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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (5)
  • Cell Line
  • FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
  • 1980-1984  (5)
  • 1
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    Satellite and correlative measurements of the stratospheric aerosol. II Comparison of measurements made by SAM II, dustsondes and airborne lidar (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Results are shown from the first set of measurements conducted to validate extinction data from the Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement II (SAM II). Dustsonde-measured number density profiles and lidar-measured backscattering profiles for two days are converted to extinction profiles, and are shown to agree within their respective uncertainties at all heights above the tropopause. Near the tropopause, agreement depends on use of model size distributions with larger particles, having radii greater than 0.6 microns. The presence of such large particles is supported by measurements made elsewhere, is suggested by the in situ size distribution measurements reported, and is likely to have an important bearing on the radiative impact of the total stratospheric aerosol. It is concluded that the SAM II extinction data and uncertainty estimates are supported.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 38; June 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Global distributions of cirrus clouds determined from SAGE data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Results are presented from analyses that use SAGE (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) data to determine the spatial extent and frequency of cirrus clouds over much of the earth's surface. The analyses pertain to a period of 15 months extending from February 1979 to April 1980. The results are compared with those from a climatology of ground-based cirrus cloud observations (Hahn et al., 1982). It is found that optically thick cirrus clouds are most often found in the midlatitudes and over the tropics, with distinct minima near the + or - 20 to 30 deg latitude bands. On the other hand, thin cirrus clouds occur much less often than the optically thick cirrus clouds. The comparison of the SAGE cirrus cloud results made zonally with those obtained from ocean-surface-based observations reveals general agreement. Tropospheric observational opportunities for a limb sounding satellite sensor, as evidenced by successful penetrations to 7 km, were found to occur approximately 60 percent of the time in the higher latitudes, falling to a low of 30 percent over the tropics.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1180-118
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Satellite stratospheric aerosol measurement validation (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The validity of the stratospheric aerosol measurements made by the satellite sensors SAM II and SAGE was tested by comparing their results with each other and with results obtained by other techniques (lider, dustsonde, filter, and impactor). The latter type of comparison required the development of special techniques that convert the quantity measured by the correlative sensor (e.g. particle backscatter, number, or mass) to that measured by the satellite sensor (extinction) and quantitatively estimate the uncertainty in the conversion process. The results of both types of comparisons show agreement within the measurement and conversion uncertainties. Moreover, the satellite uncertainty is small compared to aerosol natural variability (caused by seasonal changes, volcanoes, sudden warmings, and vortex structure). It was concluded that the satellite measurements are valid.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-86003 , A-9847 , NAS 1.15:86003
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The formation of polar stratospheric clouds (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Measurements of the stratospheric aerosol by SAM II during the northern and southern winters of 1979 showed a pronounced increase in extinction on occasions when the temperature fell to a low value (below 200 K). The correlation between extinction and temperature is evaluated on the basis of thermodynamic considerations. As the temperature falls, the hygroscopic aerosols absorb water vapor from the atmosphere, growing as they do so. The effect of the temperature on the size distribution and composition of the aerosol is determined, and the optical extinction at 1 micron wavelength is calculated using Mie scattering theory. The theoretical predictions of the change in extinction with temperature and humidity are compared with the SAM II results at 100 mb, and the water vapor mixing ratio and aerosol number density are inferred from these results. A best fit of the theoretical curves to the SAM II data gives a water vapor content of 5-6 ppmv, and a total particle number density of 6-7 particles/cu cm.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 40; 2055-206
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Polar stratospheric cloud sightings by SAM II (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The functions and data gained regarding stratospheric cloud sightings by the stratospheric aerosol measurement (SAM) II experiment on board the Numbus 7 spacecraft are reported. SAM II comprises a single channel sun photometer centered at 1.0 micron wavelength for measuring the solar intensity when the sun descends below an apparent 300 km altitude until the sun is occulted by clouds or the horizon. Readings are also made during sunrise in an opposite fashion. Transmission profiles are developed from the data and used to construct profiles of aerosol extinction with a 1 km resolution. Polar stratospheric clouds have been observed in more than 90% of the cases when the minimum temperature is 185 K or less, and 45% of the time when the temperature is 193 K or less. The clouds were more prevalent in the Antarctic winter than during the Arctic winter, and cloud height was lower than indicated by previous data.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 39; June 198
    Format: text
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