ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Chemistry  (22)
  • demixing  (1)
  • pressure  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1975-1979  (8)
  • 1965-1969  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 1214-1220 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Solutions of polystyrene ; demixing ; pressure ; viscometry ; solubility parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus dem Viskositätszusammenbruch von Polymerlösungen, der mit dem Eintritt ins Zweiphasengebiet einhergeht, wurde die Druckabhängigkeit der Entmischungstemperaturen für Lösungen von Polystyrol (M = 600.000) in Cyclohexan, Cyclopentan, Diethylmalonat und 1-Phenyldekan bis 1000 bar bestimmt. Die Anwendung von Druck erhöht die Löslichkeit von Polystyrol in Cyclopentan und Diethylmalonat, erniedrigt aber die in 1-Phenyldekan; im Falle von Cyclohexan wird bei ca. 120 bar ein Druck optimaler Mischbarkeit beobachtet. Die Diskussion dieser Ergebnisse, zusammen mit Literaturangaben, zeigt, daß die Druckeinflüsse durch die gängigen Theorien nicht einmal qualitativ vorhergesagt werden können. Für eine einfache Abschätzung der Effekte kann jedoch der Abstand der (oberen) kritischen Entmischungstemperatur,T c, vom Schmelzpunkt des Lösungsmittels,T MP, herangezogen werden: Aus dem vorliegenden Material folgt, daßT c mit dem Druck steigt, wenn (T c —T MP)/T MP (K/K) kleiner ist als 0,20 und fällt, wenn ein Wert von 0,25 überschritten wird.
    Notes: Summary From the break-down in the viscosity of a polymer solution, associated with the entrance into the two phase region, the pressure dependence of the demixing temperatures of solutions of polystyrene (M = 600.000) in cyclohexane, cyclopentane, diethylmalonate and 1-phenyldecane was measured up to 1000 bar. The application of pressure increases the solubility of polystyrene in cyclopentane and diethylmalonate, but decreases that in 1-phenyldecane; in the case of cyclohexane, a pressure of optimum miscibility is observed at ca. 120 bar. The discussion of these findings, together with further information from the literature, demonstrates that current theories cannot even predict the pressure influences qualitatively. For an easy forecast of the effects, the distance of the (upper) critical solution temperature,T c from the melting point of the solvent,T MP, can, however, serve as a guideline: From the present material it can be concluded thatT c is increased by pressure if (T —T MP)/T MP (K/K) is less than 0,20 but decreased it if it exceeds 0,25.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 973-974 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1277-1291 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Viscosity measurements were carried out as a function of pressure and temperature with solutions of polystyrene in eight (endothermal) θ-solvents at the respective critical composition by means of a Searle-type apparatus. A rolling-ball viscometer was used for the investigation of the pure solvents. In all cases the viscosity coefficient increases in a more or less exponential manner when the pressure is raised. For θ-conditions, the volumes of activation of the solutions exceed that of the pure solvent by typically 10-15%. The exact amount of this extra efffect stemming from the presence of the polymer and its variation with temperature can be qualitatively correlated with the heats of mixing. The ratio of the viscosity of the solution at 1000 and 1 bar, respectively, can be varied for a given solvent power (θ-temperature) by the choice of the solvent from ca. 2 (cyclopentane) to 4 (trans-decalin). Within a given system, the maximum effects that can be realized by a change of the solvent power via the variation of temperature ranges from ca. 3 to 6 (tert-butylacetate).
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 502 (1983), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Low-temperature K3NO3Low-temperature Guinier photographs (+20 ← -140°C) indicate a reversible phase-transition at -42°C. From X-ray powder data a structural model based on ordered NO2- groups has been derived (I4cm, a = 726.9(1), c = 1046.3(2) pm).
    Notes: Tieftemperatur-Guinieraufnahmen (+20 ← -140°C) von K3NO3 zeigen eine reversible Phasentransformation bei -42°C an. Aus den Röntgenpulverdaten wird ein Strukturvorschlag abgeleitet (I4cm, a = 726,9(1), c = 1046,3(2) pm), der geordnete NO2--Anionen aufweist.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 497 (1983), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Structural Investigation of K3NO3Synthesis and crystal growth of K3NO3 is described. At room temperature K3NO3 is cubic (a = 521.4 pm, Pm3m) and crystallizes corresponding to the formula (NO2)OK3 in the perovskite-type of structure (diffractometerdata, R = 5.5%).
    Notes: Es wird die Darstellung und Einkristallzüchtung von K3NO3 beschrieben. Bei Zimmertemperatur ist K3NO3 kubisch (a = 521,4 pm, Pm3m) und besitzt gemäß (NO2)OK3 Perowskitstruktur (Diffraktometerdaten, R = 5,5%).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 57 (1977), S. 15-27 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The viscosity of liquid mixtures exhibits a characteristic temperature dependence near the consolute point. For polymer solutions this phenomenon is well studied in the case of upper critical solution temperatures, whereas no such measurements exist in the vicinity of lower critical solution temperatures.Viscosity measurements were performed for the system cyclohexane/polystyrene (upper critical solution temperature) and for the system orthotrimethylformiate/diethylether/polystyrene (lower critical solution temperature). For the former system qualitative agreement with. the results of Debye and coworkers was found. The investigations in the vicinity of the lower critical solution temperatures also disclosed that an additional function is superimposed to the normal temperature dependence of the viscosity which leads to an increase in viscosity before demixing sets in. This behaviour can be described by an equation analogous to that used for lower solubility gaps.
    Notes: Die Viskosität flüssiger Mischungen zeigt in der Nähe des kritischen Entmischungspunktes eine charakteristische Temperaturabhängigkeit. für Polymerlösungen ist diese Erscheinung bei der oberen kritischen Entmischungstemperatur gut untersucht, während in der Umgebung der unteren kritischen Entmischungstemperatur keine derartigen Messungen vorliegen.ES wurden Viskositätsmessungen im System Cyclohexan/Polystyrol (obere kritische Entmischungstemperatur) und im System Orthotrimethylformiat/Diäthyläther/Polystyrol (untere kritische Entmischungstemperatur) durchgeführt. Beim ersten System ergab sich qualitative Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen von Debye und Mitarbeitern. Die Untersuchungen in der Umgebung der unteren kritischen Entmischungstemperatur zeigten, daß auch hier dem normalen Viskositäts-Temperaturverlauf eine zusätzliche Funktion überlagert ist, die zu einem Viskositätsanstieg vor Eintritt der Entmischung führt. Dieses Verhalten läßt sich mit einer analogen Gleichung beschreiben, wie sie für untere Mischungslücken verwendet wurde.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The phenomenon of co-nonsolvency, i.e. the formation of nonsolvents by mixing two solvents, was studied for the system N,N-dimethylformamide/cyclohexane/polystyrene (DMF/CH/PS) which is characterized by the fact that the components of the mixed solvent are only incompletely miscible below 48,6°C. A number of quasibinary sections (stepwise addition of the second solvent to given solutions of the polymer in the first solvent) for a sample (M = 110000) of high molecular uniformity yielded a cloud point surface which gives “island curves” (closed solubility gaps) for constant temperatures between the critical temperature of DMF/CH and the top of the cloud point surface (51,3°C). The attainment of equilibrium is facilitated by the addition of DMF to CH or solutions of PS in CH, as compared with the opposite procedure. By means of phase equilibrium experiments tie lines and the critical curve could also be constructed. For a theoretical calculation of the latter from information concerning the binary sub-systems (e.g. light scattering of PS in DMF) the single liquid approximation was applied to DMF/PS instead of - with respect to miscibility - the more dissimilar DMF/CH; the results are in qualitative accord with experimental observations. Orienting measurements concering the chain length dependence of the partition coefficient in co-nonsolvent systems indicate that their aptitude for fractionation is considerably worse than that of normal systems under comparable conditions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The demixing behavior of 20 representatives of the system oligo(dimethylsiloxane)/oligo(propylene glycol) (ODMS/OPG)The prefix “oligo” has been chosen for all products, since the addition or removal of a few monomeric units changes the physical properties considerably (cf. Tab. I), even in the case of the highest molecular weight sample. is investigated at pressures up to 1 500 bar. The degrees of oligomerization range from 2 to 5 for the first and from 1 to 57, 6 for the second component. The experimental results are compared with those for the previously studied system oligoisobutene/oligo(propylene glycol) (OIB/OPG). In both cases the observed upper critical temperatures Tc increase with the number of monomeric units of the less polar component, whereas they run through a minimum when the number of monomeric units of the glycol is raised. For the present system the Tc values are found to be considerably higher than that of OIB/OPG and the optimum compatibility can normally be observed already between 1 and 7 propylene glycol units as against 50 in the case of OIB/OPG. In the low pressure region Tc of ODMS/OPG is decreased by pressure for all representatives of this system, while enhanced incompatibility has been found with OIB/OPG. For ODMS/OPG the special features of the critical lines are determined by the chain length of OPG, for OIB/OPG by that of OIB. For ODMS/OPG the initial reduction of Tc by pressure is most pronounced with the highest molecular weight oligo(propylene glycol), for which it amounts up to 0,3 K/bar; with increasing pressure and decreasing chain length the effects become smaller. For the lowest molecular weight sample of OPG the critical lines show a vertex at 700-1000 bar. In any case the two systems under consideration behave in an increasingly similar manner as the pressure is raised. The theoretical evaluation and discussion of the above results is performed by analogy with that of the first paper in this series.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 2161-2167 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An apparatus is presented for the precise measurement of vapour pressures. It is tested with diethyl ether and applied to the system tert-butyle acetate/polystyrene (weight-average molecular weight Mw = 110000) up to polymer concentrations of ca. 60 wt.-% in the temperature range from 10 to 90°C; by means of the Redlich-Kister equation the results can well be described analytically. The data are evaluated to yield the Flory-Huggins parameter in the subsequent article in conjunction with other experimental information.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Cloud-point curves and critical curves (Tc = f(p)) have been measured for the system trans-decahydronaphthalene/polystyrene and three different molecular weights of the polystyrene component (2,5 · 106; 3,9 · 105; 1,1 · 105). It turned out that by variation of the pressure the metastable region can be investigated up to the spinodal curve.A comparison of the theta-temperatures and the enthalpy contributions χH (to the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter χ) resulting from the measured critical temperatures according to Shultz-Flory, with the corresponding directly obtained literature data, demonstrates that, although the extrapolation of Tc to infinite molecular weight is feasible, χH obtained in this way is greater by a factor of approximately three, due to the concentration dependence of χ. The same is true for the determination of χV (the contribution of the work in change of volume to χ) from the molecular weight dependence of the critical pressure. The determination of χV from the slope of the critical curves and known χH is, however, possible; the results are in good agreement with direct measurements.The shape of the critical curves calculated theoretically according to Prigogine and Patterson, turns out to be very sensitive to the precise values chosen for the mechanical data of the pure components. By adjustment of the system-specific parameters the measured critical curves can be well represented analytically.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...