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  • 11
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    Frequency of Fast, Narrow Gamma-ray Bursts and Burst Classification (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: Evidence from the Vela satellites that very brief, approximately 0.1 s, gamma-ray bursts constitute a class distinct from the longer, highly structured bursts has been strengthened by the results of the Venera 11 and 12 KKONUS experiments. The Goodard ISEE-3 gamma-ray burst spectrometer, utilizing a trigger criterion which is more likely to be independent of duration than previous experiments, detected a sample of events which enhances this bimodal distribution. The ISEE-3 result is corroborated by an increase in the frequency of detection of short bursts in the KONUS 13/14 database over KONUS 11/12, an effect attributable to the use of a shorter trigger integration time in the later experiments. Considerations such as repeating bursters complicate a simple dichotomous classification of gamma-ray bursts.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Goddard Space Flight Center Contrib. to the Univ. of Calif., Santa Cruz Summer Workshop on High Energy Transients; 6 p
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  • 12
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    Frequency of fast, narrow gamma-ray bursts (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A duration histogram for 24 gamma-ray burst events detected by an ISEE-3 experiment is presented which suggests the existence of two gamma-ray burst populations. A distribution is also shown of 123 Venera 13 and 14 events which suggests two such populations in each experimental sample, the domains separated with a minimum near 1 or 2 sec. It is pointed out that the results of the Goddard ISEE-3 gamma-ray burst spectrometer actually enhance the appearance of two burst populations suggested in the Venera data.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 308; 434
    Format: text
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  • 13
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    Instabilities of low frequency, parallel propagating electromagnetic waves in the earth's foreshock region (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An instability analysis is presented for parallel and antiparallel propagating electromagnetic waves generated by reflected and diffuse suprathermal ions upstream of the earth's bow shock. Calculations are performed on the basis of upstream particle observations made by the ISEE 1 Quadrispheric Lepedea instrument and low-energy electron measurements made by the ISEE 1 electron spectrometer for a single period. The electromagnetic dispersion relation is computed and the unstable modes and growth times of the fastest growing waves are determined. It is found that the reflected ions destabilize the plasma most strongly at a wave frequency 0.1 that of the ion gyrofrequency by a resonant ion beam instability for waves propagating upstream and by a nonresonant firehose-like instability for waves propagating downstream. The diffuse ions also destabilize the plasma most strongly at the same frequency by means of resonant instabilities of both right- and left-hand polarized waves propagating away from the bow shock.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Sept. 1
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  • 14
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    Spectral observation of the soft X-ray background and of the North Polar Spur with solid state spectrometers (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 15
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    Radio jet refraction in galactic atmospheres with static pressure gradients (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A theory of double radio sources which have a 'Z' or 'S' morphology is proposed, based on the refraction of radio jets in the extended atmosphere of an elliptical galaxy. The model describes a collimated jet of supersonic material bending self-consistently under the influence of external static pressure gradients. Gravity and magnetic fields are neglected in the simplest case except insofar as they determine the static pressure distribution. The calculation is a straightforward extension of a method used to calculate a ram-pressure model for twin radio trails ('C' morphology). It may also be described as a continuous-jet version of a buoyancy model proposed in 1973. The model has the added virtue of invoking a galactic atmosphere similar to those already indicated by X-ray measurements of some other radio galaxies and by models for the collimation of other radio jets.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-CR-164260 , SU-SUIPR-845
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 16
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    The path-length distribution for galactic cosmic-ray propagation - An energy-dependent depletion of short path lengths (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is shown that at low energies, the depletion of short path lengths in the interstellar cosmic-ray path-length distribution is a function of energy, decreasing in magnitude with increasing energy. The analysis leading to this conclusion is based on the comparison of compiled data for the B/C and sub-Fe/Fe ratios at 0.08-50 GeV per nucleon, with the results of detailed galactic propagation and solar modulation calculations, which include experimental values for the important nuclear cross sections. This energy dependence of the depletion resolves some of the conflicts between previous reports on the question of short path lengths and may be explained by models including a matter distribution around discrete sources or, possibly, by models invoking waves generated by particle-magnetic field interactions in the Galaxy.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 280; L13-L17
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  • 17
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    A search for X-ray polarization in cosmic X-ray sources (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Fifteen strong X-ray sources were observed by the X-ray polarimeters on board the OSO-8 satellite from 1975 to 1978. The final results of this search for X-ray polarization in cosmic sources are presented in the form of upper limits for the ten sources which are discussed elsewhere. These limits in all cases are consistent with a thermal origin for the X-ray emission.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-CR-173635 , NAS 1.26:173635
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 18
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    The cosmic-ray pathlength distribution at low energy - A new probe of the source/acceleration regions (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Compiled measurements of secondary to primary ratios covering the charge range Z = 3-26 and the energy range 0.05 - 50 GeV/nucleon are analyzed in energy dependent galactic propagation plus solar modulation calculations. The cosmic ray pathlength distribution is shown to consist of two energy dependent components interpreted as representing confinement in the galaxy and confinement in the 'source' regions.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 2-3; 215-218
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  • 19
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    The source abundances of galactic cosmic rays (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The galactic cosmic ray source abundances have been determined from two complete datasets, one at low and the other at high energy. For both exponential and truncated exponential pathlength distributions (PLD), the two sets of source abundances show significant differences for the primary elements, i.e., the Fe/O ratio. An energy dependent PLD reduces but does not eliminate the discrepancy, and this may indicate an energy dependence in the source composition. New source abundances for Na, P, Cl, Ca, and Mn are derived.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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  • 20
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    The energy dependence of cosmic ray propagation at low energy (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The interstellar propagation of cosmic rays is investigated using current 'best estimates' for the partial and total cross sections and their energy dependence and the current model of solar modulation. The experimental boron to carbon ratio is reproduced if the mean of the path length distribution decreases with decreasing energy below approximately 1 GeV/nucleon. This energy dependence is compared to shock acceleration models and dynamical halo models using different galactic wind velocities.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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