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  • 1
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    Time-dependence of sea-ice concentration and multiyear ice fraction in the Arctic Basin (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Microwave images of sea ice obtained by Nimbus-5 and the NASA CV-990 airborne laboratory are used to determine the time variation of the sea-ice concentration and multiyear ice fraction within the pack ice in the Arctic Basin. The images, constructed from data acquired from the electrically scanned microwave radiometer, are analyzed for four seasons during 1973-1975. Observations indicate significant variations in the sea-ice concentration in the spring, late fall, and early winter. Sea-ice concentrations as low as 50% were detected in large areas in the interior of the Arctic polar sea-ice pack. The applicability of passive-microwave remote sensing for monitoring the time dependence of sea-ice concentration is considered.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
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  • 2
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    Microwave remote sensing of sea ice in the AIDJEX Main Experiment (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A microwave remote sensing program of sea ice in the Beaufort Sea was conducted during the Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (AIDJEX). Several types of both passive and active sensors were used to perform surface and aircraft measurements during all seasons of the year. In situ observations were made of physical properties (salinity, temperature, density, surface roughness), dielectric properties, and passive microwave measurements were made of first-year, multiyear, and first-year/multiyear mixtures. Airborne passive microwave measurements were performed with the electronically scanning microwave radiometer while airborne active microwave measurements were performed by synthetic aperture radar, X- and L-band radar, and a scatterometer.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
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  • 3
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    Mapping of sea ice and measurement of its drift using aircraft synthetic aperture radar images (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Side-looking radar images of Arctic sea ice were obtained as part of the Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment. Repetitive coverages of a test site in the Arctic were used to measure sea ice drift, employing single images and blocks of overlapping radar image strips; the images were used in conjunction with data from the aircraft inertial navigation and altimeter. Also, independently measured, accurate positions of a number of ground control points were available. Initial tests of the method were carried out with repeated coverages of a land area on the Alaska coast (Prudhoe). Absolute accuracies achieved were essentially limited by the accuracy of the inertial navigation data. Errors of drift measurements were found to be about + or - 2.5 km. Relative accuracy is higher; its limits are set by the radar image geometry and the definition of identical features in sequential images. The drift of adjacent ice features with respect to one another could be determined with errors of less than + or - 0.2 km.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; Apr. 20
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  • 4
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    Change in the high-energy radiation from the Crab (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: On 1973 July 23, the Cornell gamma-ray telescope had a second exposure to the Crab Nebula and pulsar via balloon flight from Palestine, Texas. On the previous flight, 1971 October 6, the signal from the pulsar had been unmistakably clear, especially at the highest energies (above 800 MeV), and an unpulsed component of similar average power had also been discernible. On the second flight, despite higher altitude, longer exposure, and improved electronics, the pulsed signal was barely detectable and the dc component not observable at all. The drop in intensity seems to increase with energy, being only a factor of 2 at 200 MeV but an order of magnitude at 1 GeV. There is some indication (not compelling) that the gamma-ray flux may have changed even within the 6-hour exposure. The first flight may have viewed the Crab in a state of enhanced high-energy emission correlated with the glitches that occurred on 1971 August 1 and October 25.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 197; Apr. 15
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  • 5
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    Pulsar fluctuation spectra and the generalized drifting-subpulse phenomenon. II (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Pulsar observations at meter wavelengths have been analyzed to investigate pulse-to-pulse variations and to identify regions of the pulse profile which display distinct statistical properties. Fluctuation spectra of eight recently discovered pulsars are presented along with a description of the drifting-subpulse phenomenon in several objects with quasiperiodic responses in their fluctuation spectra. A quantitative analysis of the drifting-subpulse phenomenon in PSR 0031-07 and PSR 0809+74 is given which emphasizes the broad-band nature of the phenomenon. A summary of the memory exhibited by pulsars with time scales of about 50 periods is given.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 197; Apr. 15
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  • 6
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    On the relation between the midinfrared and radio continuum flux density of galactic and extragalactic H II regions (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 83; Dec. 197
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  • 7
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    Far-infrared observations of W51 with high spatial resolution (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations of the core of W51 have been made from the NASA C-141 Airborne Infrared Observatory at 55 microns with 17-, 35-, and 85-arc sec apertures and at 100 microns with a 35-arc sec aperture. These observations suggest the presence of a small less than about 20 arc sec source at 55 microns surrounded by a much broader diffuse background. In the center of the source the optical depth at 55 and 100 microns is on the order of 0.1-0.2.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 196; Feb. 15
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  • 8
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    Far-infrared emission from compact sources in NGC 2264 and the Rosette Nebula (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The paper reports the discovery of far-IR emission at 53, 100, and 175 microns from two sources (one in NGC 2264 and another near the Rosette Nebula) associated with molecular clouds but not with any detectable radio continuum emission. The maximum source diameters are estimated to be 20 arcsec, and the spectra of both objects are shown to be broader than that of a 'typical' H II region. It is found that both objects are unresolved at all the IR wavelengths observed, have relatively wide IR spectra, are located at or near the apices of fan-shaped cometary nebulae, have colors between 50 and 200 microns that are among the coolest of any observed far-IR sources, and have luminosities that are an order of magnitude less than the weakest sources observed near compact H II regions. A cylindrically symmetric source model is considered in which a 'hole' in the dust distribution around the central source provides the visible luminosity of the nearby nebula and the dust temperature decreases rapidly with distance. It is suggested that the central sources are probably pre-main-sequence stellar objects with masses of 5 to 10 solar masses and luminosities of a few thousand suns.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 215
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  • 9
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    Infrared observations of NGC 2071/IRS/ and AFGL 490 - Two low-luminosity young stars (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Infrared observations are presented of two compact sources associated with molecular clouds. Photometry from 2 to 200 microns of the source associated with an OH maser in NGC 2071, OH 205.1-14.1, shows a steep increase in flux from 2 to 50 microns. Scans at several wavelengths fail to resolve the source. Photometry at 50-200 microns of the other object, GL 490, when combined with earlier 2-20-micron spectrophotometry, shows an infrared energy distribution that is much broader than that of the NGC 2071 source. Both sources are interpreted as young, possibly pre-main-sequence objects with differences in energy distributions due principally to differences in the distribution of circumstellar matter.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 229
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  • 10
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    High-angular-resolution far-infrared observations of the Rho Ophiuchi dark cloud (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 228
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