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  • 1985-1989  (7)
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  • 1
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    Mission to Planet Earth - The Earth Observing System (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Earth Observing System (EOS) is a major component of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth initiative. It seeks to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the earth as a system, including its various components (solid earth, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere) and its various processes (hydrologic cycle, biogeochemical cycles, and climatic processes). This is to be achieved by space-based remote sensing, using a variety of instrumentation and observing techniques, operating simultaneously, and providing continuous and complete global coverage over a long time period. A few of the investigations to be carried out with EOS, in areas of (1) imagery of the earth from space, and (2) investigations of the earth's radiation budget are described. EOS is expected to make major contributions to the basic earth sciences (geology, meteorology, etc.), but its results also will have important immediate or near-term practical applications which will improve the quality of life on earth.
    Keywords: GEOSCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: National Technical Association; 34-36
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Earth Radiation Budget Satellite extraterrestrial solar constant measurements - 1986-1987 increasing trend (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: From June 1986 through Nov 1987, the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) pyrheliometric measurements indicated that the solar constant was increasing approximately +0.02 percent per year. Earlier ERBS measurements indicated that the solar constant was declining approximately -0.03 percent per year during the 1984 through mid-1986 period. Since mid-1986 represents the beginning of solar cycle 22, it is believed that the reversal in the long-term solar constant trend may be linked to increased solar activity associated with the beginning of the 11-year sunspot cycle. The typical value of the solar constant was found to be 1365 Wm-2.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 8; 7, 19
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Characteristics of the earth radiation budget experiment solar monitors (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The earth radiation budget experiment solar monitors, active cavity pyrheliometers, have been developed to measure every two weeks the total optical solar irradiance from the earth radiation budget satellite (ERBS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA-9 spacecraft platforms. In the unfiltered 0.2-50-micron wavelength broadband region, the monitors were used to obtain 1365 W/sq m as the mean value for the solar irradiance, with measurement precisions and accuracies approaching 0.1 and 0.2 percent, respectively. The design and characteristics of the solar monitors are presented along with the data reduction model. For the October 1984 through July 1985 period, the resulting ERBS and NOAA-9 solar irradiance values are intercompared.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 26; 3090-309
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Total solar irradiance values determined using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) radiometers (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: During the October 1984 through January 1988 period, the ERBE solar monitors on the NASA Earth Radiation Satellite and on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA 9 and NOAA 10 spacecraft were used to obtain mean total solar irradiance values of 1365, 1365, and 1363 W/sq m, respectively. Secular variations in the solar irradiance have been observed, and they appear to be correlated with solar activity.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: ; 5 p.|International Conference on New Developments and Applications in Optical Radiometry, 2nd, London; Apr 12, 1988 - Apr 13, 1988; London; United Kingdom
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Comparison of the measured and predicted response of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment active cavity radiometer during solar observations (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment consists of an array of radiometric instruments placed in earth orbit by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to monitor the longwave and visible components of the earth's radiation budget. Presented is a dynamic electrothermal model of the active cavity radiometer used to measure the earth's total radiative exitance. Radiative exchange is modeled using the Monte Carlo method and transient conduction is treated using the finite element method. Also included is the feedback circuit which controls electrical substitution heating of the cavity. The model is shown to accurately predict the dynamic response of the instrument during solar calibration.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 28; 1327-133
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    An improved electrothermal model for the ERBE nonscanning radiometer - Comparison of predicted and measured behavior during solar observations (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The improved Earth Radiation Budget Experiment nonscanning-channels electrothermal model presented is used to model two types of solar observations: those obtained through the solar port during solar calibration, and and those obtained during the satellite pitch-over maneuver, in which the sun is observed by the radiometer while it is in earth-viewing configuration. Thermal noise has been separately studied to evaluate its contribution to the radiative energy absorbed by the active cavity. It is found that the scattering of the collimated solar radiation contributes an average of 0.071 mW during solar calibration.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Optical Radiation Measurements II; Mar 27, 1989 - Mar 28, 1989; Orlando, FL; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Characterizations of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanning radiometers (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA's Earth Radiation Budget Experiment employs the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite and the NOAA 9 and 10 spacecraft to obtain absolute measurements of incoming solar radiation, shortwave earth-reflected solar radiation, and longwave earth-emitted radiation, using both scanning and nonscanning radiometers. Each of the three remote-sensing spacecraft carry narrow FOV scanning radiometers whose detection sensors are thermistor bolometers. Attention is presently given to the calibration models and methods employed in characterizing the scanning radiometers' output signals; the design features of the scanners and flight calibration systems are presented.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Optical Radiation Measurements II; Mar 27, 1989 - Mar 28, 1989; Orlando, FL; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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