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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Amino acid analogue-resistance ; Electrofusion ; Potato ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; Somatic hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intraspecific somatic hybridization between amino acid analogue-resistant cell lines of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been carried out following electrofusion of protoplasts. In initial analytical electrofusion experiments (1 mm electrode separation) optimal fusion conditions were determined by changing the fusion medium (addition of Ca and/or spermine) and the electrical parameters. Subsequently, in large scale experiments, cell suspension protoplasts of aec-1, a variant resistant to AEC, were fused with the same type of protoplasts of 5mt-26 or 5mt-27, both variants resistant to 5MT and cross-resistant to 3 FT. After an extensive selection procedure only somatic hybrid lines of aec-1 + 5mt-26 were obtained. The resistance traits of aec-1 and 5mt-26 were expressed fully, indicating that the variant characters involved are transmitted dominantly. Quantitative examination of the free amino acid content revealed characteristics of both the parental cell lines in most of the somatic hybrids. However, initially selected double resistant colonies from fusions of aec-1 + 5mt-27 lines appeared not to be somatic hybrids.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Mutant ; Starch composition ; Granule-bound starch synthase ; amylose-free
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An amylose-free potato mutant was isolated after screening 12,000 minitubers. These minitubers had been induced on stem segments of adventitious shoots, which had been regenerated on leaf explants of a monoploid potato clone after Röntgen-irradiation. The mutant character is also expressed in subterranean tubers and in microspores. Starch granules from the mutant showed a strongly reduced activity of the granule bound starch synthase and loss of the major 60 kd protein from the starch granules.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Monohaploids ; Solanum ; Potato ; In vitro-performance ; Protoplast fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plant growth performance was studied in 118 potato monohaploids and in their diploid parents. Of these monohaploids 76 were also investigated at the protoplast level and eight of these were used in protoplast fusion experiments as well. No correlation was found between relative performance of greenhouse grown and in vitro grown plants. No or only weak correlations were found between different in vitro characteristics such as plant growth, protoplast yield per gram plant material, plating efficiency and callus growth. This indicates the unpredictability of these characters. The protoplast fusion experiments indicated that only in some genotype combinations increased callus growth rates may be found. However, it is not clear whether such calli were hybrids or not. In protoplast monocultures only diploid and tetraploid regenerants were obtained. After fusion, tetraploids but also some triploids could be regenerated. The finding of triploids indicates that monoploid protoplasts were involved in fusion. Isozyme analysis and morphological assessment of the plants pointed out that the majority of the fusion regenerants were hybrids. The implications of these results are discussed.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; potato ; amino acids ; amino acid analogue resistance ; frost tolerance ; plant regeneration ; proline ; somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A number of previously selected hydroxyproline (hyp) resistant cell lines of a diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L., clone H2578, 2n=2x=24) could be regenerated into plants which were further analysed. Hyp resistance, although lower than in the originally selected calli, was still present in regenerated shoots and in callus initiated from these shoots and it was not lost upon (mini)tuber propagation. Regenerated shoots showed a wide range of phenotypic variation. The chromosome number, analysed in 4 clones, appeared to be hypotetraploid (44 or 45). Tuber-propagated regenerants generally showed increased frost tolerance both at the plant and the cell level. In leaves this seemed to be associated with increased levels of both proline and total amino acid content. However, in callus only the total amino acid content but not proline was still elevated. In the wild type the frost tolerance of the tubers appeared to be lower than that of the leaves. Between tubers of wild type and the hyp resistant regenerants no differences in frost tolerance were found, although proline and total amino acid content tended to be higher in tubers from the regenerants.
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