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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (75)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (29)
  • 1980-1984  (104)
  • 1
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    Spatial variability of surface temperature as related to cropping practice with implications for irrigation management (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Crop stress measured using thermal infrared emission is evaluated with the stress-degree-day (SDD) concept. Throughout the season, the accumulation of SDD during the reproductive stage of growth is inversely related to yield. This relationship is shown for durum wheat, hard red winter wheat, barley, grain sorghum and soybeans. It is noted that SDD can be used to schedule irrigations for maximizing yields and for applying remotely sensed data to management of water resources. An airborne flight with a thermal-IR scanner was used to examine the variability in temperature that may exist from one field to another and to determine realistic within-field temperature variations. It was found that the airborne and the ground-based data agreed very well and that there was less variability in the fields that were completely covered with crops than those of bare soil.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment; Apr 23, 1980 - Apr 30, 1980; San Jose; Costa Rica
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  • 2
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    Trapped-proton energy spectrum determination (M0002-1) (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The objective of this experiment is to measure the flux and energy spectrum of protons with energies of 1 to MeV. These protons are trapped on the Earth's magnetic field lines as part of the inner radiation belt, or Van Allen zone. The proton will be encountered predominantly in the South Atlantic anomaly at a 90 deg pitch angle.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 109-112
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  • 3
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    NASA's Eastern Regional Remote Sensing Applications Program (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The goals of the Eastern Regional Remote Sensing Applications Program are to establish capability for using LANDSAT technology in state institutions and organizations in an operational mode, and to assist in handling new data, introducing new techniques as they become available, and in building and nurturing the technology within the states. Techniques for application development are supported and workshops and demonstrations are provided to pass information on to users. Major areas of project interest are forest inventory, water inventory, and water clarity, and land cover change detection. Another activity is in adopting software, modifying it to work on users' computers, and in identifying hardware that can be used and tied to user computer systems. Involvement of universities as resources for state and local governments is another element of the program.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Eastern Reg. Remote Sensing Appl. Conf.; p 39-42
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  • 4
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    Complexities of nadir-looking radiometric temperature measurements of plant canopies (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Effective radiant temperatures (ERTs) of five wheat canopies in different stages of development were measured during morning and noon periods. The observed variability in nadir sensor response was quantitatively described as a function of canopy structure and the vertical temperature profile of canopy components. In many cases, the nadir sensor ERT was a poor measure of vegetation temperature due to effects of soil emissions. Strong vertical temperature profiles of vegetation components were also observed. The theory and measurements presented document that remote measurements of vegetation canopy temperatures cannot be made indiscriminately over large spatial regions without consideration of the underlying physical principles.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; July 1
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  • 5
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    Satellite and surface geophysical expression of anomalous crustal structure in Kentucky and Tennessee (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N82-17715)
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 58; 3, Ma; May 1982
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  • 6
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    View angle effects in the radiometric measurement of plant canopy temperatures (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The thermal infrared sensor response from a wheat canopy was extremely non-Lambertian because of spatial variations in energy flow processes; the effective radiant temperature of the sensor varied as much as 13 C with changing view angle. This variation of sensor response was accurately quantified (root-mean-square of deviations between theoretical and measured responses reduced to 1.1 C) as a function of vegetation canopy geometry, vertical temperature distribution of canopy components, and sensor view angle. The results have important implications for optimizing sensor view angles for remote sensing missions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment; 10; Dec. 198
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  • 7
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    The diffuse X-ray background spectrum from 3 to 50 keV (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The spectrum of the extragalactic diffuse X-ray background has been measured with the GSFC Cosmic X-ray Experiment on HEAO 1 for regions of the sky away from known point sources and more than 20 deg from the galactic plane. A total exposure of 80 sq m-s-sr is available at present. Free-free emission from an optically thin plasma of 40 plus or minus 5 keV provides an excellent description of the observed spectrum from 3 to 50 keV. This spectral shape is confirmed by measurements from five separate layers of three independent detectors. With an estimated absolute precision of about 10%, the intensity of the emission at 10keV is 3.2 keV/keV/sq cm/s/sr, a value consistent with the average of previously reported spectra. A uniform hot intergalactic medium of approximately 36% of the closure density of the universe would produce such a flux, although nonuniform models indicating less total matter are probably more realistic.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 235
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  • 8
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    Pilot land data system (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: During the fall of 1983, the Information Systems Office of NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications assembled a Working Group to develop initial plans for a Pilot Land Data System (PLDS). Workshops coordinated planning and concept development activities between land-related and computer science disciplines, and examined land research requirements, information science technology requirements, PLDS architecture, and methodologies for system evaluation. The PLDS will be a limited-scale distributed information system to explore scientific, technical and management approaches to satisfy land science research needs. PLDS will pave the way for a Land Data System to improve data access, processing, transfer and analysis, fostering an environment in which land science information synthesis can occur on a scale not previously possible owing to limits to data assembly and access and efficiency of processing.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 9
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    Determining soil moisture from geosynchronous satellite infrared data - A feasibility study (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Numerical modelling results are reported from a pilot study investigating the feasibility of developing a technique for daily soil moisture measurement throughout the world, based on GOES infrared data. A detailed one-dimensional boundary layer-surface-soil model was used in order to determine which physical parameters observable from GOES are most sensitive to soil moisture, and which are most effected by seasonal changes, atmospheric effects and vegetation cover. The results of the sensitivity test show that the mid-morning differential of surface temperature with respect to absorbed solar radiation is optimally sensitive to soil moisture. A case study comparing model results with GOES infrared data confirms the sensitivity of this parameter to soil moisture and also confirms the applicability of the model to predicting area-averaged surface temperature changes. Model measurements of soil moisture are expected to be most accurate for dry or marginal agricultural areas where drought is common. Sources of error, including the advection of clouds, are examined and methods of minimizing error are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 23; 375-391
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  • 10
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    Directional reflectance factor distributions of a cotton row crop (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The directional reflectance factor distribution spanning the entire exitance hemisphere was measured for a cotton row crop (Gossypium barbadense L.) with 39 percent ground cover. Spectral directional radiances were taken in NOAA satellite 7 AVHRR bands 1 and 2 using a three-band radiometer with restricted 12 deg full angle field of view at half peak power points. Polar co-ordinate system plots of directional reflectance factor distributions and three-dimensional computer graphic plots of scattered flux were used to study the dynamics of the directional reflectance factor distribution as a function of spectral band, geometric structure of the scene, solar zenith and azimuth angles, and optical properties of the leaves and soil. The factor distribution of the incomplete row crops was highly polymodal relative to that for complete vegetation canopies. Besides the enhanced reflectance for the antisolar point, a reflectance minimum was observed towards the forwardscatter direction in the principle plane of the sun. Knowledge of the mechanics of the observed dynamics of the data may be used to provide rigorous validation for two- or three-dimensional radiative transfer models, and is important in interpreting aircraft and satellite data where the solar angle varies widely.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 5; 263-277
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