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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (14)
  • Drosophila  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (7)
  • 1970-1974  (4)
  • 1965-1969  (4)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959  (1)
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Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell degeneration and elimination in the imaginal wing disc, caused by the mutationsvestigial andUltravestigial ofDrosophila melanogaster (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Cell degeneration ; Imaginal disc ; Basal lamina ; Blood cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mutationsvestigial (vg; recessive) andUltravestigial (vg U; dominant) ofDrosophila melanogaster give rise to identical mutant adult phenotypes in which much of the cases this results from cell death in the presumptive wing margin of the wing disc in the third larval instar, but the process of cell degeneration is quite different in the two mutants. Invg cell death occurs continuously throughout the third larval instar, while invg U it occurs only in the early third instar. Cells fragment and some of the fragments condense, becoming electron dense (“apoptosis”). Both condensed and ultrastructurally normal cell fragments are extruded to the basal side of thevg disc epithelium. They accumulate under the basal lamina in the wing pouch area until they are phagocytosed by blood cells entering the wing pouch during the six hours following pupariation. Fragments are not extruded from thevg U epithelium but are apparently phagocytosed by neighboring epithelial cells. The basal lamina undergoes mophological changes following pupariation and is phagocytosed by blood cells in both wild-type andvestigial, but investigial the degenerated cell fragments are also engulfed by the same blood cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848662
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetische Untersuchung der thermischen Nachverbrennung von Essigsäureethylester in einem Strömungsrohr-Reaktor (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 54 (1982), S. 1079-1079 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Thermische Nachverbrennung ; Schadstoff-Beseitigung ; Strömungsrohr-Reaktor ; Essigsäureethylester ; Regression nach Marquardt ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330541125
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the structure of 1,3,5-trioxane - 1,3-dioxolane copolymers (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 2635-2655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung, der absoluten Streukraft und der Dimensionen der Einheitszelle wurden für eine Reihe von 1,3,5-Trioxan - 1,3-Dioxolan Copolymeren gemessen. Der Vergleich dieser Werte mit den von Wilski an den gleichen Proben gemessenen spezifischen Volumina zeigte, daß die Struktur dieser Copolymeren in guter Näherung durch ein Zweiphasenmodell beschrieben werden kann.Die bei Temperaturerhöhung stattfindenden Änderungen der Streukraft, der Langperiode und des Kristallisationsgrades sind reversibel, so lange die ursprüngliche Temper-Temperatur nicht überschritten wird. Die Intensitätsänderungen der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung und das Anwachsen der Langperiode lassen sich nicht auf die thermische Ausdhnung zurückführen. Zur Deutung muß man die bekannte Erscheinung des partiellen Schmelzens heranziehen. Verschiedene Modelle für die beim partiellen Schmelzen stattfindenden Strukturänderungen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The temperature dependences of the absolute small angle X-ray scattering powers and of the unit cell spacings of a series of 1,3,5-trioxane - 1,3-dioxolane copolymers were measured. From a comparison of these data and of the specific volume values measured by Wilski it is concluded that values of crystallinity calculated in a conventional manner provide meaningful parameters when discussing the microstructure of these materials.The measurements were made on annealed samples. At temperatures below the original annealing temperatures changes in small angle scattering power, long periods and crystallinities of the samples were observed. These changes were reversible with temperature and were too large to be explained by thermal expansion. It is concluded that the copolymers display the phenomenon known as partial melting. Possible structural explanations of this effect are examined.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021750911
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The intrinsic viscosity of poly(acrylic acid) at different ionic strengths: Random coil and rigid rod behaviour (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 3207-3223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Verhalten der Viskositätszahl von Fraktionen niedrigen Molekulargewichtes ataktischer Polyacrylsäure bei 50% und 100% Neutralisation und verschiedenen Konzentrationen hinzugefügten Natriumchlorids wird untersucht. In salzfreier Lösung nimmt das 100%ig neutralisierte Polymere die Gestalt eines starren Stäbchens an. Die Ergebnisse bei NaCl-Konzentrationen über 0,02mol/l lassen sich durch ein undurchspültes statistisches Knäuel interpretieren.Die Werte von KΘ werden nach der Methode von Stockmayer-Fixman bestimmt. Dabei nimmt KΘ für Polyacrylsäure in Dioxan von der zu 50% neutralisierten Form in 0,5M Natriumchloridlösung zu der zu 100% neutralisierten Form in 1,5 M Natriumchloridlösung zu. Dies weist darauf hin, daß ein Effekt kurzreichender elektrischer Kräfte auch am Θ-Punkt weiterbesteht.
    Notes: The intrinsic viscosities of low molecular weight fractions of atactic poly(acrylic acid) at 50% and 100% neutralization and at several concentrations of added sodium chloride is studied. In salt-free solutions the 100% neutralized polymer assumes the rigid rod form. The results at concentrations of sodium chloride higher than 0,02 mol/l can be interpreted in terms of a non-draining random coil polymer.The values of KΘ are determined using the Stockmayer-Fixman method; there is an increase in KΘ on going from poly(acrylic acid) in dioxane through the 50% neutralized form in 0,5M sodium chloride solution to the 100% neutralized form in 1,5M sodium chloride solution, indicating the continued effect of short-range electrical forces at the Θ-point.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021751114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced, solid-state polymerization of derivatives of methacrylic acid, 10. Polymerizability of barium methacrylate anhydrate (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 409-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Whereas the radiation-induced polymerization of crystalline barium methacrylate monohydrate has been well established there have been conflicting reports concerning barium methacrylate anhydrate. We have now shown that the yields of high molecular weight polymer are negligible if adequate precautions are taken to prevent polymerization occurring during the separation of polymer from residual monomer. However, monomer losses of up to 80% have been observed by titration of C=C bonds with bromine and confirmed by decreases in the appropriate infrared absorptions. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the crystalline lattice was largely destroyed during the reaction. ESR spectra indicate that initial trapped radicals are converted into propagating radicals with a different conformation than has been reported for the monohydrate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810211
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR study of reactions of cellulose initiated by the ceric ion methodPaper presented in part at the IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecular Chemistry, Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan, September 28-October 4, 1966. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1591-1606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ESR spectra of microcrystalline cellulose and purified cotton cellulose reacted with ceric ammonium nitrate in nitric acid were determined. The effects of the concentration of ceric ion, atmosphere, temperature, and graft copolymerization with acrylonitrile on the rates of formation and decay of radicals in the cellulose molecule were determined under both static and dynamic conditions. Under static conditions, after the desired conditions of reaction, the samples were frozen at -100 or -160°C., and then the concentration of free radicals was determined. Under dynamic conditions ceric ion solution was continuously flowed through the celluloses while these determinations were being made at 25°C. In the presence of oxygen the rate of decay of free radicals was decreased. On initiation of copolymerization reactions with acrylonitrile, there was an increase in radical concentration, then a decrease. Apparently, during graft copolymerization the radical site initially on the cellulose molecule was retained on the end of the growing polymer chain. Then additional ceric ion coordinated with the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose, leading to the formation of additional radical sites. An Arrhenius interpretation of the effect of temperature on the formation of these additional radical sites gave apparent activation energies for radical formation on cotton cellulose as 34 kcal./mole and on microcrystalline cellulose as 29 kcal./mole.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101015
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR spectra of copper complexes of cellulose (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 249-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ESR spectra of complexes of fibrous cotton cellulose and cupriammonia dihydroxide or cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide under various experimental conditions were determined. The spectra of both complexes with cotton cellulose were almost identical at -100 and 25°C. The spectrum of the complex of cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide with cellulose was stable to temperatures as high as 100°C. The sum of the linewidths of the hyperfine components of the spectra for each complex was about 180 gauss. Cotton fibers were combed and aligned with their axes (lengths) parallel to the magnetic field (B∥); after formation of either of the complexes with cellulose a minumum of hyperfine structure of components centered at H∥ was observed. A maximum of hyperfine structure of these components was observed when the complexed fibers were aligned with their axes perpendicular to the magnetic field (B⊥). The opposite was true of components centered at H⊥. For a complex of cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide and cellulose at 25°C. and at high pH the g∥ was 2.2127 and the g∥ was 2.0476. It was suggested that the alignment of most of the complex was its axis of symmetry at a maximum angle to the axes of the cotton fiber, when the axes of the fibers were in the parallel alignment with the magnetic field. At high pH these observations were even more marked. When ramie was used with cupriethylene diamine dihydroxide at high pH, the contribution of components centered at H∥ to the spectra was zero. Spectra for the copper compounds alone and complexed with cellobiose are also reported.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070120202
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The permeation of gases through modified polymer films. II. Gas permeability and separation characteristics of gamma ray-irradiated polyethylene (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 2739-2751 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study has been made of the diffusion, solubility, and separation of nitrogen and methane gases in a series of air-and vacuum-irradiated polyethylene films in the temperature range of 15° to 50°C. Samples were air irradiated to 90 Mrads and vacuum irradiated to 80 Mrads. The major structural differences between the modified films were the presence of oxygenated species in the air-irradiated samples. The oxidation of these samples reduced the amount of crosslinking normally found in vacuum-irradiated samples. Diffusion and permeability coefficients for both gases decreased with irradiation dose. The solubility coefficients for the air-irradiated samples increased with increasing irradiation dose while little change was observed for vacuum-irradiated film. The gas mixture permeabilities could be predicted from the pure component permeabilities, and the methane-nitrogen separation factor decreased with increasing irradiation dose.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1970.070141108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The permeation of gases through modified polymer films. IV. Gas permeability and separation characteristics of graft copolymers of polyethylene and teflon FEP films (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 67-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of grafting styrene and acrylonitrile onto polyethylene and Teflon FEP films on their gas permeation and separation properties were investigated. The time-lag method was used to determine the permeability, diffusion, and solubility coefficients of nitrogen and methane gases in the grafted films. The separation factors of nitrogen - methane gas mixtures were measured by gas chromatography. Structural and morphologic changes in the modified films were examined by density, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared measurements. Attempts were made to relate these changes to the gas permeation and separation characteristics of the films. Modification by graft copolymerization resulted in slightly improved separation factors; however, the permeability and diffusion coefficients decreased. The experimental permeability and diffusion coefficients for gas mixtures were in good agreement with those of the pure components and could be predicted by single gas permeability and diffusion coefficients.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070150106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR study of post-irradiation reactions of cellulose and acrylonitrile (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1139-1153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An ESR study of the free-radical mechanisms of the post-irradiation reactions of cotton cellulose with acrylonitrile is reported. The effects of atmosphere, moisture content, and solutions of acrylonitrile on the yield and stability of free-radical sites in irradiated cellulose were determined. On interaction of γ-radiation from a 60Co source with cotton cellulose, long-lived free-radical sites were found within the molecular lattice. Short-lived free-radical sites were apparently also formed on chain cleavage, gave strong singlet spectra, and were readily accessible to interaction with water. Other free-radical sites were formed within regions of the cellulosic fiber which were inaccessible to moisture or aqueous solutions even after contact times as long as three days. It was suggested that long-lived free-radical sites in cellulose I (containing regain moisture) resulted from dehydrogenation at C5, and in cellulose II (containing regain moisture) resulted from dehydrogenation at C5 and dehydrogenation of the OH group or dehydroxylation at C6. When irradiated cellulose was contacted with a solution of acrylonitrile (15%) in 75% aqueous zinc chloride, the initial rate of decrease in spin concentration was higher than the rate of decrease as the time of contact increased. The ESR spectrum of the reacted cellulose, observed at -100°C., as compared with the spectrum for the irradiated cellulose, had decreased in signal strength with increase in time of contact and changed from a three-line spectrum to an ill-defined spectrum. The free radical being observed was probably due to unreacted sites in the cellulose. The extent of the graft copolymerization reaction was directly related to the initial spin concentration in the irradiated cellulose.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110712
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