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  • Springer  (188)
  • 1980-1984  (56)
  • 1970-1974  (34)
  • 1925-1929  (98)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 29 (1972), S. 65-82 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Reife menschliche Placentazotten wurden enzymhistochemisch inkubiert, fixiert, in Epon eingebettet und 0,5–2 μ dick geschnitten. An diesem Material kann man den Reifungs- und Alterungsprozeß des Trophoblastüberzuges der Placentazotten — entsprechend Morphologie und Enzymausstattung — in 5 Stadien einteilen: I. Geringe Enzymaktivität zeigen die undifferenzierten Langhanszellen. Sie sind die teilungsfähigen Stammzellen des Trophoblasten. II. Starke Aktivität der glycolytischen Enzyme ist kennzeichnend für den reifenden Cytotrophoblasten bis zu seiner Verschmelzung mit dem Syncytium. III. Starke Aktivität der Enzyme, die spezifischen Placentafunktionen dienen (Steroid-DH, GDH, aP, G6P, βGl), zeigen die morphologisch völlig intakten Syncytiumabschnitte. Durch die syncytiale Umwandlung herangereifter Langhanszellen wird diese Syncytiumform kontinuierlich regeneriert. IV. Stärkste Aktivität der G6PDH und der αGPDH bei schwachem Nachweis der glycolytischen Enzyme und kaum reduzierter Aktivität der Enzyme, die spezifischen Placentafunktionen dienen, findet man in Syncytiumabschnitten mit regressiven Veränderungen. V. Der alleinige Nachweis der LAP und der sP kennzeichnet das degenerierte, funktionsunfähige Syncytium. Wenn auch diese Enzyme inaktiv werden, wandelt sich der Zottentrophoblast in Fibrinoid um.
    Notes: Summary Mature human placental villi were incubated enzymehistochemically, fixed, embedded in Epon and out into 0.5 to 2 μ thick sections. Differentiation and degeneration of the trophoblastic surface covering of placental villi can be subdivided and classified into 5 stages according to structure and enzyme content. I. Low enzymatic activity is exhibited by the undifferentiated cytotrophoblast. It represents the mitotic stem cells of the trophoblast. II. Strong activity of the glycolytic enzymes is characteristic for the maturing cytotrophoblast until its syncytial fusion. III. Strong activity of the enzymes serving specific placental functions (Steroid-DH, GDH, aP, G6P, βG1) is displayed by the syncytium without any degenerative changes. Syncytial fusion of mature cytotrophoblast effects a continous regeneration of this type of syncytiotrophoblast. IV. The strongest activity of G6PDH and αGPDH with a weak demonstration of glycolytic enzymes and slightly reduced activity of the enzymes serving specific placental functions is found in syncytium showing regressive alterations. V. The demonstration only of the LAP and the sP characterizes the degenerative syncytium without any functional capability. When these enzymes too become inactive the villous trophoblast is changed into fibrinoid.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inventiones mathematicae 23 (1974), S. 135-152 
    ISSN: 1432-1297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 40 (1974), S. 191-207 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Enzymhistochemisch ist der Syncytiotrophoblast an der Oberfläche reifer menschlicher Placentazotten in verschiedene ineinander übergehende Abschnitte gegliedert. Unter Berücksichtigung licht- und elektronenmikroskopischer Befunde sowie entwicklungsgeschichtlicher und biochemischer Daten können unterschieden werden: 1. Dünne Epithelplatten mit hoher G6P-, HK- und βGl-Aktivität. Sie scheinen der Ort passiver Diffusionsvorgänge und des stärksten Glucosetransportes zu sein. 2. Dicke Epithelplatten, die zusätzlich aP, ATPase und 5Nase enthalten, Enzyme, die auf energieverbrauchende Stoffaustauschvorgänge hinweisen. 3. Dickeres kernloses Syncytium mit hoher Aktivität der sP, LAP, GDH und αGPDH. Hier scheinen resorptive Leistungen mit Ab- und Umbauvorgängen zu überwiegen. 4. Kernhaltiges Syncytium, das zusätzlich eine hohe Aktivität der Dehydrogenasen des Krebszyklus aufweist. Sie ermöglichen energieverbrauchende synthetische und sekretorische Prozesse. 5. Syncytial- und Proliferationsknoten mit stärkster HK-, G6PDH-, LDH- und Citratcyklusenzym-Aktivität. Sie scheinen der Hauptort der Energie-, RNS- und HCG-Produktion zu sein. 6. Syncytiumabschnitte mit glattem eR, tubulären Mitochondrien und deutlicher Aktivität der 3βOHDH und 17βOHDH, die für einen hochaktiven Östrogen- und Progesteron-Stoffwechsel sprechen. 7. Syncytiumlamellen über Langhanszellen mit hoher 17βOHDH-Aktivität. Sie können zusammen mit den benachbart liegenden Epithelplatten der Ort der Östriol-Bildung sein.
    Notes: Summary At the surface of mature human placental villi, the syncytotrophoblast is, in terms of enzyme-histochemistry, arranged in different intertwining sections. Taking into account light and electron microscopical findings as well as embryological and biochemical data, one can differ the following: 1. Thin epithelial plates with high G6P, HK and βGl activity. Processes of passive diffusion and the most intensive glucose transport appear to take place here. 2. Thick epithelial plates containing in addition aP, ATPase and 5Nase, enzymes indicating energy-consuming substance exchange. 3. Thicker syncytium devoid of nucleus with high activity of sP, LAP, GDH and αGPDH. Resorption with processes of decomposition and alteration seem to overweight here. 4. Syncytium with nucleus additionally showing high activity of Krebs cycle dehydro-genases. They enable energy-consuming synthetical and secretory processes. 5. Syncytial and proliferation sprouts with strongest HK, G6PDH, LDH and citrate-cycle enzyme activity. They are though to be the main center of energy, RNA and HCG production. 6. Sections of syncytium with smooth endoplasmic reticulum and tubular mitochondria showing distinct activity of 3βOHDH and 17βOHDH which indicate intensive estrogen and progesterone metabolism. 7. Syncytium layers above Langhans cells with high 17βOHDH activity. Together with the neighbouring epithelial plates, they could be the point of estriol synthesis.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two new recombinant haplotypes of the rat major histocompatibility system,RT1, have been detected in [LEW.1A (RT1 a ) ×LEW.1W (RT1 u )] × LEW 1N(RT1 n ) segregating hybrids. Recombinantr3 carries theRTL1. A region (determining classical transplantation antigens) and theRT1.B region (determining strong mixed lymphocyte reactivity and genetic control of antipolypeptide immune responsiveness) of the RT1a parent, bur rejects RT1a skin grafts. Recombinantr4 carries theA andB regions of the RT1u parent, but rejects RT1u skin grafts. The two histocompatibility genes detected are allelic to each other. The relevant locus, designated asH-C, maps to theB-region side of theRT1 system and appears to mark a thirdRT1 gene region,RT1.C. Availability of haplotypes r3 andr4 allowed the definition of a histocompatibility locus in theB region,H-B. The products ofH-C, H-B and of the previously describedH-A gene vary in antigenic strength.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 8 (1929), S. 341-363 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 6 (1982), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 48 (1983), S. 101-108 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The human pupillary control system is a paradigm for linearized biological control systems. It also exhibits a series of interesting nonlinear behaviors, particularly asymmetry, “pupillary escape”, and “pupillary capture.” We present a nonlinear model in which a signal dependent upon pupil size is fed back internally to cause a change in system parameters related to gains and rates of light adaptation. The model was simulated on a digital computer, a variety of experimental data was well matched, and improvements over previous pupil models demonstrated. A candidate physiological mechanism for adaptive components of the model might have the form of an inverse “Henneman coded” neuronal pool.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 41 (1981), S. 19-32 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A sixth order nonlinear model for horizontal head rotations in humans is presented and investigated using experimental results on head movement trajectories and neck muscle EMG. The controller signals, structured in accordance with time optimal control theory, are parameterized, and controller signal parameter variations show a dominating influence on different aspects of the head movement trajectory. The model fits the common head acceleration types over a wide range of amplitudes, and also less common (dynamic overshoot) trajectories.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 45 (1982), S. 13-21 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we present new experimental results that show pupillary noise to be multiplicative in a particular fashion with greatest variance in midrange and smaller variance at high and low ranges. This confirms the finding of multiplicative noise by Stanten and Stark (1966), but modifies and extends the relationship they suggested between standard deviation and mean pupil diameter. We propose a parametric model of the iris muscle which not only describes the static characteristics of pupil response to given stimuli, but also explains its random fluctuations in terms of probability density functions. We emphasize the point that the range nonlinearity is not due to decreased gain at the extrema of the pupil range, but is operational over a wide portion of the pupillary behavioral range, hence its name — “expansive range nonlinearity”. We conclude that noise amplitude, which is a function of the pupil diameter, closely parallels the changes in deterministic gain. Thus pupil noise can be simply considered as cross-talk additive Gaussian noise injected into the pupil system at midbrain level.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 41 (1981), S. 33-45 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A sixth order nonlinear model for horizontal head rotations in humans is analyzed using an extended parameter sensitivity analysis and a global optimization algorithm. The sensitivity analysis is used in both the direct sense, as a model fitting tool, and in the indirect sense, as a guide to experimental design. Resolution is defined in terms of the sensitivity table, and is used to interpret the sensitivity results. Using sensitivity analyses, the head and eye movement systems are compared and contrasted. Controller signal parameters are the most influential. Their variations and effects on head movement trajectories and accelerations are investigated, and the conclusions are compared with clinical neurological findings. The global optimization algorithm, in addition to automating the fitting of various types of data, is combined with time optimality theory to give theoretical time-optimal inputs to the model.
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