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  • 1980-1984  (16)
  • 1
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    How a new instrument affects pilot's mental workload (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Display evaluation has generally been performed using reaction time experiments or subjective evaluations to determine which display is better suited for a particular application. A new testing procedure combined with two analysis techniques of scanning behavior have been used to evaluate two alternative display designs in a realistic setting. Tests were conducted in the Langley Research Center's General Aviation Simulator. The results indicated that a new bargraph type of vertical speed indicator located between the attitude indicator and the altimeter is looked at more quickly, appears to lower cognitive workload slightly, and was preferred over a conventional vertical speed indicator.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
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  • 2
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    Visual scanning behavior and pilot workload (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper describes an experimental paradigm and a set of results which demonstrate a relationship between the level of performance on a skilled man-machine control task, the skill of the operator, the level of mental difficulty induced by an additional task imposed on the basic control task, and visual scanning performance. During a constant, simulated piloting task, visual scanning of instruments was found to vary with the difficulty of a verbal mental loading task. The average dwell time of each fixation on the pilot's primary instrument increased with the estimated skill level of the pilots, with novices being affected by the loading task much more than experts. The results suggest that visual scanning of instruments in a controlled task may be an indicator of both workload and skill.
    Keywords: BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
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  • 3
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    Effects of foveal information processing (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The scanning behavior of pilots must be understood so that cockpit displays can be assembled which will provide the most information accurately and quickly to the pilot. The results of seven years of collecting and analyzing pilot scanning data are summarized. The data indicate that pilot scanning behavior is: (1) subsconscious; (2) situation dependent; and (3) can be disrupted if pilots are forced to make conscious decisions. Testing techniques and scanning analysis techniques have been developed that are sensitive to pilot workload.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA. Dryden Flight Research Center Peripheral Vision Horizon Display (PVHD); p 81-88
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    How a pilot looks at altitude (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Commerical pilot eye scanning data previously collected were reanalyzed to evaluate how pilot used the drum pointer altimeter. The results of these tests showed that the pilots seldom used the drum window apparently because it was difficult to read as indicated by average drum window dwell times of .6 seconds. It is suggested that pilot scanning data be collected for other type of altimeters in order to find those with good scanning characteristics.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: The 1980 Aircraft Safety and Operating Probl., Pt. 1; p 237-248
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Effects of digital altimetry on pilot workload (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A series of VOR-DME instrument landing approaches was flown in the DC-9 full-workload simulator to compare pilot performance, scan behavior, and workload when using a computer-drum-pointer altimeter (CDPA) and a digital altimeter (DA). Six pilots executed two sets of instrument landing approaches, with a CDPA on one set and a DA on the other set. Pilot scanning parameters, flight performance, and subjective opinion data were evaluated. It is found that the processes of gathering information from the CDPA and the DA are different. The DA requires a higher mental workload than the CDPA for a VOR-DME type landing approach. Mental processing of altitude information after transitioning back to the attitude indicator is more evident with the DA than with the CDPA.
    Keywords: BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
    Type: SAE PAPER 841489
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Visual scanning behavior and mental workload in aircraft pilots (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This paper describes an experimental paradigm and a set of preliminary results which demonstrate a relationship between the level of performance on a skilled man-machine control task, the skill of the operator, the level of mental difficulty induced by an additional task imposed on the basic control task, and visual scanning performance. During a constant, simulated piloting task, visual scanning of instruments was found to vary as a function of the level of difficulty of a verbal loading task. The average dwell time of each fixation on the pilot's primary instrument increased as a function of the loading. The scanning behavior was also a function of the estimated skill level of the pilots, with novices being affected by the loading task much more than experts. The results suggest that visual scanning of instruments in a controlled task may be an indicator of both workload and skill.
    Keywords: BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
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  • 7
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    FMP study of pilot workload. Qualification of workload via instrument scan (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Various methods of measuring a pilot's mental workload are discussed. Scanning the various flight instruments with good scan pattern and other verbal tasks during instrument landings is given special attention for measuring pilot workload.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-169254 , NAS 1.26:169254
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Quantification of pilot workload via instrument scan (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The use of visual scanning behavior as an indicator of pilot workload is described. The relationship between level of performance on a constant piloting task under simulated IFR conditions, the skill of the pilot the level of mental workload induced by an additional verbal task imposed on the basic control task, and visual scanning behavior is investigated. An increase in fixation dwell times, especially on the primary instrument with increased mental loading is indicated. Skilled subjects 'stared' less under increased loading than did novice pilots. Sequences of instrument fixations were also examined. The percentage occurrence of the subject's most used sequences decreased with increased task difficulty for novice subjects but not for highly skilled subjects. Entropy rate (bits/sec) of the sequence of fixations was also used to quantify the scan pattern. It consistently decreased for most subjects as the four loading levels used increased.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA-CR-169238 , NAS 1.26:169238
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Effects of curved approach paths and advanced displays on pilot scan patterns (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effect on pilot scan behavior of both advanced cockpit and advanced manuevers was assessed. A series of straight-in and curved landing approaches were performed in the Terminal Configured Vehicle (TCV) simulator. Two comparisons of pilot scan behavior were made: (1) pilot scan behavior for straight-in approaches compared with scan behavior previously obtained in a conventionally equipped simulator, and (2) pilot scan behavior for straight-in approaches compared with scan behavior for curved approaches. The results indicate very similar scanning patterns during the straight-in approaches in the conventional and advanced cockpits. However, for the curved approaches pilot attention shifted to the electronic horizontal situation display (moving map), and a new eye scan path appeared between the map and the airspeed indicator. The very high dwell percentage and dwell times on the electronic displays in the TCV simulator during the final portions of the approaches suggest that the electronic attitude direction indicator was well designed for these landing approaches.
    Keywords: BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TP-1846 , L-14229
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Summary of NASA Langley's pilot scan behavior research (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The present investigation is concerned with the information acquired in a series of basic studies designed to obtain an understanding of the pilot's scanning behavior. In the studies, use was made of an oculometer system which operates by shining a beam of collimated infrared light at the subject's eyes. A number of oculometer software modifications have been made to make the oculometer user-friendly and versatile. Scanning is found to be a subconscious conditioned activity. The conditioned activity of scanning is different for each pilot. There are also slight variations between test runs for the same conditions for the same pilot. This indicates that scanning is situation dependent. Attention is given to the rate of information transfer, the possibility that scanning can be disrupted, the visual approach look-point, and workload sensitive measures.
    Keywords: BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
    Type: SAE PAPER 831424
    Format: text
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