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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (3)
  • densimeter  (1)
  • vibrating wire  (1)
  • polymer
  • 1985-1989  (4)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A vibrating-rod densimeter (1989)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 10 (1989), S. 871-883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: densimeter ; density ; high pressure ; n-heptane ; vibrating wire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements are reported that confirm the applicability of the theory of a vibrating-rod densimeter to a practical instrument. It is demonstrated that with such a device, liquid density measurements evaluated on an absolute basis can be made with an accuracy of ±0.2% at pressures up to 100 MPa. When the density of the liquid is evaluated on a relative basis, a precision of ±0.1% can be achieved over the same range of pressure. Future developments of the instrument that would greatly enhance its sensitivity and that rely upon the availability of a proven theory are therefore now possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00514482
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Water loss from Venus: Implications for the Earth's early atmosphere (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The atmosphere of Venus outgassed rapidly as a result of planetary heating during accretion, resulting in massive water loss. The processes affecting atmospheric chemistry following accretion have consisted largely of hydrogen escape and internal re-equilibrium. The initial bulk composition of Venus and Earth are assumed to have been roughly similar. Chemical speciation on Venus was controlled by the temperature and oxygen buffering capacity of the surface magma. It is also assumed that the surfaces of planetary bodies of the inner solar system were partly or wholly molten during accretion with a temperature estimated at 1273 to 1573 K. To investigate the range of reasonable initial atmospheric compositions on Venus, limits have to be set for the proportion of total hydrogen and the buffered fugacity of oxygen. Using the C/H ratio of 0.033 set for Earth, virtually all of the water generated during outgassing must later have been lost in order to bring the current CO2/H2O ratio for Venus up to its observed value of 10 sup 4 to 10 sup 5. The proportion of H2O decreases in model atmospheres with successfully higher C/H values, ultimately approaching the depleted values currently observed on Venus. Increasing C/H also results in a rapid increase in CO/H2O and provides an efficient mechanism for water loss by the reaction CO+H2O = CO2 + H2. This reaction, plus water loss mechanisms involving crustal iron, could have removed a very large volume of water from the Venusian atmosphere, even at a low C/H value.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on the Early Earth: The Interval from Accretion to the Older Archean; p 65-67
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The case for a wet, warm climate on early Mars (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Arguments are presented in support of the idea that Mars possessed a dense CO2 atmosphere and a wet, warm climate early in its history. The plausibility of a CO2 greenhouse is tested by formulating a simple model of the CO2 geochemical cycle on early Mars. By scaling the rate of silicate weathering on Earth, researchers estimated a weathering time constant of the order of several times 10 to the 7th power years for early Mars. Thus, a dense atmosphere could have existed for a geologically significant time period (approx. 10 to the 9th power years) only if atmospheric CO2 was being continuously resupplied. The most likely mechanism by which this could have been accomplished is the thermal decomposition of carbonate rocks induced directly or indirectly by intense, global scale volcanism.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986; p 160
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The case for a wet, warm climate on early Mars (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The conditions under which Mars could have had a warm wet climate during its early evolution are explored by means of numerical simulations, incorporating more accurate data on the opacity of gaseous CO2 and H2O in the solar and thermal spectral regions (McClatchey et al., 1971) into the one-dimensional radiative-convective greenhouse model of Kasting and Ackerman (1986). The results are presented in extensive graphs and characterized in detail, with consideration of atmospheric CO2 loss rates, sources of atmospheric CO2, CO2 partitioning between atmosphere and hydrosphere, the Mars volatile inventory, the CO2 geochemical cycle, climate evolution, and observational tests. It is concluded that greenhouse conditions (requiring atmospheric CO2 of 1-5 bar) could have existed for a period of about 1 Gyr if the total surficial inventory of CO2 was 2-10 bar.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 71; 203-224
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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