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  • Articles  (87)
  • Chemical Engineering  (61)
  • 32  (13)
  • Cells, Cultured  (13)
  • Physical Chemistry
  • 1975-1979  (87)
  • Physics  (87)
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  • Articles  (87)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The operating characteristics of twin screw extruders (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 660-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The operation of a twin screw extruder processing a powder or granular solid is reviewed. The operating variables of screw speed and barrel temperature profile interact with a number of design parameters -  screw design, die geometry, feed zone geometry and with the material properties, in determining machine performance. The factors that determine output and pressure development are specified in a sequence of block diagrams. The dynamic response of an operating machine to disturbances in the steady state conditions is explained in the light of the established relationships and interpreted in conventional control theory terms. Attention is drawn to the importance of mixing in the chambers formed by the screw channels and of the residence time distribution in determining the quality of the final product.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760180810
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of lamellar lengths within a spherulite (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 299-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: One of the problems to be considered in the application of the Halpin-Kardos theory to crystalline polymers is the relation of the crystal length to the only related and measurable parameter, spherulite size. The number average crystal length has been computed for various two and three dimensional models for the crystallization process assuming heterogeneous nucleation. It was found that high values of crystallinity are consistent only with lamellae that are stacked in a parallel fashion. For these systems the number average lamellar length is 0.55 of the spherulite radius. Lower crystallinity polymers have an average lamellar length 0.3 to 0.5 of the spherulite radius, the actual value being determined by the radius. For spherulites of radius 1μm or greater, the size of the primary nucleus has no noticeable influence on the average lamellar length.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760180411
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hardness testing of plastics (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 869-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of time of indentation and time of recovery on the Rockwell hardness, of a series of glassy and crystalline polymers has been determined. An analytical technique, based on conventional viscoelastic approaches, has been developed. This technique permits the resolution of the hardness number into its components of permanent deformation, retarded elastic compression, and retarded elastic recovery. Subtraction of components due to retarded elastic response results in hardness numbers dependent only the time-dependent permanent deformation. Extrapolation of this data to zero time results in an absolute or time-independent value of Rockwell hardness, designated Ro.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760181108
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  • 4
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    Inosine may be an endogenous ligand for benzodiazepine receptors on cultured spinal neurons (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: Mouse spinal neurons grown in tissue culture were used to study the membrane effects of the benzodiazepine flurazepam and the naturally occurring purine nucleoside inosine, which competes for benzodiazepine receptor sites in the central nervous system. Application of inosine elicited two types of transmitter-like membrane effects: a rapidly desensitizing excitatory response and a nondesensitizing inhibitory response. Flurazepam produced a similar excitatory response which showed cross-desensitization with the purine excitation. Flurazepam also blocked the inhibitory inosine response. The results provide electrophysiological evidence that an endogenous purine can activate two different conductances on spinal neurons and that flurazepam can activate one of the conductances and antagonize the other.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacDonald, J F -- Barker, J L -- Paul, S M -- Marangos, P J -- Skolnick, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):715-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Conductivity ; Flurazepam/antagonists & inhibitors ; Inosine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Mice ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring photoionization cross-sections of excited atomic states (1976)
    Springer
    Applied physics 9 (1976), S. 335-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new method of photoionization cross-section measurement based on the observation of saturation in the ion yield as a function of radiation intensity has been proposed. The photoionization cross-sections for the 62P1/2 and 62P3/2 levels of Rb atoms of the fundamental and second harmonics of ruby laser radiation are measured, with a tunable pulsed dye laser used for excitation. The following values of cross-sections are obtained: (1.7±0.4)·10−17 cm2 and (1.5±0.4)·10−17 cm2 for the levels 62P3/2 and 62P1/2, respectively, ionized by radiation of v2=14403 cm−1, and (1.9±0.5)·10−17 cm2 for the 62P3/2 level ionized by v2=28806 cm−1 radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900460
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The resonance of two-photon absorption in separated optical fields (1976)
    Springer
    Applied physics 11 (1976), S. 201-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A beam of molecules interacting with two space-separated light standing waves of light is considered. It is shown that a resonance of two-photon absorption is predicted. The width of the resonance is equal to the reciprocal of the time of flight between the waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00920607
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-photon resonant parametric generation in alkali metal vapours (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two-photon resonant four-wave mixing has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Tunable infrared radiation between 2 and 20 μm has been generated in potassium and caesium vapours. The mixing efficiency is found to be severely limited by competition with Raman scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882475
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Narrow resonances of two-photon absorption of super-narrow pulses in a gas (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 12 (1977), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A scheme to generate oppositely travelling super-narrow pulses is proposed. These resonant peaks are produced when the sum of frequencies of two synchronized modes coincides with the transition frequency. Their widths are not determined by the pulse duration but rather by the homogeneous width of the two-photon transition. The resonance intensity turns out to be the same as that at the single-frequency condition with the same power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900075
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power resonances in a Raman gas laser (1976)
    Springer
    Applied physics 11 (1976), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.60 ; 32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The observation of a new type of resonance due to double-quantum transitions in the standing-wave field of a Raman gas laser is reported. A resonance dip with a width equal to that of the optically forbidden transition was experimentally detected in the output-vs-timing curve of a Raman Ne laser (λ=1.15 m) upon pumping by radiation of a He−Ne laser at 1.52 m. The theory presented shows that the resonance arises in the third order of perturbation theory when in resonant SRS the line is inhomogeneously broadened. The resonance can be considered as resulting from the overlap of dips in the velocity distribution of the nonlinear polarization induced by the standing laser wave.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00895019
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic investigation of sparks produced by short laser pulses in He (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52 ; 32
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The spatial and temporal development of the temperature and the electron density of a spark produced in He at 10 atm in the focus of a lens by a mode-locked laser pulse having only 1.5 mJ energy have been investigated. Measuring the absolute intensity of the continuum radiation emitted by the spark and the broadening of a Heii-line it can be concluded that local thermodynamic equilibrium has established 15 ns after the initiation of the plasma. At this time a temperature of 65000 K and a maximum electron density of 1.4·1019 cm−3 was found with a pressure of 20 times the initial gas pressure. These values are in agreement with the values required for an expansion model given in an earlier work basing on a radiation mechanism which explains the stepwise growth of a laser spark under the influence of a train of mode-locked pulses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882470
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