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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Open field locomotion by zinc deficient adult male mice (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 481-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult male mice maintained on a zinc-free diet display a statistically significant increase in open field locomotion compared to controls. However, excess zinc (100 times the established recommended daily allowance) does not produce a change compared to controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01986148
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium — A complex environmental problem Part II (1984)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In intensively populated countries efficient sewage treatment is essential to protect river quality. An inevitable by-product is sewage sludge which has to be disposed of safely and economically. Utilisation of sludge as a fertilizer of agricultural land is the most economic disposal route for inland sewage-treatment works and also benefits farmers by providing a cheap manure. Much of the cadmium in wastewater is concentrated into sludge which consequently contains higher concentrations of cadmium than soil does. It is impracticable to reduce cadmium concentrations in sludge below certain levels. When sludge is used on farmland rates of application must be controlled so that cadmium concentrations in soil never reach levels that could significantly contaminate food crops. Cadmium is a principal factor limiting the use of sludge on land. Nevertheless, it is a local problem since agricultural land in general receives more cadmium from aerial deposition and phosphatic fertilizers. The significance of accumulations of cadmium in soil depends mainly on its availability for crop uptake. Investigations are described which have attempted to identify and to determine the availability of forms of cadmium in soil. There is considerable research interest in cadmium in soil solution which is likely to be directly available for crop uptake. Another area of interest is the apparent disappearance of cadmium from sludge-treated soil. Soil analysis often cannot fully account for the cadmium added in sludge. Apart from the effect of soil conditions, especially pH value, crop uptake varies according to the particular crop examined. Highest concentrations of cadmium occur in tobacco, lettuce, spinach and other leafy vegetables. Using crop uptake data from field trials it is possible to relate potential human dietary intake of cadmium, on which hazard depends, to soil concentrations of cadmium, which can be controlled by regulating applications of sludge. This provides an objective basis for limits for cadmium concentrations in soils receiving sludge. Transfer of cadmium via farm animals to meat and dairy products for human consumption is thought to be minimal, even allowing for some direct ingestion of sludge-treated soil by the animals. Evidence from these and other investigations suggests that a loading rate limit of 5 kg Cd/ha (equivalent to a soil concentration of about 3.5 mg Cd/kg) affords adequate protection to the foodchain where sludge is used on agricultural land. More research work is needed to provide a basis for predicting the long-term availability of cadmium introduced to the soil in sludge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01963574
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antarctic marine life under the McMurdo Ice Shelf at White Island: A link between nutrient influx and seal population (1984)
    Springer
    Polar biology 2 (1984), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Throughout 1981, the first routine collections of a variety of fish were made under the McMurdo Ice Shelf near White Island, Antarctica. Estimates of their local biomass were calculated using food consumption patterns of resident seals. Since no significant primary production occurs at White Island, the resident fauna must be maintained by a large nutrient influx from the Ross Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263629
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Powder puff spiroplasma: A new epiphytic mycoplasma (1982)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 8 (1982), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A spiroplasma (strain PPS1) isolated from healthy flowers ofCalliandra haematocephala in Florida has been found to be a member of a serogroup of the Spiroplasmataceae. It is distinct fromSpiroplasma citri and from other described spiroplasmas as determined by growth inhibition, fluorescent antibody, and ELISA serological tests. PPS1 was also distinguished fromS. citri and several other spiroplasmas by the guanine + cytosine content of its DNA. PPS1 requires sterol for growth, is inhibited by digitonin, grows at 20–30°C, and does not hydrolyze arginine or urea. The ready isolation of this and similar organisms from surfaces of healthy plants emphasizes that caution should be exercised in attempts to isolate cell wall-less prokaryotes from the interior of diseased plants. Although some strains of spiroplasmas are known as insect pathogens in nature, the ecological role(s) of the flower-inhabiting spiroplasmas has yet to be fully determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010450
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of a procollagenase by low-molecular-weight angiogenesis factor (1983)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 3 (1983), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Avascular tumours have the ability to establish a blood supply for themselves by secreting a humoral factor which stimulates their host's endothelial cells to proliferate and to migrate towards the tumour source. The mechanism of action of such a humoral anglo-genesis factor is more than that of an endothelial-cell growth factor since it requires an oriented migration of cells towards the tumour. We report here the activation of pure skin-fibroblast procollagenase by a low-molecular-weight angiogenesis factor capable of stimulating endothelial-cell growth in vitro. The activation was observed when either Type I or III collagen was used as substrate. It is suggested that at least one function of angiogenesis factor is to promote limited degradation of the connective tissue through which it passes causing channeling in the matrix along which stimulated endothelial cells may
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01121948
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water flux and estimated metabolism of free-ranging gentoo and macaroni penguins at South Georgia (1983)
    Springer
    Polar biology 2 (1983), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Water turnover rates were measured in gentoo and macaroni penguins breeding sympatrically on South Georgia Island. At the time of this study, adult male macaronis were attending the nest while female macaronis and both sexes of adult gentoos were making regular foraging trips to sea and returning to feed their chicks. Both species feed principally on krill, Euphausia superba, although gentoos also feed on fish. The average water turnover rate in 2 fasting male macaronis was 12.5 ml·kg-1·day-1 with a half-time for water turnover of 36 days. The mean water flux rate in feeding birds was 155 ml·kg-1·day-1 in gentoos and 184 ml·kg-1·day-1 in macaronis. The half-times for water turnover were 2.8 days, and 2.6 days, respectively. The average metabolic rate of fasting macaronis calculated from water turnover rates was 5.6 W·kg-1 or 1.8 x the standard metabolic rate (SMR). In order to calculate prey consumption and average daily metabolic rate (ADMR) from water flux rates in feeding birds, it was assumed that a) the only sources of water are from metabolism and performed water in the diet and b) the composition of the diet is known. Based on the type of prey consumed, the calculated ADMR was 7.1 W·kg-1 or 2.6×SMR (n=5) for gentoos and 9.1 W·kg-1 or 2.9×SMR (n=3) for macaronis. The ADMR of female macaronis making regular trips to sea was 1.6 x greater than the fasting metabolism of males brooding the chick.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00258284
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cu and Zn in soils treated with sewage sludge: Their ‘extractability’ to reagents compared with their ‘availability’ to plants (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Availability ; Copper ; Extractability ; Sewage sludge ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Dried digested sewage sludge (cake) was mixed, in varied proportions, with three contrasting soils and cropped intermittently to ryegrass or young barley over a period of 710 days. Results are presented for periods 1–4, 13–16 and 22–23 months after the sludge and soil were mixed. At any given time the quantities of Cu or Zn that wereextractable (by EDTA or acetic acid) from a given soil showed a simple relationship to the ‘total’ quantities of Cu and Zn present. Theavailability of these elements to test crops also showed a simple relationship to their ‘total’ quantities. As a result the quantities available or extractable at any given time appeared to be related to each other also. However, though the extractabilities of Cu and Zn changed with time in some cases, and the availabilities of Cu and Zn changed with time in some cases, the changes were not matched. Increased extractability did not necessarily lead to increased uptake, and in some cases uptake increased even when extractability did not. It should not be assumed too readily therefore that because, at a given time after a soil is sludged, the quantities of added Cu and Zn that are extractable or available are sometimes correlated, the former actually measures the latter.There is no reason to assume that extractants remove all or only the forms of combination of Cu or Zn that may be taken up by crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374745
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-diffusion of 30Si in polycrystalline β-SiC (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1980), S. 2073-2080 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The 30Si lattice self-diffusion coefficients in high-purity β-SiC are reported for the temperature range 2283 to 2547 K and may be represented by the expression $$D_{Si}^* = (8.36 \pm 1.99) \times 10^7 \exp \left[ {\frac{{(9.45 \pm 0.05 eV atom^{ - 1} }}{{kT}}} \right]cm^2 \sec ^{ - 1} $$ . Decomposition of the sample at the grain boundaries prevented detection of diffusion along these paths of fast transport. Lattice diffusion of Si was concluded to occur by a mechanism involving a direct jump to the nearest Si vacancy without the previous occupation of a normally unfilled position. A comparison of C and Si diffusion in this material is also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00550634
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-diffusion of silicon-30 in α-SiC single crystals (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 2485-2494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The self-diffusion of30Si in high purity and N-doped α-SiC single crystals has been measured in the temperature range 2273 to 2573 K. The diffusion (D Si * ) in N-doped crystals exceeds that in the pure crystals because of the increase in the concentration of the charged acceptor-type Si vacancies in the presence of the N species. A comparison ofD C * andD Si * shows that the former exceeds the latter by approximately 102, primarily because of the greater entropy of migration of C. Possible crystallographic paths of transport for both species are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01113585
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic diving limits of immature Weddell seals (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 151 (1983), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Consistent with previous studies on adult seals, post-dive blood lactic acid (LA) concentrations in immature Weddell seals did not increase above resting levels after short voluntary dives (Fig. 1). 2. Following longer dives, peak blood LA values increased rapidly according to the duration of the dive (Fig. 1). 3. The peak post-dive blood LA concentration relative to dive duration demonstrate that there is a positive relationship between aerobic dive limit (ADL) and body size (Fig. 1 and 3). 4. The ADL for 130 to 145 kg seals was about 10 min, and it was 13 min for 185 to 205 kg seals (Fig. 1). 5. The calculation of the ADL from available oxygen stores correlates well with the lactate/endurance curve intercept, where peak post-dive LA concentration rises rapidly above resting levels as the dive duration increases in adult and immature animals (Table 2 and Fig. 3). 6. Of total dives, 4% of the dive durations exceeded the measured ADL in 130 to 145 kg seals and 8% in the 205 kg seal (Fig. 2). 7. Dive depths of immature seals did not exceed 315 m (Table 1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689915
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