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  • Isoptera
  • Springer  (16)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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Publisher
  • Springer  (16)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 134-137 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Isoptera ; Soil-feeding termite ; Phosphatase activity ; Organic matter ; Nasutitermes ephratae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The relationship between phosphatase activity and soil was studied in 14 mounds and adjacent control soils of plant debris-feeding termites from a Venezuelan savanna. The soils were assayed for acid phosphatase activity with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate and for the effect of inorganic P (300 μg P g−1). The proportion of organic matter in the mounds was four times that found in topsoils, indicating strong selection by the termites for organic-rich soil fractions. A comparison of phosphatase activities found no difference between mounds and adjacent soils. It seems possible that the expected increase of enzyme activity in mounds, due to a higher C content, was counteracted by enzyme inhibition due to higher levels of available inorganic P in the mounds. Addition of inorganic P to soil and mound material reduced enzyme activities by 10%–45%, but after a 2-day incubation period differences between the treated soil and the control tended to disappear.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Tropical soils ; porosity ; Isoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Insights on the porous properties and evolving sizes of sample pores have been derived by means of physical measures carried out on several soil samples of various sizes placed under a hydric strain of 0.1 MPa. Under the very influence ofT. macrothorax (humivorous termite), surface horizons are the first to be altered. Within one metre's radius around their nest, a significant increase of porosity is noticeable, reaching an exceptionally high degree at the bottom of the nest. The volume of pores 〉 1.5 μm is held to be considerably amplified as compared with control soils; however, the interference 〈 1.5 μm pores. The masticative and mechanical power of termites on the soil, together with the organic matter bulk increase turn out to play a paramount role in the stability ofT. macrothorax constructions. On the contrary, horizons in the vicinity ofM. mulleri's nests (fungus growing termite) undergo a diminutive porosity with the total disappearance of pores 〉 1.5 μm. A sharp decrease or organic matter rates has been recorded. Alternatively, as far asM. mulleri are concerned, physical and physico-chemical data do emphasize that the soil structural stability is not to be correctly ensured by the cohesive properties which are normally to be taken into account with this type of material.
    Notes: Résumé A partir de mesures physiques réalisées sur des échantillons de sols de différentes tailles portés a une contrainte hydrique de 0,1 MPa on obtient des informations sur la porosite et l'évolution de la taille des pores des échantillons. L'action deT. macrothorax (termite humivore) sur le sol affecte en premier lieu les horizons de surface. On note, à 1 mètre autour du nid, une forte augmentation de la porosité qui devient exceptionnellement élevée au pied de la termitière. Le volume des pores de 〉 à 1,5 μm est considérablement amplifié par rapport au sol témoin mais la contribution des pores de 〈 à 1,5 μm diminue. L'action mécanique de mastication du sol par les termites conjuguée à l'augmentation de matière organique apparait jouer un rôle décisif dans la stabilité des contructions deT. macrothorax. Les horizons avoisinants le nid deM. mülleri (termite champignonniste) ainsi que la muraille du nid enregistrent une diminution de la porosité avec disparition complète des pores 〉 1,5 μm. On constate dans ce cas une baisse du taux de matière organique dans les échantillons. Dans le cas deM. mülleri les données physiques et physico-chimiques montrent que la stabilité structurale du sol ne peut être vraisemblablement pas assurée par les forces de cohésion envisagées habituellement dans ce genre de matériau.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Drepanotermes tamminensis ; harvesting rate ; Isoptera ; termite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Western Australian termite,Drepanotermes tamminensis (Hill), harvests various plant materials according to biomass availability. The main litter components harvested by this termite in a woodland dominated byEucalyptus capillosa are bark and leaves of the major tree species, while in shrubland dominated byAllocasuarina campestris, shoots of this species are taken. Harvesting mainly occurs during the autumn (April–May) and spring (September–October) seasons. The commencement and duration of harvesting appears to depend partly on weather conditions, with harvesting taking place at temperatures between 15 and 25°C after periods of rain. This species of termite harvests approximately 15.6 g m−2 year−1 and 3.2 g m2 year−1 (dry weight of plant material) in the woodland and shrubland, respectively.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Drepanotermes tamminensis ; habitat ; Isoptera ; soil type ; termite ; vegetation type
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A survey of the distribution and density of mounds of the harvester termite,Drepanotermes tamminensis (Hill), was carried out in the Durokoppin Nature Reserve, Western Australia in 1990. Vegetation and, to a lesser extent, soil type, appear to be important factors in determining density and distribution of termite mounds within the Reserve. A more detailed study of mounds in Wandoo (Eucalyptus capillosa) woodland and Casuarina (Allocasuarina campestris) shrubland indicated that the total number and size of mounds were significantly higher in the woodland than in the shrubland. The total wet weight biomass ofD. tamminensis was calculated as 3.74 gm−2 (37.4 kg ha−1) in the woodland and 1.69 gm−2 (16.9 kg ha−1) in the shrubland. Thus, of the two favored habitats, Wandoo woodland appears to be more optimal for this termite species than the Casuarina shrubland.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Termites ; Isoptera ; Termitidae ; Longipeditermes longipes ; defense secretions ; intraspecific variability ; diterpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The chemical defense secretions of major and minor soldiers of over 18 colonies of the primitive glue-squirting nasute termiteLongipeditermes longipes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) were analyzed chormatographically. The colonies, collected from four rainforest sites in peninsular Malaysia, showed monoterpene patterns rich in pinenes and limonene but with few quantitative differences between colonies. In marked contrast, the diterpene chemistry is high variable, and includes tricyclic (trinervitane), tetracyclic (rippertane), bicyclic (secotrinervitane), and a new spirotetracyclic (longipane) skeleton. Three new natural products are included in this remarkable and unprecedented example of structural diversity among different colonies of a single species.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Termite ; Trinervitermes bettonianus ; Isoptera ; Nasutitermitinae ; defense secretions ; terpenes ; diterpenes ; allopatric populations ; (R)-2-decanol, trinervitene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The soldier defense secretions of major and minor soldiers of the East African nasute termiteTrinervitermes bettonianus were analyzed chromatographically and spectrometrically, and the diterpene and monoterpene constituents were determined for three allopatric populations. Incipient colonies from one population raised on food from a second population produced their population-specific terpene pattern independent of food source. Secretion compositions are thus genetically rather than nutritionally determined, in agreement with biosynthetic studies in other nasutes. A minor volatile constitutent, previously proposed to be 3-ethyl-2-octanol was re-identified as (R)-2-decanol.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Drepanotermes tamminensis ; harvesting rate ; Isoptera ; nutrient dynamics ; simulation model ; termites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A series of papers have been published which describe the influence of vegetation and soil type on the Western Australian wheatbelt termite,Drepanotermes tamminensis (Hill), and also on its litter harvesting levels and contribution to the soil nutrient budget. This paper integrates these findings by means of a computer simulation model. The model consists of three modules which respectively describe the dynamics of litter on the ground, the dynamics of litter within termite mounds and how these in turn influence nutrient loads within the habitat. The outputs of the model suggest that this litter harvesting termite plays an important role in the nutrient dynamics of the area and it provides an estimate of the unmeasured variable, litter consumed in mounds by termites, which is consistent with measurements for other termite species with similar feeding habits.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Termites ; Coptotermes ; Prorhinotermes ; Reticulitermes Schedorhinotermes ; Isoptera ; Rhinotermitidae ; structure-activity ; pheromone analogs ; trail-following pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A series of 12 substituted (Z)-4-phenyl-3-buten-l-ol (PBO) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for trail-following activity in five species of subterranean termites in the generaCoptotermes, Prorhinotermes, Reticulitermes, andSchedorhinotermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The unsubstituted parent PBO was the most active for all species, and electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups both reduced potency. Sensitivity to substitution in the ortho position suggests steric inhibition of binding by the 2′-substituted analogs. Different sensitivities to these pheromone analogs were found among the five species, withR.flavipes andS. lamanianus showing the highest level of trail-following activity for the PBO analogs.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1219-1231 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cubitermes ; Crenetermes ; Isoptera ; Termitidae ; termite soldier ; defense secretion ; interspecific variation ; diterpene hydrocarbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Soldiers of the humivorous termite generaCubitermes andCrenetermes (Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae) secrete a mixture of unusual diterpene hydrocarbons from the fontanellar opening of the frontal gland. The defense secretions of sixCubitermes species and oneCrenetermes species show species-specific distributions of the five chemically identified major components and 12 unidentified minor components. The secretion is also present with its characteric terpene distribution in white presoldiers and newly molted soldiers, but is completely absent in workers.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1363-1370 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Termites ; Isoptera ; Termitidae ; Trinervitermes ; defense secretion ; trinervitane ; diterpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The diterpene composition of the defensive secretions of minor and major soldiers is described for four sympatricTrinervitermes from the Ivory Coast. The degree of intra- and interspecific similarity between the secretions is assessed and related to available information on soldier behavior. A significant chemical dimorphism is observed between minor and major soldiers ofT. geminatus andT. togoensis. Both species build extensive foraging trails in the open air. During these excursions, the workers are protected by numerous minor soldiers, but only a few major ones. Internest comparison inT. geminatus suggests that the differences between minor and major soldiers is as large within a nest as between different nests. By, contrast, inT. trinervius andT. oeconomus both types of soldiers produce very similar secretions. The foraging habits of those species are far more cryptic. The first species builds earthen tunnels, and the second one forages in close proximity to its nest under cover of vegetation.
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