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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (18)
  • 78.20.-e
  • 1980-1984  (9)
  • 1975-1979  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence of Al x Ga1−x As/GaAs quantum well heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 33 (1984), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 81.15.-z ; 78.55.-m ; 78.20.-e
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nominally undoped AlxGa1−xAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy from As4 species at elevated substrate temperatures of 670°C exhibits well-resolved excitonic fine structure in the low-temperature photoluminescence spectra, if the effective As-to-(Al+Ga) flux ratio on the growth surface is kept within a rather narrow range of clearly As-stabilized conditions. In contrast to previous results on AlxGa1−xAs of composition 0.15〈x〈0.25, the prominent carbon-related recombination at ∼23 meV below the bound exciton line was foundnot to shift in energy by changing the excitation intensity. This implies a simple freeelectron carbon-acceptor recombination mechanism for the line without any participation of a donor. In AlxGa1−xAs of composition close to the direct-to-indirect cross-over point, two distinct LO-phonons separated by 34 and 48 meV from the (D 0,C 0) peak position at x=0.43 were observed which were before only detectable by Raman scattering experiments. The intensity of the carbon-impurity related luminescence lines in bulk-type AlxGa1−xAs and GaAs layers was found to be strongly reduced, as compared to the excitonic recombination lines, if the respective active layer was covered by a very thin confinement layer of either GaAs on top of AlxGa1−xAs or vice versa grown in the same growth cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01197079
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circular dichroism and conformational analysis of the membrane-modifying peptide -N-t-Boc-(Aib-L-Ala)5-Gly-Ala-Aib-Pro-Ala-Aib-Aib-Glu-(OBzl)-Gln-OMe with respect to alamethicin (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformational analysis of the CD spectrum is reported for the synthetic and membrane-modifying nonadecapeptide analog of alamethicin N-t-Boc-(Aib-L-Ala)5-Gly-Ala-Aib-Pro-Ala-Aib-Aib-Glu(OBzl)- Gln-OMe. The CD data are evaluated according to three different methods and are discussed with respect to those obtained from natural alamethicin and suitable models such as N-t-Boc-(Aib-L-Ala)7-OPOE, fragments of the synthetic nonadecapeptide, and the hexadecapeptide N-t-Boc-(Aib-L-Ala)5-Pro-Ala-Aib-Aib-Glu(OBzl)-Gln-OMe. The synthetic nonadecapeptide with the longer helical region exhibits membrane activities comparable to those of alamethicin, whereas the hexadecapeptide with the shorter helix is inactive.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1980.360190114
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and conformation of a polyoxyethylene-bound undecapeptide of the alamethicin helix and (2-methylalanyl-L-alanine)1-7Dedicated to Professor Dr. Theodor Wieland on the occasion of his 65th birthday. (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 18 (1979), S. 425-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The stepwise synthesis and conformational studies of the N-terminal helical partial sequence of the membrane-modifying polypeptide antibiotic alamethicin are described. The polyoxyethylen esters of the fragments N-t-Boc-L-Pro-Aib-Ala-Gln-Aib-Val-Aib-Gly-OH and N-Ac-Aib-L-Pro-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Gln-Aib-Val-Aib-Gly-OH are synthesized using polyoxyethylene (molecular mass 10,000) as solubilizing support. CD spectra of each intermediate in ethanol show α-helix formation of the N-protected peptide polymers beginning with the nonapeptide and of the N-protonated sequences beginning with the decapeptide. Compared to the helix of alamethicin, temperature- and solvent-dependent CD measurements indicate analogous conformational behavior. The results suggest that in lipophilic media the alamethicin helix can extend the full length of the partial sequence between the two proline residues and that aqueous media favor an increase of random-coil conformation.For model studies of the particular lipid interaction of alamethicin, the stepwise synthesis of peptides with the alternating (Aib-L-Ala)n sequence (n = 1-7) was carried out on a polyoxyethylene support (molecular mass 6000). CD and ORD studies in ethanol showed a change from the random coil to a right-handed α-helix with increasing peptide length. This change is observed for the N-protected peptides at a chain length of 8 residues and for the N-protonated peptides at a length of 9 residues. The comparison of the CD data of free and polyoxyethylene-bound peptides revealed that the solubilizing polymeric support cannot induce conformational changes. The intensities of the CD bands of t-Boc-(Aib-L-Ala)n-OPOE (n ≥ 6) are higher than those of alamethicin, and these model peptides show similar temperature and solvent inducible changes of their helix contents.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1979.360180217
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilizing effects of 2-methylalanine residues on β-turns and α-helices (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 22 (1983), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C-, 1H-nmr, CD, and x-ray crystallography revealed β-turns of type III for Boc-Gly-L-Ala-Aib-OMe, Boc-L-Ala-Aib-L-Ala-OMe; the 310-helix for Boc-Aib-L-Ala-Aib-L-Ala-Aib-OMe; and antiparallel arranged α-helices for Boc-L-Ala-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Glu(OBzl)-Ala-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-OMe. An N-terminal rigid α-helical segment is found in the polypeptide antibiotics alamethicin, suzukacillin, and trichotoxin. The α-helix dipole is essential for their voltage-dependent pore formation in lipid bilayer membranes, which is explained by a flip-flop gating mechanism based on dipole-dipole interactions of parallel and antiparallel arranged α-helices within oligomeric structures.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360220133
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vernetzte polymere mit spaltbaren netzbrücken, 5.Part 4: cf. D. Braun, W. Brendlein, L. Pandjojo, Makromol. Chem. 178, 669 (1977). Homopolymerisation von 4-vinylbenzoesäureanhydrid (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 2515-2526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the crosslinking homopolymerization of symmetrical diolefines with independent double bonds is described. Experiments are carried out with 4-vinylbenzoic anhydride. The experimental results are compared with the theory and the discrepancy is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1977.021780903
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabric properties of butadienediepoxide-treated cottons as affected by liquid ammonia pretreatments (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 1905-1920 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Effects of liquid ammonia and mercerizing-strength caustic as pretreatments upon textile properties of cotton sheeting modified with butadienediepoxide (BDO) catalyzed by 2% and 15% NaOH were compared. Tensile properties of the NaOH-mercerized control (CM) (celluloses I and II) greatly exceeded those of native (cellulose I) and ammonia-treated (NH3) controls. NH3(I) and NH3(III) are those cottons having the cellulose I and mixed cellulose I and III lattices, respectively. Resistance to flex abrasion was doubled by pretreatments. Wrinkle recoveries of all controls were equivalent, but tensile recovery differed. BDO reaction enhanced wrinkle recovery of controls but produced the usual losses in tensile properties and resistance to flex abrasion associated with crosslinking reagents. BDO reaction nullified the initial tensile advantage held by CM cotton. Tear strengths of all BDO-treated cottons remained comparable. High dry and high wet recoveries were obtained only when 2% NaOH catalyzed the BDO reaction and were greatest for NH3 cottons. BDO reaction reduced permanent set of all controls and increased tensile recovery primarily by enlarging the delayed recovery. Postmercerization with 23% NaOH adversely affected recovery behavior of all BDO-treated cottons. Nevertheless, wrinkle and tensile recoveries of postmercerized NH3(I) and CM cottons were equivalent. Postmercerization partially restored fabric properties of BDO cottons with cellulose I lattice to those of their respective controls; no change was noted for corresponding products from CM cottons. Because of this, final properties of products from NH3(I) cottons equaled and even exceeded those of comparable CM cottons.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200718
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence from circular dichroism for the binding of hydrogen ions and calcium ions by poly(L-proline) (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 15 (1976), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The positive circular dichroism band observed near 228 nm with poly(L-proline) responds in a similar fashion to HCl and CaCl2. The spectra in the HCl solutions are compatible with a simple binding equation and a pK near -2 for the dissociation of a proton from a protonated peptide bond in poly(L-proline). The data obtained in CaCl2 is susceptible to the same analysis, suggesting a pK near -1.5 for the dissociation of a calcium ion from its complex with poly(L-proline).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1976.360150103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence dependence of the circular dichroism of synthetic double-stranded RNAs (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 1337-1382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have synthesized and studied the CD spectra of five new double-stranded RNA polymers: poly[r(A-G)·r(C-U)], poly[r(A-U-C)·r(G-A-U)], poly[r(A-C-U)·r(A-G-U)], poly[r(A-A-C)·r(G-U-U)], and poly[r(A-C-C)·r(G-G-U)]. Together with previously published spectra of seven other RNA sequences, the spectra of these new sequences provide a library sufficient to approximate the spectra of all other RNA sequences by first-neighbor formulas and, in addition, give four spectra with which we may test the validity of first-neighbor approximations. (1) We find that the spectra of RNA sequence isomers are very different, but that the spectra essentially do obey first-neighbor relationships. (2) We have derived tentative first-neighbor assignments of negative bands at about 295 and 210 nm in the CD spectra. (3) A test of spectral independence shows that among the 12 polymer spectra there are at least seven significant independent spectral shapes, one less than the eight needed to give the most accurate spectral analysis of an unknown RNA sequence for its first-neighbor frequencies. (4) Spectra are calculated for RNAs of random base composition, approximating natural RNAs having complex sequences. (5) A T-matrix of spectral components assigned to the first-neighbor base pairs is derived from 10 of the spectra. This matrix allows an estimation of the CD spectrum of any other known RNA sequence or an analysis of the spectrum of an unknown sequence for its distribution of first-neighbor base-pair frequencies. (6) Test analyses of two of the synthetic polymers and of two natural RNAs set a probable limit on the accuracy of first-neighbor frequency determinations using this T-matrix. (7) Finally, we summarize in an appendix the melting temperatures for all the RNA and corresponding DNA sequences; it appears that the Tm values of both DNAs and RNAs approximately obey first-neighbor relationships.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1981.360200702
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational studies of poly(L-tyrosine). A helix-coil transition in dimethyl sulfoxide-dichloroacetic acid mixturesBased in part upon a dissertation submitted by Kuo-Jung Wen to the Graduate College, Arizona State University, December 1974, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. degree. (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 14 (1975), S. 1827-1840 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(L-tyrosine) is a random coil in dimethyl sulfoxide. Upon addition of dichloroacetic acid, poly(L-tyrosine) undergoes a conformational transition centered at about 10% dichloroacetic acid. The transition is nearly complete at 20% dichloroacetic acid. Further addition of dichloroacetic acid leads to precipitation of poly(L-tyrosine). We have characterized this transition by optical rotation, viscosity, circular dichroism, and infrared. The optical rotation at 350 nm and the intrinsic viscosity increase sharply to values that are consistent with a transition to the α-helix conformation. The circular dichroism of poly(L-tyrosine) in dimethyl sulfoxide and in dimethyl sulfoxide/dichloroacetic acid (80:20 v/v) agrees with previous reports for random-coil and α-helix conformations, respectively. The infrared spectrum of poly(L-tyrosine) in dimethyl sulfoxide/dichloroacetic acid (80:20 v/v) shows no evidence of β-structure. We conclude that the transition on going from dimethyl sulfoxide to 20% dichloroacetic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide is a coil → α-helix transition. The amide-I band of poly(L-tyrosine) in dimethyl sulfoxide/dichloroacetic acid (80:20) is found to be at 1662 cm-1. It has been suggested that this high frequency may be indicative of a left-handed α-helix. However, this high amide-I frequency is consistent with conformational energy calculations of Scheraga and co-workers. The mechanism of the dichloroacetic acid-induced transition to an α-helix is discussed. Dichloroacetic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide interact strongly and the transition presumably involves a marked decrease in the ability of dimethyl sulfoxide to solvate the peptide backbone and aromatic side chains upon complex formation with dichloroacetic acid.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1975.360140905
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of low temperatures on polymorphic structures of cotton cellulose (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1981-1988 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Effects of low temperatures upon fine structures of cotton pretreated with either liquid ammonia or caustic of mercerizing strength were investigated. Temperatures of cotton after impregnation with liquid ammonia were lowered by (1) liquid nitrogen, (2) acetone-Dry Ice, (3) acetone, or (4) simple evaporation. With alkali-impregnated fabrics, temperature was lowered by immersion in liquid nitrogen. Changes in fine structure of ammonia- and alkali-celluloses were evaluated by x-ray diffraction before and after removal of each swelling reagent. After treatment with either ammonia or caustic soda, extent of crystalline modification was increased as temperature was reduced. X-ray diffractograms taken while liquid ammonia was still present indicated that the cellulose I structure of cotton sheeting was converted to cellulose III at liquid nitrogen temperatures; extent of conversion was approximately that obtained when a looser yarn structure was treated with liquid ammonia and the ammonia was removed by evaporation. When ammonia was removed with water, the cellulose I lattice was regenerated. In the presence of 23% NaOH, diffractograms indicated a significant decrease in order after a similar drop in temperature, but patterns were not of cellulose II until the NaOH was removed with water. Conversion to cellulose III or to cellulose II was achieved instantaneously when ammonia- and alkali-impregnated fabrics were immersed in liquid nitrogen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210724
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