposium on Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers held in Brussels (Belgium), 11-13 September, 1974. (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 43 (1975), S. 105-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der thermische Abbau von Poly-N-vinyl-carbazol (PVK) wurde mittels „flash“-Pyrolyse, kontrollierter Pyrolyse und dynamisch-thermogravimetrischer Analyse untersucht. Die Analyse der Abbauprodukte erfolgte über Gas-Flüssig-Chromatographie sowie Massenspektrometrie als Trennungs- und Identifizierungsverfahren. Das untersuchte PVK wurde durch radikalische Polymerisation in Benzol mit AIBN als Katalysator dargestellt.Aus den Versuchsergebnissen ergibt sich, daß PVK fast vollkommen über einen stufenweisen „unzipping“ Mechanismus in das Monomere zerfällt. Die Zusammensetzung der Pyrolysate ermöglicht eine Formulierung des Abbaumechanismus des Polymeren. Mit Hilfe des Verfahrens der multiplen Aufheizgeschwindigkeiten wurde die Kinetik des thermischen Abbaus untersucht. Die Bruttoaktivierungsenergie der Depolymerisation wurde zu 40 kcal/mol gemessen und für die Reaktionsordnung wurde ungefähŕ 1 gefunden.Es werden einige thermodynamische Betrachtungen aufgeführt, um den Wert der Aktivierungsenergie des gesamten Prozesses zu erklären. Es wird ein Mechanismus vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: The thermal degradation of poly-N-vinyl-carbazol (PVK) has been studied using flash pyrolysis, controlled pyrolysis and programmed thermogravimetry analysis techniques. The degradation products have been analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry as separation and characterization techniques. The examined PVK has been prepared by free radical polymerization in benzene using AIBN as catalyst.It is shown from experimental results that PVK breaks up almost completely into the monomer through a stepwise unzipping mechanism. The composition of the pyrolyzate allows to propose a mechanism for the polymer degradation. Thermal degradation rates have been analyzed using a multiple heating rates procedure. A value of 40 kcal/mol has been found for the overall activation energy of depolymerization and a value approximately equal to one for the order of reaction.Some thermodynamic considerations have been made in order to explain the value of the activation energy of the whole process. A mechanism is suggested.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1975.050430108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic mass spectrometric computer analysis of volatile components in blood plasma from hemodialysis patients (1975)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1975), S. 142-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low molecular weight volatile organics extracted from the plasma of patients before and after hemodialysis were analyzed by high resolution capillary gas chomatographic mass spectrometric computer methods. The volatile components were collected on a polyphenyl ether solid adsorbent prior to analysis. Identification of components was achieved by mass spectrometry. Quantitaive changes were observed in both the plasma and dialysate composition with time. The method described provides a new means whereby the 100 or so low molecular weight organic volatiles of plasma can be monitored during the dialysis procedure.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200020308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autographic impact testing with increased efficiency and accuracy (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 2717-2730 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The objective of this work was to test modifications of an autographic impact device which would make autographic impact testing more suitable for routine work. Autographic impact devices allow the force transmitted to a specimen during impact to be recorded and displayed; thus, a detailed analysis of the impact process is possible. In addition to the measurement of the breaking energy, information on the load at which yielding begins and how the impact energy is absorbed by the specimen during impact can be obtained. Through the use of autographic impact devices, the impact resistance of plastics during an impact test has been shown to be composed of three basic areas of contribution: (1) an elastic deformation stage, (2) a plastic deformation stage, and (3) a tearing stage. The autographic method is not practical for routine evaluations because of the excessive time and effort necessary to set up, calibrate, and interpret each test. The following modifications of the autographic device were made to improve the efficiency of the method: (1) improved triggering technique, (2) improved calibration procedure, (3) elimination of the preloading force, and (4) a computer program to analyze the data much more efficiently. It is expected that these modifications will allow autographic tests to be performed efficiently.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070191007
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an autographic falling-weight impact system (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 1389-1404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The objective of this project was to develop a system that would allow the determination of the energy absorbed during fracture in a falling-weight impact test. Equipment was developed which would allow the force exerted by the impact tup on the specimen to be determined during the test. Using this information and the equations developed, it was possible to convert force-versus-time traces on an oscilloscope to energy absorbed. Tests were conducted to compare the autographic method with the normal falling-weight method. The system was shown to give results which are similar to results from normal falling-weight impact tests, but requires much fewer specimens. Tests can be made and results can be obtained on small sample sizes, since results are obtained for each specimen tested. Also, a more representative value of falling-weight impact strength can be determined in cases where there are mixed failure modes. The autographic system may be used in those instances where there are limitations of material, and with further use it may eventually replace the normal falling-weight impact determination.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200520
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