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  • Articles  (213)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (174)
  • Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology  (39)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (213)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1980-1984  (206)
  • 1950-1954  (7)
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  • Articles  (213)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (213)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 2 (1981), S. 371-380 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: electric fields ; 60 Hz ; pineal gland ; circadian rhythm ; melatonin ; 5 methoxytryptophol ; acetyl transferase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: As a component of studies to search for effects of 60-Hz electric field exposure on mammalian endocrine function, concentrations of melatonin, 5-methoxytryptophol, and serotonin-Nacetyl transferase activity were measured in the pineal glands of rats exposed or sham-exposed at 65 kV/m for 30 days. In two replicate experiments there were statistically significant differences between exposed and control rats in that the normal nocturnal increase in pineal melatonin content was depressed in the exposed animals. Concentrations of 5-methoxytryptophol were increased in the pineal glands of the exposed groups when compared to shamexposed controls. An alteration was also observed in serotonin-N-acetyl transferase activity, with lower levels measured in pineal glands from exposed animals.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 4 (1983), S. 327-339 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: 60-Hz electric fields ; perinatal exposure ; rat ; visual-evoked response ; central nervous system ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Two independent series of experiments were performed on 114 male Sprague-Dawley derived, albino rat pups, which represented 61 litters in experimental series I and 53 litters in experimental series II. Animals were exposed for 20 h/day from conception to testing (postnatal days 11-20) to a vertical, 65-kV/m, 60-Hz electric field or sham-exposed. Recordings of the visual-evoked response (VER) were obtained using a small silver ball electrode placed epidurally over the visual cortex. Visual stimuli consisted of 10-μS light flashes delivered at 0.2 Hz. Computer-averaged VERs were obtained and power spectral analyses (fast Fourier transform) were performed on the tapered (split cosine-bell window), averaged VERs. The expected age-related changes were clearly evident; however, a detailed analysis of VER component latencies, peak-to-peak amplitude, and power spectra failed to reveal any consistent, statistically significant effect of exposure to 60-Hz electric fields.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 5 (1984), S. 101-112 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: 60-Hz electric fields ; rats ; behavior ; teratology ; growth ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A series of three experiments was performed to determine the effects of 30-day exposures to uniform 60-Hz electric fields (100 kV/m) on reproduction and on growth and development in the fetuses and offspring of rats. In the first experiment, exposure of females for 6 days prior to and during the mating period did not affect their reproductive performance, and continued exposure through 20 days of gestation (dg) did not affect the viability, size, or morphology of their fetuses. In the second experiment, exposure of the pregnant rat was begun on 0 dg and continued until the resulting offspring reached 8 days of age. In the third experiment, exposure began at 17 dg and continued through 25 days of postnatal life. In the second and third experiments, no statistically significant differences suggesting impairment of the growth or survival of exposed offspring were detected. In the second experiment, a significantly greater percentage of the exposed offspring showed movement, standing, and grooming at 14 days of age than among-sham-exposed offspring. There was a significant decrease at 14 days in the percentage of exposed offspring displaying the righting reflex in the second experiment and negative geotropism in the third experiment. These differences were all transient and were not found when the animals were tested again at 21 days of age. Evaluation of the reproductive integrity of the offspring of the second experiment did not disclose any deficits.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 3 (1982), S. 371-383 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: blood-brain barrier ; rats ; 2450-MHz microwaves ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Adult rats anesthesized with pentobarbital and injected intravenously with a mixture of [14C]sucrose and [3H]inulin were exposed for 30 min to an environment at an ambient temperature of 22, 30, or 40 °C, or were exposed at 22 °C to 2450-MHz CW microwave radiation at power densities of 0, 10, 20, or 30 mW/cm2. Following exposure, the brain was perfused and sectioned into eight regions, and the radioactivity in each region was counted. The data were analyzed by two methods. First, the data for each of the eight regions and for each of the two radioactive tracers were analyzed by regression analysis for a total of 16 analyses and Bonferroni's Inequality was applied to prevent false positive results from numerous analyses. By this conservative test, no statistically significant increase in permeation was found for either tracer in any brain region of rats exposed to microwaves. Second, a profile analysis was used to test for a general change in tracer uptake across all brain regions. Using this statistical method, a significant increase in permeation was found for sucrose but not for inulin. A correction factor was then derived from the warm-air experiments to correct for the increase in permeation of the brain associated with change in body temperature. This correction factor was applied to the data for the irradiated animals. After correcting the data for thermal effects of the microwave radiation, no significant increase in permeation was found.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 3 (1982), S. 443-451 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: miniature swine ; ELF ; 60-Hz electric field ; behavior ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: It has been shown that rats, given the choice, will spend more time out of a 60-Hz electric field than in it at field strengths ≥ 75 kV/m. This paper describes research to examine the relevance of these data to a different species, the pig. Miniature pigs that had been exposed to a 60-Hz electric field at 30 kV/m for 20 h/day, 7 days/week for as long as 6 months, were tested for their preference for the presence or absence of the field during a 23.5-h period. Similar to earlier results with rats, miniature pigs spent more time out of the electric field than in it during the sleeping period.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 1 (1980), S. 131-147 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: electric fields ; rat ; sciatic nerve ; vagus nerve ; superior cervical sympathetic ganglion ; chronic exposure ; 60 Hz ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Several reports have suggested that the nervous system can be affected by exposure to electric fields and that these effects may have detrimental health consequences for the exposed organism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic (30-day) exposure of rats to a 60-Hz, 100-kV/m electric field on synaptic transmission and peripheral-nerve function. One hundred forty-four rats, housed in individual polycarbonate cages were exposed to uniform, vertical, 60-Hz electric fields in a system free of corona discharge and ozone formation and in which the animals did not receive spark discharges or other shocks during exposure. Following 30 days of exposure to the electric field, superior cervical sympathetic ganglia, vagus and sciatic nerves were removed from rats anesthetized with urethan, placed in a temperature-controlled chamber, and superfused with a modified mammalian Ringer's solution equilibrated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Several measures and tests were used to characterize synaptic transmission and peripheral-nerve function. These included amplitude, area, and configuration of the postsynaptic or whole-nerve compound-action potential; conduction velocity; accommodation; refractory period; strength-duration curves; conditioning-test (C-T) response, frequency response; post-tetanic response; and high-frequency-induced fatigue. The results of a series of neurophysiologic tests and measurements indicate that only synaptic transmission is significantly and consistently affected by chronic (30-day) exposure to a 60-Hz, 100-kV/m electric field. Specifically, an increase in synaptic excitability was detected in replicated measurements of the C-T response ratio. In addition, there are trends in other data that can be interpreted to suggest a generalized increase in neuronal excitability in exposed animals.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 1 (1980), S. 55-64 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: 60-Hz electric fields ; electrocardiogram (ECG) ; heart rate ; blood pressure ; vascular reactivity ; cold stress ; rats ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Recently, it has been reported that exposure to high-strength electric fields can influence electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns, heart rates, and blood pressures in various species of animals. Our studies were designed to evaluate these reported effects and to help clarify some of the disagreement present in the literature. Various cardiovascular variables were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed or sham-exposed to 60-Hz electric fields at 80 or 100 kV/m for periods up to four months. No significant differences in heart rates, ECG patterns, blood pressures, or vascular reactivity were observed between exposed and sham-exposed rats after 8 hours, 40 hours, 1 month, or 4 months of exposure. Blood pressure and heart rate measurements, made during exposure to a 100-kV/m electric field for one hour, revealed no significant differences between exposed and sham-exposed groups. In addition, physiologic reserve capacity, measured in rats subjected to low temperature after exposure to 100 kV/m for one month, showed that electric-field exposure had no significant effect on physiological response to cold stress. Our studies cannot be directly compared to the work of other investigators because of differences in animal species and electric-field characteristics. However, our failure to detect any cardiovascular changes may have been the result of 1) eliminating secondary field effects such as shocks, audible noise, corona, and ozone; 2) minimizing steady-state microcurrents between the mouth of the animal and watering devices; and 3) minimizing electric-field-induced vibration of the electrodes and animal cages.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung der N-lithiierten Silylamine Ph2Si(NHR)2 mit SiCl4 bzw. TiBr4 wurden die spirocyclischen Amide B (R = Me, Et, i-Pr) und C (R = i-Pr, Me3Si) dargestellt und ihre Konstitution durch Analysen, 1H- und 29Si-NMR-Spektren gesichert. Von C, R = Me3Si, wurde an einem Einkristall eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse durchgeführt. Wichtige Strukturdaten sind: TiN 1,918(2) Å, SiN endocycl. 1,750(2) Å, exocycl. 1,738(2) Å, ∢ SiNTi 90,3(1)°.Spirocyclic Titanium Amides Containing the Diphenylsila-titana-diazacyclobutane Fragment. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Ti[(NSiMe3)2SiPh2]2By reaction of the N-lithiated silylamines Ph2Si(NHR)2 with SiCl4 and TiBr4, the spirocyclic amides B (R = Me, Et, i-Pr) and C (R = i-Pr, Me3Si) respectively have been prepared. Their constitutions have been confirmed by elemental analyses and by 1H and 29Si nmr spectroscopy. C, R = Me3Si, has been investigated by a single crystal x-ray structure analysis. Important structural parameters are: TiN 1.918(2) Å, SiN endocycl. 1.750(2) Å, exocycl. 1.738(2) Å, ∢ SiNTi 90.3(1)°.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 467 (1980), S. 187-196 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: X-Ray Studies on Titanium(III) Fluoro Compounds with Pyrochlore-related StructuresThe cubic compounds (a/pm) CsMIITiIIIF6, MII = Mg (1041.6), Ni (1043.9), Zn (1049.8), Co (1051.7), V (1052.6), Fe (1055.3), Mn (1064.9) and CsM0,5ITi1,5IIIF6, MI = K (1074.6), Rb (1080.6) were prepared. They crystallize in the modified pyrochlore structure of the RbNiCrF6 type, which is confirmed once more at single crystals of an oxide fluoride phase CsTi2X6 (X6 between O2F4 and O3F3): Space group Fd3m, a = 1028.8 pm, R = 2.6% (126 independent reflections). Further compounds CsM0,5ITi1,5IIIF6 according to their powder diagrams are orthorhombic (MI = NH4: a = 764.1, b = 767.5, c = 1087.5 pm) or monoclinic (Na: a = 737.0, b = 758.0, c = 1061.8 pm, β = 91.1°, Li: a = 1466, b = 1479, c = 1041 pm, β = 93.3°) with related, but not exactly know structures.
    Notes: Die kubischen verbindungen (a/pm) CsMIITiIIIF6, MII = Mg(1041,6), Ni(1043,9), Zn(1049,8), Co(1051,7), V(1052,6), Fe(1055,3), Mn(1064,9) und CsM0,5ITi1,5IIIF6, MI = K(1074,6), Rb(1080,6) wurden dargestellt. Sie kristallisieren in der modifizierten Pyrochlorstruktur des RbNiCrF6-Types, der an Einkristallen einer Oxidfluoridphase CsTi2X6 (X6 zwischen O2F4 und O3F3) erneut bestätigt wird: Raumgruppe Fd3m, a = 1028,8 pm, R = 2,6% (126 symmetrieunabhängige Reflexe). Weitere Verbindungen CsM0,5ITi1,5IIIF6 sind nach Pulveraufnahmen orthorhombisch (MI = NH4: a = 764,1, b = 767,5, c = 1087,5 pm) bzw. monoklin (Na: a = 737,0, b = 758,0, c = 1061,8 pm, β = 91,1°, Li: a = 1466, b = 1479, c = 1041 pm,β = 93,3°), mit verwandten, aber nicht genauer bekannten Strukturen.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 512 (1984), S. 211-220 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Darstellung und physikochemische Untersuchung der Nickel (II)-Komplexe mit Salizylaldehyd-S-methylthiosemicarbazonSalizylaldehyd-S-methylthiosemicarbazon (H2L) bildet mit NiII in Gegenwart von NO3- und ClO4- paramagenetische bis-Ligand-Chelat-Komplexe und in Gegenwart von NCS-, CH3COO-, Py und γ-Picolin diamagnetische, quadratisch-planare mono-Ligand-Chelat-Komplexe. In den paramagnetischen Komplexen wird H2L als neutrale Molekel und auch als Monoanion (HL-) koordiniert, in diamagnetischen Komplexen ausschließlich als Monoanion, mit Ausnahme des Komplexes in Gegenwart von CH3COO-, wo sich Salizylaldehyd-S-methylthiose micarbazon als Dianion (L2-) koordiniert. Letztere Liganden entstehen infolge der Deprotonierung der NH2- neben der OH-Gruppe. Die Komplexe wurden durch Elementaranalyse, magnetische Messungen, IR, Elektronenspektren, molare Leitfähigkeit und TG-Analysen charakterisiert.
    Notes: Salicylaldehyde S-methylthiosemicarbazone (H2L) in the presence of ClO4- forms with NiII the paramagnetic octahedral bis(ligand) chelate complexes while in the presence of NCS-, CH3COO-, Py and γ-Pic it gives diamagnetic square planar mono(ligand) chelate complexes. In the paramagnetic complexes H2L is coordinated as a neutral molecule (H2L) and monoanion (HL-), and in diamagnetic ones only as a monoanion, except the complex obtained in the presence of CH3COO-, where it is coordinated as a dianion (L2-). The last form of the ligand is the result of deprotonation, besides OH-, the NH2-group. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic measurements, i.r. and diffuse-reflection spectra, molar conductivity and TG analysis.
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