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  • Articles  (1,175)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (657)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (518)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • 1985-1989  (1,175)
Collection
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of chlorpromazine and its major metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Application to biological fluids (1985)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 12 (1985), S. 707-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the quantitative determination of chlorpromazine and five of its major metabolites in a single sample of biological fluid in the ng/ml range has been developed utilizing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected ion recording. The assay is highly specific and quantification is accomplished by an inverse stable isotope dilution technique, using deuterium-labeled variants of the compounds as internal standards. In this way the concentrations of chlorpromazine and five of its major metabolites (the sulfoxide, the N-oxide, the monodemethylated, the didemethylated, and the 7-hydroxylated compounds) can be determined in biological fluids. Levels in humans have been measured both in plasma and in red blood cells and are compared to those found in related in vitro studies.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200121207
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of adenosine: Statistical comparison of radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry - selected ion monitoring methods (1986)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 13 (1986), S. 667-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method for quantitating adenosine concentration by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM) has been developed and used as a reference method for evaluating a newly developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) for adenosine. Details of the GC-MS-SIM method are presented, along with the comparative results and uncertainties of both methods. General considerations in the statistical analysis of method comparison data are discussed with particular reference to studies using quantitative mass spectrometry as the standard method; the adenosine methods are used as specific examples in this discussion. Simultaneous estimation of the y-intercept and slope of the least squares regression line relating the results of the two methods using the 95% joint confidence ellipse demonstrated the absence of either constant or proportional error between the two methods. The relatively small uncertainty in the GC-MS-SIM measurements had no significant effect on the linear regression. Random error between the two methods was detected, and was estimated by the coefficient of variation in the RIA data as ten percent of the RIA value.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200131206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of vitamins D2 and D3 and seven major metabolites in a single sample of human plasma using gas chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1988), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Selected ion monitoring of vitamin D metabolites has previously been described but there has been only one detailed description of the measurement by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of a number of metabolites in a single plasma sample. We describe here a GC/MS method, using stable isotope labelled internal standards, which allows the estimation of vitamins D2 and D3, and their 25-hydroxy, 24,25-dihydroxy and 25,26-dihydroxy metabolites in a single 2 ml sample of plasma, although more is needed for the measurement of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Plasma was extracted on Bond Elut C18 cartridges and initial fractionation carried out on Sep-Pak SIL. Straight-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was required for separation of polyhydroxylated metabolites prior to GC/MS using an LKB 2091 mass spectrometer with conventional packed columns. n-Butylboronate esters were formed across vicinal hydroxyls, followed by formation of trimethylsilyl ethers using trimethylsilylimidazole. The [M - 90 - 15]+ ion for each compound was monitored. Deuterated internal standards were not available for all metabolites and it was necessary to use (2H6)D3 and (2H6)25OHD3 as standards for the measurement of D2 and D3, and 25OHD3 and 25OHD2, respectively, and (2H6)24,25(OH)2D3 as a standards for 24,25(OH)2D3 and 25,26(OH)2D2. Although the [M - 90 - 15]+ ion of 24,25(OH)2D and 25,26(OH)2D has the same mass: charge ratio, derivatives of these compounds are completely separated in the GC system used. The intra-assay precision for all these assays is usually less than 5%.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200160116
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation, detection, and identification of inositol triphosphate and phytic acid derivatives by supercritical fluid chromatography and SFC-mass spectrometry (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 1 (1989), S. 182-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: supercrirical fluid chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; capillary column ; inositol ; phosphate ; phytic acid ; silyl derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography with flame ionization detection appears promising for the separation and detection of silylated inositol phosphates. Inositol triphosphate and phytic acid, following ion exchange to their fully protonated forms, were silylated in one step with the addition of 9 and 12 trimethylsilyl groups, respectively. The resulting derivatives are well behaved in open-tubular chromatography columns with methyl-silicone stationary phase when CO2 is used as the mobile phase. Both flow-splitting and directinjection methods were evaluated. The identities of the derivatives were confirmed by supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry using chemical ionization with both ammonia and isobutane, and using electron ionization - CO2 charge exchange.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220010405
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological profile of the substituted beta-lactam L-659,286: A member of a new class of human PMN elastase inhibitors (1989)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 39 (1989), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: elastase inhibitors ; β-lactams ; lung damage ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN elastase) is inhibited by L-659, 286 (7α-methoxy-8-oxo-3-[[(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triaz-in-3-yl)thio]methyl]-5-thia-1-aza-6R-bicyclo [4.2.O]oct-2-ene-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide-5,-dioxide) with a Ki of 0.4 μM. This inhibition is time-dependent, rapid, and only slowly reversible, with a t1/2 of 〉 3 days at 25°C. L-659, 286 is also highly selective for PMN elastase, as it does not inhibit thrombin, trypsin, papain, plasmin, chymotrypsin, or cathepsin G. L-659, 286 administered intratracheally inhibits lung damage caused by administration via the same route of human PMN elastase into hamsters. In marmosets, L-659, 286 is cleared from blood very rapidly after an intravenous injection but is recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for several hours after intratracheal administration.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240390106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of metals in oil using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 16 (1987), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oil was chosen as a new sampl type for total reflection XRF. A thin-film sample procedure is described which requires minimal sample preparation. This involves first bringing the oil into solution with a volatile solvent, then pipetting microliter amounts on to the reflector substrate followed by evaporation of the solvent. The linear dynamic range was found to extend to at least 5000 ppm. Detection limit measurements show that minute sample quantities are necessary for optimal detection limits of nanogram amounts. A maximum sample loading is required for the best detection limits in ppm. Using an Mo or Cu X-ray tube, limits were found to be a few ppm or sub-nanogram amounts. The spectrometer was calibrated by an internal standardization method and the results of determinations on sample solutions were typically within 10% relative accuracy.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300160405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C NMR assignments of the isoprenoid chain carbons of retinoids from empirical chemical shift differences (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 25 (1987), S. 1040-1045 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: α-retinal ; α-ethyl retinoate ; α-retinol ; α-retinoic acid ; 3,4-dehydroretinal ; 3,4-dehydroretinol ; ethyl 3,4-dehydroretinoate ; 3,4-dehydroretinoic acid ; 2D heteronuclear-correlated spectroscopy ; APT ; empirical chemical shift calculations ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C NMR assignments have been made for a series of 36 α- and 3,4-dehydroretinoids with different substituents (alcohol, ester, aldehyde and acid) and for their separated E and Z geometrical isomers. The assignments were made by using 2D heteronuclear-correlated NMR experiments. From the chemical shift data of 24 systematically related retinoids, empirical chemical shift changes due to four polar end groups (alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acids and esters), three chain configurations (all-E, 9Z and 13Z), and two ring substitutions (2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl and 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienyl) were determined. All trends were found to be independent of each other, except for the dependence of the chemical shift change of the 13Z-isomers on the polar end groups. The chemical shift changes were used to predict the chemical shifts of other retinoids based on two different ring structures (2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexenyl and 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl).
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260251204
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant tubulin genes: Structure and differential expression during development (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 8 (1987), S. 435-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: tubulin genes ; microtubules ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Microtubules are important components of the cytoskeleton of plant cells and play key roles in plant growth and morphogenesis. Recent molecular studies have begun to elucidate the structure and expression of plant genes coding for the major components of microtubules, α- and β-tubulin. Tubulin amino acid sequences deduced from the DNA sequences of eight higher plant tubulin genes are 79-87% homologous with constitutively expressed mammalian tubulins. The genome of the model plant system Arabidopsis thaliana contains four dispersed α-tubulin sequences and at least seven β-tubulin sequences, only two of which appear to be linked. Of the five A. thaliana genes whose expression has been analyzed, the transcripts of one α-tubulin and one β-tubulin gene are constitutively expressed in roots, leaves, and flowers. A second α-tubulin gene is expressed predominately in flowers; the transcripts of the second and third β-tubulin genes are found predominately in leaves or in roots, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020080511
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of prostaglandins, and other metabolites of arachidonic acid by thermospray HPLC/MS using post column derivatization (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 14 (1987), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermospray HPLC/MS analysis of the metabolites of arachidonic acid proved to be sensitive and specific. The compounds included were hydroxy-fatty acids (5-HETE, 12-HETE, and 15-HETE) and prostaglandins PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, PGA2, PGA1, TXB2, and 6-Keto-PGF1α. Thermospray HPLC/MS analysis allows for simultaneous monitoring of each compound without the need for additional sample preparation or derivatization. The thermospray spectra for the metabolites exhibited [M + NH4]+ ions and fragment ions because of sequential loss of equivalents of H2O. HPLC/MS showed detection limits in the 0.5 to 5 ng range when using multiple ion detection for most of the metabolites. Post-column derivatization of these metabolites using trimethylanilinium hydroxide (TMAH) to form the methyl esters is also presented. This derivatization resulted in a gain in ion current by a factor of 3-6 for most compounds while adding potential specificity to the analysis. The thermospray spectra of the derivatives were nearly identical to the spectra of the free acid except the peaks were incremented by 14 daltons due to the methyl ester formation. The derivatization of the carboxylic acid group proved to be complete under thermospray conditions producing the maximum ion current and causing no compromise in operation of the interface.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200140504
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derivatization to improve thermospray HPLC/MS sensitivity for the determination of prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 14 (1987), S. 523-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivatization of prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 using diethyl amino ethyl chloride and diethyl amino ethyl bromide improved thermospray HPLC/MS sensitivity. The derivatization was evaluated for prostaglandin A1, A2, D2, E2, F1α, F2α, and thromboxane B2. The derivatization reaction, thermospray operating conditions, and mode of detection were optimized to produce the most intense [M + H]+ or [M - H]- ions for the derivative. Derivatization was better than 99% complete in 1 hour at 75°C. No thermal degradation of the prostaglandins was observed. Positive thermospray ionization proved the mode most sensitive, enabling detection from 10 to 300 pg of each prostaglandin under multiple ion detection. The thermospray spectra exhibited intense [M + H]+ ions for the derivative with a few fragment ions from sequential losses of water from the [M + H]+ ion. Detection of a prostaglandin metabolite in plasma over the concentration range from 3 ppm to 30 ppb was possible using this derivatization.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200140908
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