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  • 1
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    Cholinergic innervation in neuritic plaques (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-23
    Description: Although several studies of Alzheimer's disease suggest that the frequency of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex is correlated with the severity of dementia and with reduction in presynaptic cholinergic markers in the cortex, the relationship between cholinergic cortical innervation and the pathogenesis of plaques is unknown. The hypothesis was tested that the neurites in the plaque consist, in part, of presynaptic cholinergic axons, many of which arise from neurons in the basal forebrain. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing the character and distribution of plaques in monkeys, aged 4 to 31 years, with staining for acetylcholin-esterase and also with Congo red and silver stains. Immature and mature plaques were rich in acetylcholinesterase. As the plaques matured, the amount of amyloid increased, and the number of neurites and the activity of acetylcholinesterase decreased. End-stage amyloid-rich plaques lacked acetylcholinesterase. These observations indicate that changes in cortical cholinergic innervation are an important feature in the pathogenesis and evolution of the neuritic plaque.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Struble, R G -- Cork, L C -- Whitehouse, P J -- Price, D L -- NS 07179/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10580/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 15721/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 23;216(4544):413-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6803359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase/*metabolism ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/*pathology ; Amyloid/*metabolism ; Animals ; Dementia/*pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Nerve Degeneration ; Neurons/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: loss of neurons in the basal forebrain (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-05
    Description: Recent evidence indicates that the nucleus basalis of Meynert, a distinct population of basal forebrain neurons, is a major source of cholinergic innervation of the cerebral cortex. Postmortem studies have previously demonstrated profound reduction in the presynaptic markers for cholinergic neurons in the cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. The results of this study show that neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert undergo a profound (greater than 75 percent) and selective degeneration in these patients and provide a pathological substrate of the cholinergic deficiency in their brains. Demonstration of selective degeneration of such neurons represents the first documentation of a loss of a transmitter-specific neuronal population in a major disorder of higher cortical function and, as such, points to a critical subcortical lesion in Alzheimer's patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitehouse, P J -- Price, D L -- Struble, R G -- Clark, A W -- Coyle, J T -- Delon, M R -- MH 00125/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 26654/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 10580/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 5;215(4537):1237-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Alzheimer Disease/*pathology/physiopathology ; Basal Ganglia/*pathology ; Dementia/*pathology/physiopathology ; Humans ; Neural Pathways/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Two-component hearing sensations produced by two-electrode stimulation in the cochlea of a deaf patient (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-25
    Description: Dissimilarities in perception elicited by stimulation with two electrodes were estimated. A two-dimensional spatial configuration was found to be suitable to represent the dissimilarity data, and the two dimensions could be interpreted as corresponding to the position of the apical and basal electrode of the two-electrode combination. A speech-processing strategy that converts acoustic, first and second formants to two-electrode stimulation is proposed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tong, Y C -- Dowell, R C -- Blamey, P J -- Clark, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):993-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cochlea/physiology ; Deafness/*therapy ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Speech Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor in the lower respiratory tract of cigarette smokers is not decreased (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for the development of pulmonary emphysema, a disorder that may result from an imbalance between the elastase and antielastase levels in the lungs. Decreased functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor, an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, might render smokers susceptible to elastase-catalyzed destruction of pulmonary elastic fibers and the development of emphysema. Binding and inactivation of isotopically labeled porcine pancreatic elastase and human neutrophil elastase by alpha 1-protease inhibitor were measured in fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of volunteers. The inhibition of elastase-catalyzed solubilization of elastin and a tripeptide substrate were also determined. The mean level of functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smokers was found to be equal to or greater than that of nonsmokers, contradicting reports by other investigators. Increased elastase derived from pulmonary neutrophils, rather than decreased functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor, appears to be the main factor in the genesis of emphysema in smokers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, P J -- Calore, J D -- McGowan, S E -- Bernardo, J -- Snider, G L -- Franzblau, C -- HL-19717/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-25229/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1187-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Bronchi/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/*metabolism ; Pulmonary Alveoli/*metabolism ; *Smoking
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Lymphoma in macaques: association with virus of human T lymphotrophic family (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-17
    Description: Human T-cell leukemia virus has been linked with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL), a tumor of mature T cells that occurs at elevated rates in southwestern Japan and in the Caribbean Basin. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) or a closely related virus, has also been found in varying proportions of healthy individuals of several species of Old World monkeys. In the present study, conducted with macaques from Taiwan and the New England Regional Primate Research Center, antibodies to membrane antigens of HTLV-infected cells (HTLV-MA) were found in 11 of 13 macaques with malignant lymphoma or lymphoproliferative disease but in only 7 of 95 of healthy macaques. This indicates that antibodies to HTLV are significantly associated with the development of naturally occurring lymphoid neoplasms in at least some species of nonhuman primates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Homma, T -- Kanki, P J -- King, N W Jr -- Hunt, R D -- O'Connell, M J -- Letvin, N L -- Daniel, M D -- Desrosiers, R C -- Yang, C S -- Essex, M -- 5TRRR07000/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- CA 18216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR00168/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):716-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6087453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphoma/immunology/*microbiology ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/immunology/microbiology ; Macaca ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macaca mulatta ; Monkey Diseases/*microbiology ; Retroviridae Infections/immunology/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Reaction of monosaccharides with proteins: possible evolutionary significance (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Measurements were made of the rate of condensation of various monosaccharides with amino groups of hemoglobin to form Schiff base linkages. The reactivity of each sugar was dependent on the extent to which it exists in the open (carbonyl) structure rather than in the ring (hemiacetal or hemiketal) structure. Among the 15 monosaccharides tested, aldoses showed higher reactivities than ketoses. Glucose was the least reactive of the aldohexoses. The emergence of glucose as the primary metabolic fuel may be due in part to the high stability of its ring structure which limits potentially deleterious nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bunn, H F -- Higgins, P J -- AM-18223/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):222-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Borohydrides/chemistry ; *Evolution, Chemical ; Glucose/chemistry ; Glycolysis ; Glycosylation ; Hemoglobin A/*chemistry ; Hexoses/chemistry ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Monosaccharides/*chemistry ; Schiff Bases/chemical synthesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Regional brain concentrations of neuropeptides in Huntington's chorea and schizophrenia (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-02
    Description: To ascertain whether Huntington's chorea and schizophrenia are associated with specific regional alterations in neurotensin, somatostatin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone, the concentrations of these putative neurotransmitters were measured by radioimmunoassay in postmortem brain samples from patients with Huntington's chorea or schizophrenia. Compared to 50 patients without psychiatric or neurological disease, the patients with Huntington's chorea showed significantly elevated concentrations of all three neuropeptides in the nucleus caudatus. In the nucleus accumbens somatostatin levels were increased threefold, while in the amygdala thyrotropin-releasing hormone levels were elevated. In contrast, the schizophrenics exhibited reduced levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in two frontal cortical regions, reduced somatostatin levels in one frontal cortical area, and increased neurotensin levels in one frontal cortical area. None of the differences between the diseased brains and the controls could be accounted for by differences in age, sex, or time between death and autopsy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nemeroff, C B -- Youngblood, W W -- Manberg, P J -- Prange, A J Jr -- Kizer, J S -- MH-32316/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-33127/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-34121/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 2;221(4614):972-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6136092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*metabolism ; Male ; Neurotensin/metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Schizophrenia/*metabolism ; Somatostatin/metabolism ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Interaction between purine and benzodiazepine: Inosine reverses diazepam-induced stimulation of mouse exploratory behavior (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-13
    Description: Inosine, 2-deoxyinosine, and 2-deoxyguanosine completely reversed the increase in exploratory activity elicited in mice by diazepam. The inhibition of exploratory behavior by purines occurred at doses that when given alone have no effect on exploratory behavior. 7-Methylinosine, which does not bind to the brain benzodiazepine binding site in vitro, had no effect on the diazepam-induced increase in exploratory behavior. Behavioral effects produced by various combinations of inosine and diazepam indicate that the interaction between purine and benzodiazepine is antagonistic and support the hypothesis that the naturally occurring purines function in anxiety-related behaviors that respond to benzodiazepine treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crawley, J N -- Marangos, P J -- Paul, S M -- Skolnick, P -- Goodwin, F K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 13;211(4483):725-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6256859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety/*drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Diazepam/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Inosine/*pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Receptors, Drug/*drug effects ; Receptors, GABA-A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Loss of division potential in culture: aging or differentiation? (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hornsby, P J -- Gill, G N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1482-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/physiology ; *Aging ; *Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Humans ; Life Expectancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Amino terminal sequence of the major component of human lymphoblastoid interferon (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-01
    Description: Homogeneous human lymphoblastoid interferon with an apparent molecular size of 18,500 daltons was characterized by its amino acid composition. Analysis of the amino terminal sequence by Edman degradation indicates that the sequence is unique.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zoon, K C -- Smith, M E -- Bridgen, P J -- Anfinsen, C B -- Hunkapiller, M W -- Hood, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 1;207(4430):527-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/analysis ; Cell Line ; Humans ; *Interferons ; Lymphocytes/*analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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