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  • 1980-1984  (57)
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  • 1
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    Force-sensitive interneurons in the spinal cord of the cat (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-13
    Description: The input-output properties of interneurons mediating spinal reflexes were investigated by extracellularly recording the response of interneurons to excitation from muscle receptors in the ankle extensor muscles of decerebrated, spinal cats. A population ofinterneurons in the intermediate region ofthe spinal cord is potently excited by increases in muscle force. Unlike the discharge of Golgi tendon organs, which accurately encodes moment-to-moment variations in the force of a single muscle, the discharge of these interneurons depends in a dynamic and usually nonlinear way on the force in several muscles. Powerful input from unidentified mechanoreceptors in muscle, presumably free nerve endings, is at least partly responsible for these properties. These force-sensitive interneurons are more likely to mediate clasp knife-type inhibition than simple negative force feedback.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cleland, C L -- Rymer, W Z -- Edwards, F R -- 5T32GM07350/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS14959/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 13;217(4560):652-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Evoked Potentials ; Golgi-Mazzoni Corpuscles/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/*physiology ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/innervation ; *Proprioception ; Reflex, Stretch ; Spinal Cord/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Isolation of chlorine-containing antibiotic from the freshwater cyanobacterium Scytonema hofmanni (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-22
    Description: Scytonema hofmanni, a filamentous freshwater cyanobacterium (blue-green alga), produces secondary metabolites which inhibit the growth of other cyanobacteria and green algae. A rapid, qualitative assay for this inhibition has been developed with Synechococcus as the test organism. This assay procedure has led to the isolation and characterization of an antibiotic (named cyanobacterin) from Scytonema. The antibiotic has a molecular weight of 430 and an empirical formula of C23H23O6Cl and contains a gamma-lactone and a chlorinated aromatic nucleus. It inhibits the growth of various algae but has limited effect on nonphotosynthetic bacteria or protozoans and thus may have potential use as a specific algicide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mason, C P -- Edwards, K R -- Carlson, R E -- Pignatello, J -- Gleason, F K -- Wood, J M -- AM-18101/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 22;215(4531):400-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6800032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives/*isolation & purification ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Cyanobacteria/*analysis/drug effects ; Furans/*isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE CROSS-HOLE MAGNETOMETRIC RESISTIVITY (MMR) RESPONSE OF A DISC CONDUCTOR (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 32 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The cross-hole variant of the magnetometric resistivity (MMR) method requires two bore holes in the vicinity of a conductive target. In the first, two fixed current electrodes are located, one above the other. They are linked to a low frequency current source by cables, the whole system forming a vertical current bipole. In the second, a sensitive coil measures the axial magnetic field as a function of depth. For a uniform earth, if both holes are vertical, the measured component vanishes by symmetry. However, the presence of a local conductor channels the current and causes an anomalous magnetic component which is interpreted to indicate the position, shape and relative conductance of the target.Mineral deposits are often lamellar in form. The conductive disc is the simplest bounded lamella for which MMR responses may be computed. It is excited by a single current source on its axis. The second source and the surface of the earth are assumed to be far away, a valid assumption for down-hole measurements.The numerical method introduces a new integral equation describing the interaction of current dipoles located in the plane of the disc. The equation is solved analytically for a disc of infinite radius, a layer, and the result is compared with a corresponding known boundary value solution.The computed radial current in the disc and the magnetic field generated by it are described in terms of a current channelling number. The magnitude of the computed field is of the order of one nanoTesla for a typical mining problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1984.tb00749.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of spring closing date on the yield and quality of perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot cut for conservation (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 38 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This second paper concerned with effects of prolonged spring defoliations on two early perennial ryegrass varieties (Cropper and RvP Hay Pasture), an intermediate perennial ryegrass (Talbot) and an early cocksfoot (Roskilde) examines the effects of different closing dates on ear emergence, weekly DOMD (in vitro) and conservation yields. The grasses were mown fortnightly to simulate sheep grazing from January until three closing dates, 19 April, 3 May or 17 May, in 1978 and 1979. A set of plots was left undefoliated. All plots were sampled weekly from 2 or 3 weeks after 17 May until the end of June or early July.Prolonged mowing resulted in a small delaying effect on 50% ear emergence of the ryegrasses. The maximum delay was 3 d with the latest closing date. Under this treatment, ear emergence of the cocksfoot was delayed by an average of 12 d but by only 0–4 d under the earlier closing dates. Delay in date of closing caused a significant delay in the time to reach a given DOMD but the effect was largely confined to the latest closing date and was greatest for the cocksfoot. The time when 670 g kg−1 DOMD was reached was delayed in the ryegrasses by no more than 5 d, except for a 12-d delay in the intermediate ryegrass in 1978 following the late closing date. Under this treatment the delay for the cocksfoot was 8 d in both years. The early ryegrasses produced stemmy regrowths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1983.tb01647.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of spring grazing on the yield and quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) cut for conservation (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 35 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two early perennial ryegrass varieties (Cropper and RvP Hay Pasture), an intermediate perennial ryegrass (Talbot) and an early cocksfoot (Roskilde) were grazed fortnightly by sheep, mown to simulate grazing or left undefoliated from January to May. The effects of spring management on ear emergence, D-value (in vitro) and conservation yields were assessed in each of the 2 years 1976 and 1977. Grazing and mowing had a similar effect on date of first (5%) and 50% ear emergence of the ryegrass varieties; the effect was an average delay of 2 d in both stages of growth over the 2 years. Defoliations significantly (P〈0·001) delayed the fall in D-value with no significant differences between grazing and mowing in the ryegrass varieties, nor in cocksfoot in 1977. The occurrence of a D-value of 67 was delayed by between 3 and 8 d for the ryegrasses and 9 and 11 d for the cocksfoot. The early ryegrasses produced stemmy regrowths and fell to 67 D-value about 4 weeks after the final defoliations in 1976 and after 5–6 weeks in 1977. The fall in D-value took 7–14 d longer in the intermediate ryegrass. Yields were significantly (P 〈 0·001) reduced by grazing and mowing, particularly in 1976. The DM yield reductions in mid June averaged 25% for the ryegrasses and 41% for the cocksfoot.The results indicate that either first or 50% ear emergence may be used to indicate times when a D-value of 67 will be reached in grazed or ungrazed swards but further work is required to determine the effect of weather conditions on the accuracy of this prediction. An early fall in D-value of early perennials after spring grazing, and a marked reduction in yield of cocksfoot, suggests that these grasses should be used sparingly where spring grazing of fields set aside for conservation is a feature of the farming system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1980.tb01527.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The macroinvertebrate fauna of the drainage channels of the Gwent Levels, South Wales (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 13 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. From a survey of the fauna at sixty sites in permanent drainage channels of the Gwent Levels during the spring of 1976 and at some of these sites (thirty-three) during the autumn, speeies and site associations were identified using classification and ordination techniques. Sites in some groups had identifiahly similar environmental characteristics and grouping seemed particularly related to the vegetational stage in the hydrosere, water How and the incidence of salt contamination from the Severn Estuary. Characteristics which were common within particular species groups and whieh, in part, explained their distributions were: adaptation to low oxygen concentrations, food preferences and dispersal mechanisms.Whilst there was some temporal stability in site groups between the spring and autumn surveys, such associations were not idenlical. The oxygen status of channels appeared a major factor determining faunal distribution.Twelve sites, representing a range of channel types, were sampled six times in a 12-month period. Far more species were colleeled within the water column and on plants than in the benthos. Several oligochaetes, e.g. Aulodrilus pluriseta, Dero digitata, Limnodrilus claparedeanus, were not recorded at most sites during the summer probably because of the SUStained lack of oxygen at these sites.Three contiguous reaches of channel were maintained during the period March—October 1977 with different plant cover (no Lemnu; complete Lemna cover: control with partial Lemna cover). The oxygen status of the reaches was different, that with complete Lemna cover being continuously anaerobic near the channel bed for several months, the control reach which had partial Lemna cover being anaerobic for a shorter period and that with no Lemna being only anaerobic at night. Whilst the distribution of macroinvertebrate species was prineipally related to this oxygen status, the control reach whieh was strueturally the most complex, having both submerged and floating plants, contained about twiee as many species as the other reaches during the summer (colleeted in the water column and on plants): benthic samples in this and the reach with complete Lemna cover contained only between zero and two species during the period May- September.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1983.tb00672.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna and substratum composition in riffles and pools in the impounded River Elan and the unregulated River Wye, mid-Wales (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 12 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. The macro-invertebrate fauna and substrate were studied in a riffle and pool from a regulated (Elan) and an unregulated (Wye) river in summer. There were some differences in the substrate particle size distribution of the two rivers and between the riffle and the pool on the Wye. There was more detritus in pools than in riffles in both rivers and generally more in the Elan than the Wye. Deposits on the bed of the Elan were rich in iron and manganese.On the Wye. there was a greater density of invertebrates in the riffle than in the pool, but species richness was similar. Most species showed some preferences for either the riffle or the pool. The riffle contained a substantial number of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera and Simuliidae (52%) whilst the pool was dominated by chironomids (71%). Compared with the Wye, total invertebrate density and species richness were reduced in the Elan. Some species characteristic of riffles were reduced or absent on the Elan. Invertebrate density on the Elan was similar in the riffle and pool; species richness was greater in the riffle. The distribution and abundance of invertebrates is discussed in relation to such environmental factors as water velocity through the substrate and dissolved oxygen supply in interstitial habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1982.tb00650.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An erythrophoroma in ornamental carp, Cyprinus carpio L. (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 4 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1981.tb01133.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Duchenne muscular dystrophy on muscle protein synthesis (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 296 (1982), S. 165-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We studied seven normal fed adult men aged 22-65 yr and five boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, aged 12-1 Syr. Three of the patients were wheelchair bound and the two youngest were on the verge of becoming so. Investigations of these subjects using radioactive isotopes would not have been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/296165a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal Plasma Carbonic Anhydrase III and Creatine Kinase in Duchenne Dystrophy (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 429 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb12399.x
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