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Digitale Medien

Evaluation of startup and operation of four anaerobic processes treating a synthetic meat waste (1986)

Stephenson, Tom ; Lester, John N.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 372-380

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ISSN: 0006-3592

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung

Notizen: Two continuous stirred tanks reactors (CSTR) and four anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBR) were used to study the treatment of a synthetic meat waste during single-and two-stage anaerobic treatment. Four configurations were investigated; a single-stage CSTR and AFBR and the two-stage systems CSTR-AFBR and AFBR-AFBR. Startup of the anaerobic reactors was achieved within 50 days by use of a regime that included stepped increases in influent COD, methanol substitution of the substrate, and addition of essential trace metals such as cobalt and nickel. Two-stage reactors removed up to 85% of influent COD concentrations of 5000 mg/L, whereas the single-stage AFBR and CSTR removed 76 and 9%, respectively. The proportion of methane in the effluent gases increased as the influent COD concentration was increased. Volumetric production of methane was greatest for the first stage of the AFBR-AFBR system. Solids retention times calculated for the AFBRs ranged from 7 to 12 days, sufficient to support methanogenesis. The AFBRs and two-stage systems were more resistant to an influent pH shock from the operating value of pH 6.8 down to pH 3 than the CSTRs and single-stage reactors. It was concluded that high-rate anaerobic treatment systems were applicable to meat industry wastewaters and that two-stage digestion produced a better quality effluent.

Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260280310

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Digitale Medien

Proton NMR data of some 1,3-benzodithioles (1986)

Park, K. L. ; Stephenson, D. S. ; Gryff-Keller, A. M. ; [weitere]

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

Organic Magnetic Resonance 24 (1986), S. 831-832

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ISSN: 0749-1581

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The 1H NMR spectra of 1,3-benzodithiole and eight derivatives have been analysed. Signals of the protons in positions 4 and 7 are shifted downfield compared with those for the protons in positions 5 and 6. The inter-ring proton-proton couplings have been determined.

Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260240920

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Digitale Medien

NMR study of the monomer - dimer equilibria of dimethylnitrosobenzenes in solution. Identification of mixed azodioxy dimeric species (1989)

Orrell, Keith G. ; Stephenson, David ; Rault, Thierry

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

Organic Magnetic Resonance 27 (1989), S. 368-376

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ISSN: 0749-1581

Schlagwort(e): 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; 2,6-Dimethylnitrosobenzene ; 3,5-Dimethylnitrosobenzene ; Monomer-dimer equilibria ; Mixed azodioxy dimers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The monomer-dimer equilibria of 2,6- and 3,5-dimethylnitrosobenzenes in CDCI3 solution were investigated by 1H and/or 13C NMR spectroscopy. The mixed systems nitrosobenzene + 2,6-dimethylnitrosobenzene and 2,6-dimethylnitrosobenzene + 3,5-dimethylnitrosobenzene were also studied, and mixed azodioxy dimers were identified. In all systems exchange occurs exclusively between dimer and monomer species, rates and activation energies being calculated from time-dependent 1H 1D spectra and/or 1H 2D-EXSY spectra measured at different temperatures.

Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260270413

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Digitale Medien

Study of the monomer-dimer equilibrium of nitrosobenzene using multinuclear one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques (1987)

Orrell, Keith G. ; Šik, Vladimir ; Stephenson, David

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

Organic Magnetic Resonance 25 (1987), S. 1007-1011

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ISSN: 0749-1581

Schlagwort(e): 13C ; 15N ; 17O NMR 13C ; 2D-EXSY ; nitrosobenzene ; activation energies ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The monomer-dimer equilibrium of nitrosobenzene in CDCI3 solution was studied in the temperature range -50 to 30 °C using 13C, 15N and 17O NMR spectroscopy. Decreasing temperature favours the dimeric azodioxy species, and below ca 10 °C both cis and trans dimers were detected in addition to the monomer. The relative abundance of the trans dimer is low (≤6%) at all temperatures and this is the first report of its existence in solution. The monomer and dimer species were characterized by their 13C and 15N shifts, and exchange between them was measured quantitatively by 13C 2D-EXSY spectra. Exchange occurred exclusively between the cis-dimer and monomer and between the trans-dimer and monomer, activation energies, ΔG≠(298.15 K) being 65.8±0.1 and 70.0±0.3 kJ mol-1, respectively.

Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1260251118

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