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  • GEOPHYSICS  (4)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (1)
  • Meteorology and Climatology  (1)
  • PROPULSION SYSTEMS
  • 1980-1984  (6)
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  • 1
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    Tropospheric sources of NOx: lightning and biology (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Laboratory experiments to quantify the global production of NOx (NO + NO2) in the troposphere due to atmospheric lightning and biogenic activity in soil are presented. These laboratory experiments, as well as other studies, suggest that the global production of NOx by lightning probably ranges between 2 and 20 MT(N)y-1 of NO and is strongly dependent on the total energy deposited by lightning, a quantity not well-known. In our laboratory experiments, nitrifying micro-organisms is soil were found to be a significant source of both NO and nitrous oxide (N2O). The measured production ratio of NO to N2O averaged 2-3 for oxygen partial pressures of 0.5-10%. Extrapolating these laboratory measurements to the global scale, which is somewhat risky, suggests that nitrifying micro-organisms in soil may account for as much as 10 MT(N) y-1 of NO. Additional experiments with denitrifying micro-organisms gave an NO to N2O production ratio ranging from 2 to 4 for an oxygen partial pressure of 0.5% and a ratio of less than unity for oxygen partial pressures ranging from 1 to 20%. The production of NO and N2O, normalized with respect to micro-organism number indicates that the production of both NO and N2O by denitrifying micro-organisms is at least an order of magnitude less than production by nitrifying micro-organisms for the micro-organisms studied.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Atmospheric environment (ISSN 0004-6981); Volume 18; 9; 1797-804
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Tropospheric sources of NO(x) - Lightning and biology (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Laboratory tests were performed to quantify the expected NO(x) production by lightning and biological processes. Attention was focused on energy deposition by lightning and the oxygen partial pressure of soil, and one-dimensional photochemical models were defined for the tropospheric distributions of NO and HNO3 for various NO source strengths. The Lightning Facility data were compared with air samples of N2O production gathered during over 2 yr of flights through storms. Soil NO(x) productions were studied in terms of nitrification processes involving Nitrosomonas europaea and Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria, which change ammonium to nitrite and release NO and N2O as byproducts. The results indicate that atmospheric NO(x) is generated at two tropospheric levels, with lightning and soil bacteria being significant contributors.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Atmospheric Environment (ISSN 0004-6981); 18; 9, 19
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    An experiment concept to measure stratospheric trace constituents by laser heterodyne spectroscopy (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Laser heterodyne spectroscopy (LHS) techniques were used to measure radical gases from Spacelab. Major emphasis was placed on the measurement of ClO, ClOnO2, HO2, H2O2, N2O5, and HOCl in solar occultation with vertical resolution less than or equal to 2-km and vertical range from 1O to 70-km. Sensitivity analyses were performed on ClO and O3 to determine design criteria for the LHS instrument. Results indicate that O3 and ClO vertical profiles can be measured with an accuracy more than or equal to 95% and more than or equal to 80%, respectively, over the total profile.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: High Resolution Infrared Spectry. Tech. for Upper Atmospheric Meas.; p 55-79
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Atmospheric solar absorption measurements in the 9 to 11 mu m region using a diode laser heterodyne spectrometer (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A tunable diode laser heterodyne radiometer was developed for ground-based measurements of atmospheric solar absorption spectra in the 8 to 12 microns spectral range. The performance and operating characteristics of this Tunable Infrared Heterodyne Radiometer (TIHR) are discussed along with atmospheric solar absorption spectra of HNO3, O3, CO2, and H2O in the 9 to 11 microns spectral region.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TP-1726 , L-13877 , Heterodyne Systems and Technol. Conf.; Mar 25, 1980 - Mar 27, 1980; Williamsburg, VA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Atmospheric ammonia - Measurements and modeling (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Ammonia possesses a unique position in the terrestrial atmosphere in that it is the only gaseous basic constituent. Ammonia readily forms aerosols, and by virtue of its high solubility controls the pH of cloud droplets and precipitation. Over the past year a ground-based solar viewing Infrared Heterodyne Radiometer has been used at Langley Research Center to infer the vertical distribution of ammonia. Ground level in situ measurements of ammonia have also been obtained to supplement the profile data. The ammonia profiles have been analyzed and interpreted with a one-dimensional photochemical model of the troposphere to assess the sources and sinks of NH3.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 81-0376 , Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 12, 1981 - Jan 15, 1981; St. Louis, MO
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  • 6
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    NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The rationale and program design for the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) are described. The GTE is intended to characterize the global tropospheric chemistry and its interaction with the stratosphere, the land, and the ocean. The program emphasis is laid on the potential global impact of human activities, particularly those which release CH4, N2O, and chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere. Specific tasks defined thus far include characterizing the tropospheric gas-phase chemistry of OH, NO, and NO2, determining concentrations and distributions of CO, CH4, O3, and N2O, as well as halogens, trace metals, and reduced sulfur species. Techniques are needed for measuring the chemical fluxes between earth surface sources and sinks, the boundary layer, the free troposphere, and the stratosphere. The first phase of the GTE will be to test and develop techniques and assay the detection limits for OH, NO, and NO2 and assess the reliability of laboratory calibrations. Improvements in modelling global-scale tropospheric processes will also be pursued.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: EOS (ISSN 0096-3941); 64; 561-563
    Format: text
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