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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (9)
  • MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT  (8)
  • Organic Chemistry  (3)
  • 1980-1984  (18)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
Collection
Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hochselektive Totalsynthese von 19-Nor-Steroiden mit photochemischer Schlüsselreaktion: Racemische Zielverbindungen1,4) (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1981 (1981), S. 2335-2371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Highly Selective Total Synthesis of 19-Nor-Steroids via a Photochemical Key Reaction: Racemic Target Compounds1,4)Ring A and ring D building blocks 17b and rac-15, easily available from m-cresyl methyl ether (19a) or (E)-1,4-dibromo-2-butene (13b) and methyl malonate (14a), respectively, react by Michael addition affording the key compound rac-9a. The latter compound by successive photoenolization, intramolecular Diels/Alder reaction, and dehydration furnishes the pretarget compounds rac-5 and rac-6. From here the 19-norsteroids rac-estrone (rac-1a), rac-19-norandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (rac-2a), rac-estradiol-17β (rac-3a), and rac-19-nortestosterone (rac-4a) are optionally accessible (cf. schemes 1 and 2 as well as tables 3 and 4).
    Notes: Die Ring A- und Ring D-Bausteine 17b und rac-15, die bequem aus m-Kresolmethylether (19a) sowie (E)-1,4-Dibrom-2-buten (13b) und Malonsäure-dimethylester (14a) zugänglich sind, fügen sich in einer Michael-Addition zur Schlüsselverbindung rac-9a zusammen. Letztere reagiert nacheinander durch Photoenolisierung, intramolekulare Diels/Alder-Reaktion und Dehydratisierung zu den Präzielverbindungen rac-5 und rac-6. Von hier aus erhält man wahlweise die 19-Nor-Steroide rac-Östron (ra-1a), rac-19-Norandrost-4-en-3,17-dion (rac-2a), rac-Östradiol-17β (rac-3a) und rac-19-Nortestosteron (rac-4a) (s. Schemata 1 und 2 sowie Tab. 3 und 4).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198119811220
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetrische Totalsynthese von 19-Nor-Steroiden mit photochemischer Schlüsselreaktion: Enantiomerenreine Zielverbindungen (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1982 (1982), S. 1999-2040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of 19-Nor-Steroids via a Photochemical Key Reaction: Enantiomerically Pure Target CompoundsA total synthesis of the enantiomerically pure 19-nor-steroids estrone (1a), 19-norandrost-4-en-3,17-dione (2a), estradiol-17β (3a), and 19-nortestosterone (4a) is described. It follows the A + D→AD→ABCD sequence, proceeds via a kinetically unstable o-quinodimethane derivative obtained in a light induced reaction, and employs the chiral synthetic building block dimethyl (R)-2-vinyl-1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylate (12b). The latter is easily accessible by an asymmetry inducing ScN′ reaction. During the synthetic procedure it is isolated enantiomerically pure. The analytic procedure reveals that 12b is formed with an optical purity or an enantiomeric excess, respectively, of 95%.
    Notes: Eine Totalsynthese der enantiomerenreinen 19-Nor-Steroide Östron (1a), 19-Norandrost-4-en-3,17-dion (2a), östradiol-17β (3a) und 19-Nortestosteron (4a) wird beschrieben. Sie folgt dem A + D→AD→ABCD-Aufbauprinzip, durchläuft ein lichtinduziertes, kinetisch instabiles o-Chinodimethan-Derivat und verwendet den chiralen Synthesebaustein (R)-2-Vinyl-1,1-cyclopropan-dicarbonsäure-dimethylester (12b). 12b ist durch eine Asymmetrie induzierende ScN′-Reaktion (s. Abb. 2) bequem zugänglich. Bei der Synthese fällt 12b enantiomerenrein an. Das analytische Procedere offenbart, daß 12b mit einer optischen Reinheit oder mit einem Enantiomeren-überschuß jeweils von 95% zustande kommt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198219821109
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel Rearrangement of 1,2:4,8-Diepoxy-p-menthane (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1983 (1983), S. 1446-1447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neue Umlagerung von 1,2:4,8-Diepoxy-p-menthanErhitzen von 1,2:4,8-Diepoxy-p-methan (1) mit Aluminiumoxid in Toluol induziert eine Fragmentierung zum 6-Ethenyl-5,6-dihydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-3(4H)-on (2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198319830817
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  • 4
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    New models for landform evolution on Io (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: As part of the Galilean Satellites Mappers Program, the South Polar region of Io was studied. Examination of the Voyager images had led to reassessment of the possible mechanisms by which certain units were created or modified in this area. Specifically, analyses have focused on determining the relative age of the mountain material and on the process by which the layered plains material was eroded.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. Program; p 32-33
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  • 5
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    New Uses for Sensitivity Analysis: How Different Movement Tasks Effect Limb Model Parameter Sensitivity (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Original results for a newly developed eight-order nonlinear limb antagonistic muscle model of elbow flexion and extension are presented. A wider variety of sensitivity analysis techniques are used and a systematic protocol is established that shows how the different methods can be used efficiently to complement one another for maximum insight into model sensitivity. It is explicitly shown how the sensitivity of output behaviors to model parameters is a function of the controller input sequence, i.e., of the movement task. When the task is changed (for instance, from an input sequence that results in the usual fast movement task to a slower movement that may also involve external loading, etc.) the set of parameters with high sensitivity will in general also change. Such task-specific use of sensitivity analysis techniques identifies the set of parameters most important for a given task, and even suggests task-specific model reduction possibilities.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center 20th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control, Vol. 1; p 671-698
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  • 6
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    Benefits of detailed models of muscle activation and mechanics (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Recent biophysical and physiological studies identified some of the detailed mechanisms involved in excitation-contraction coupling, muscle contraction, and deactivation. Mathematical models incorporating these mechanisms allow independent estimates of key parameters, direct interplay between basic muscle research and the study of motor control, and realistic model behaviors, some of which are not accessible to previous, simpler, models. The existence of previously unmodeled behaviors has important implications for strategies of motor control and identification of neural signals. New developments in the analysis of differential equations make the more detailed models feasible for simulation in realistic experimental situations.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: JPL Proc. of the 17th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 546-556
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  • 7
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    Pilot scanning patterns while viewing cockpit displays of traffic information (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Scanning eye movements of airline pilots were recorded while they judged air traffic situations displayed on cockpit displays of traffic information (CDTI). The observed 1st order transition patterns between points of interest on the display showed reliable deviation from those patterns predicted by the assumption of statistical independence. However, both patterns of transitions correlated quite well with each other. Accordingly, the assumption of independence provided a surprisingly good model of the results. Nevertheless, the deviation between the observed patterns of transition and that based on the assumption of independence was for all subjects in the direction of increased determinism. Thus, the results provide objective evidence consistent with the existence of "scanpaths" in the data.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: JPL Proc. of the 17th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control; p 517-524
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  • 8
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    Inverse Modelling to Obtain Head Movement Controller Signal (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Experimentally obtained dynamics of time-optimal, horizontal head rotations have previously been simulated by a sixth order, nonlinear model driven by rectangular control signals. Electromyography (EMG) recordings have spects which differ in detail from the theoretical rectangular pulsed control signal. Control signals for time-optimal as well as sub-optimal horizontal head rotations were obtained by means of an inverse modelling procedures. With experimentally measured dynamical data serving as the input, this procedure inverts the model to produce the neurological control signals driving muscles and plant. The relationships between these controller signals, and EMG records should contribute to the understanding of the neurological control of movements.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center 20th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control, Vol. 1; p 601-620
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  • 9
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    Stratigraphy of Oceanus Procellarum basalts - Sources and styles of emplacement (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The basaltic fill of Oceanus Procellarum has been formally subdivided into four lithostratigraphic formations: The Repsold Formation, the Telemann Formation, the Hermann Formation, and the Sharp Formation. The Repsold Formation is composed of high-Ti basalts and pyroclastic deposits with an estimated age of 3.75 + or - 0.05 b.y. and an estimated volume of about 2.1 x 10 to the 5th cu km. This is overlain by the Telemann Formation composed of very low-Ti basalts and pyroclastic deposits with an estimated age of 3.6 + or - 0.2 b.y. and a volume of 4.2 x 10 to the 5th cu km. The Hermann Formation, composed of intermediate basalts with an estimated age of 3.3 + or - 0.3 b.y., represents the next youngest unit with an estimated volume of 2.2 x 10 to the 5th cu km. The youngest materials in Procellarum are the medium-to-high-Ti basalts comprising the Sharp Formation with an estimated age of 2.7 + or - 0.7 b.y. and a volume of 1.8 x 10 to the 4th cu km.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Nov. 10
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  • 10
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    Late high-titanium basalts of the western maria - Geology of the Flamsteed region of Oceanus Procellarum (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The evolution, geology, geochemistry and topology of the Flamsteed region of Oceanus Procellarum are examined, considering remote sensing data including multispectral images and spectral reflectance measurements along with crater degradation studies and radar backscatter. Seven spectrally distinct basaltic units ranging in age from 2.5 plus or minus 0.5 to 3.5 plus or minus 0.5 billion years have been identified. The earliest units of the mapped area are composed of highlands material and include partially flooded impact craters, and the oldest surface exposed mare basalts are very low Ti basalts of the Telemann formation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; July 10
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