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  • 11
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    Non-contact temperature measurements for biotechnology discipline working group (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: In the biotechnology research areas, there is interest in measuring temperature changes over very small dimensions, such as the surface of a 10-micrometer diameter biological cell immersed in cell culture fluid. Non-interference measurements of other properties, such as chemical constituents and their concentrations, are also needed. Contacting probes for pH have recently been developed to penetrate a cell but questions have been raised about their accuracy and net value.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: NASA, Washington, D.C. Noncontact Temperature Measurement; p 139-142
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 12
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    Reduced gravity - A new biomedical research environment (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Experiment programs for continuous flow electrophoresis and protein crystal growth are described to demonstrate the utility of the reduced gravity environment for scientific research. The advantages of the reduced gravity environment are outlined. The results of experiments on the Space Shuttle using the Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System and crystal growth experiments on Spacelab-1 and the Space Shuttle are examined, noting the importance of microgravity research.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: AAS PAPER 87-154
    Format: text
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  • 13
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    Phase partitioning in space and on earth (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The influence of gravity on the efficiency and quality of the impressive separations achievable by bioparticle partitioning is investigated by demixing polymer phase systems in microgravity. The study involves the neutral polymers dextran and polyethylene glycol, which form a two-phase system in aqueous solution at low concentrations. It is found that demixing in low-gravity occurs primarily by coalescence, whereas on earth the demixing occurs because of density differences between the phases.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
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  • 14
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    Hydrodynamic effects on cell growth in agitated microcarrier bioreactors (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The net growth rate of bovine embryonic kidney cells in microcarrier bioreactor is the result of a variable death rate imposed on a cell culture trying to grow at a constant intrinsic growth rate. The death rate is a function of the agitation conditions in the system, and increases at higher agitation because of increasingly energetic interactions of the cell covered microcarriers with turbulent eddies in the fluid. At very low agitation rates bead-bead bridging becomes important; the large clumps formed by bridging can interact with larger eddies than single beads, leading to a higher death rate at low agitation. The growth and death rate were correlated with a dimensionless eddy number which compares eddy forces to the buoyant force on the bead.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: NASA, Washington, Microgravity Science and Applications Flight Programs, January - March 1987, Selected Papers, Volume 1; p 155-157
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 15
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    A study of two-phase flow in a reduced gravity environment (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A test loop was designed and fabricated for observing and measuring pressure drops of two-phase flow in reduced gravity. The portable flow test loop was then tested aboard the NASA-JSC KC135 reduced gravity aircraft. The test loop employed the Sundstrand Two-Phase Thermal Management System (TPTMS) concept which was specially fitted with a clear two-phase return line and condenser cover for flow observation. A two-phase (liquid/vapor) mixture was produced by pumping nearly saturated liquid through an evaporator and adding heat via electric heaters. The quality of the two-phase flow was varied by changing the evaporator heat load. The test loop was operated on the ground before and after the KC135 flight tests to create a one-gravity data base. The ground testing included all the test points run during the reduced gravity testing. Two days of reduced gravity tests aboard the KC135 were performed. During the flight tests, reduced-gravity, one-gravity, and nearly two-gravity accelerations were experienced. Data was taken during the entire flight which provided flow regime and pressure drop data for the three operating conditions. The test results show that two-phase pressure drops and flow regimes can be accurately predicted in zero-gravity.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: NASA-CR-172035 , NAS 1.26:172035 , DRL-T-1884 , DRD-TM-478T
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  • 16
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    Continuous flow electrophoresis system experiments on shuttle flights STS-6 and STS-7 (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A space continuous flow electrophoresis system (CFES) was developed that would incorporate specific modifications to laboratory instruments to take advantage of weightlessness. The specific objectives were to use a model sample material at a high concentration to evaluate the continuous flow electrophoresis process in the CFES instrument and compare its separation resolution and sample throughput with related devices on Earth and to expand the basic knowledge of the limitations imposed by fluid flows and particle concentration effects on the electrophoresis process by careful design and evaluation of the space experiment. Hemoglobin and polysaccharide were selected as primary samples. The results from space show a large band spread of the high concentration of the single species of hemoglobin that was due to the mismatch of electrical conductivity between the sample and the buffer. On STS-7 the major objective was to evaluate the influence of the electrical properties of the sample constituents on the resolution of the CFES. As expected, the polystyrene latex microspheres dispersed in a solution with 3 times the electrical conductivity of the curtain buffer separated with a larger band spread than in the 2nd experiment.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: NASA-TP-2778 , NAS 1.60:2778
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  • 17
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    Preparative electrophoresis for space (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A premise of continuous flow electrophoresis is that removal of buoyancy-induced thermal convection caused by axial and lateral temperature gradients results in ideal performance of these instruments in space. Although these gravity dependent phenomena disturb the rectilinear flow in the separation chamber when high voltage gradients or thick chambers are used, distortion of the injected sample stream due to electrohydrodynamic effects cause major broadening of the separated bands. The electrophoresis separation process is simple, however flow local to the sample filament produced by the applied electric field have not been considered. These electrohydrodynamic flows distort the sample stream and limit the separation. Also, electroosmosis and viscous flow combine to further distort the process. A moving wall concept is being proposed for space which will eliminate and control the disturbances. The moving wall entrains the fluid to move as a rigid body and produces a constant residence time for all samples distributed across the chamber thickness. The moving wall electrophoresis chamber can only be operated in space because there is no viscous flow in the chamber to stabilize against thermal convection.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: NASA-TP-2777 , NAS 1.60:2777
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 18
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    Protein crystal growth in low gravity (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The solubility and growth of the protein canavalin, and the application of the schlieren technique to study fluid flow in protein crystal growth systems were investigated. These studies have resulted in the proposal of a model to describe protein crystal growth and the preliminary plans for a long-term space flight experiment. Canavalin, which may be crystallized from a basic solution by the addition of hydrogen (H+) ions, was shown to have normal solubility characteristics over the range of temperatures (5 to 25 C) and pH (5 to 7.5) studies. The solubility data combined with growth rate data gathered from the seeded growth of canavalin crystals indicated that the growth rate limiting step is a screw dislocation mechanism. A schlieren apparatus was constructed and flow patterns were observed in Rochelle salt (sodium potassium tartrate), lysozyme, and canavalin. The critical parameters were identified as the change in density with concentration (dp/dc) and the change in index of refraction with concentration (dn/dc). Some of these values were measured for the materials listed. The data for lyrozyme showed non-linearities in plots of optical properties and density vs. concentration. In conjunction with with W. A. Tiller, a model based on colloid stability theory was proposed to describe protein crystallization. The model was used to explain observations made by ourselves and others. The results of this research has lead to the development for a preliminary design for a long-term, low-g experiment. The proposed apparatus is univeral and capable of operation under microprocessor control.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: NASA-CR-183183 , NAS 1.26:183183 , CMR-88-9 , SU-SPO-1018
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  • 19
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    Protein crystal growth in low gravity (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The solubility and growth mechanism of canavalin were studied, and the applicability of the Schlieren technique to protein crystal growth was investigated. Canavalin which may be crystallized from a basic solution by the addition of hydrogen (H+) ions was shown to have normal solubility characteristics over the range of temperatures (5 to 25 C) and pH (5 to 7.5) studied. The solubility data combined with growth rate data gathered from the seeded growth of canavalin crystals indicated that the growth mechanism at high supersaturation ratios (〉1.28) is screw dislocation like. A Schlieren apparatus was constructed and flow patterns were observed in Rochelle salt (sodium potassium tartrate), lysozyme, and canavalin. The critical parameters were identified as the change in density with concentration (dp/dc) and the change in index of refraction with concentration (dn/dc). Some of these values were measured for the materials listed.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: NASA-CR-180602 , NAS 1.26:180602
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  • 20
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    Analysis of the free-fall behavior of liquid-metal drops in a gaseous atmosphere (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The free-fall of a liquid-metal drop and heat transfer from the drop to its environment are described for both a gaseous atmosphere and vacuum. A simple model, in which the drop is assumed to fall rectilinearly with behavior like that of a rigid particle, is developed first, then possible causes of deviation from this behavior are discussed. The model is applied to describe solidification of drops in a drop tube. Possible future developments of the model are suggested.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: Materials processing in the reduced gravity environment of space; Dec 01, 1986 - Dec 03, 1986; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: text
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