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  • Articles  (91)
  • Other Sources
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (91)
  • EDP Sciences
  • 1985-1989  (91)
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  • Articles  (91)
  • Other Sources
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Taxonomy of R&D Control Models and Variables Affecting Their Use (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper provides a discussion of dimensions and variables along these dimensions which are believed to be relevant to the control of R&D. Control models gleaned from the literature are compared and classified into a threedimensional taxonomy of control models. The proposed dimensions and the variables associated with them are:Focus (i.e. project, related projects, programs);Technical Effort Measurement (Le. project milestones, program goals, organizational agenda);Financial Orientation (i.e. expense, capital). Of the eighteen potential control models yielded by the taxonomy, nine were found to be reported in use in the literature.In addition, the authors hypothesize that organizational history, profitability, structure, task environment, type of research conducted, and hierarchical level of control are important determinants of the type of control employed in organizations. How these factors influence the control variables employed in organizations is hypothesized and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01307.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creativity in Life Sciences Research (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Studies in the literature on the performance of research scientists have examined a range of organisational factors but have often ignored personality characteristics. The present paper describes the preliminary work in examining personality using the Kirton Adaption-Innovation theory (KAI). In the course of the work, interesting patterns were detected in the sub-factors of which the KAI inventory is composed. This led to the idea of characterising researchers according to one of four types, as determined by the sub-factors of KAI. The paper describes the characteristics of the four types according to their level of creative performance and skills performance and also their level of job satisfaction. It suggests that this characterisation may hold useful insights regarding the deployment of research scientists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01156.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One-dimensional modelling of episodic fracturing: a sensitivity study (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 1 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Episodic fracturing is discussed in relation to both sedimentary deposition rates and lithology, as well as to pressure release criteria and vertical numerical grid sizes of a one-dimensional fluid-flow/ compaction model. It is shown that the evolution of episodic fracturing is a ruggedly stable pattern for fine-scale gridding, and that a critical fracture pressure of around 0.8 of the lithologic overburden is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1989.tb00349.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DISCUSSION“Patterns of Watershed Monthly Runoff,” by W. M. Snyder and A. W. Thomas (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 24 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1988.tb00921.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IDENTIFICATION OF AQUIFER DISPERSIVITIES: METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This paper presents a method for estimating aquifer dispersivities in solute transport models. Sensitivity equations are derived for the calculation of sensitivity coefficients. A modified Gauss-Newton algorithm is used to perform the least-squares minimization. A statistical procedure is outlined to assess reliability of the estimated parameters. The solute transport model is solved by the upstream weighted, multiple cell balance method which combines the concepts of local mass balance and finite element approximations. A one-dimensional solute transport problem in a vertical column system is first used to illustrate the inverse technique. A second example considers the parameter identification problem for three-dimensional solute transport with a unidirectional steady and uniform flow field. The third example solves the parameter identification problem in a three-dimensional, stream-aquifer, solute transport system with steady state flow. Numerical experiments are conducted to study data requirements for parameter identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00833.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REGIONAL APPLICATION OF AN APPROXIMATE STREAMFLOW PARTITIONING METHOD (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The approximate streamflow partitioning method which uses daily rainfall and streamfiow data was applied in Coastal Plain, Coastal Flatwoods, and Southern Piedmont physiographic regions for estimation of the surface and subsurface flow components of total streainflow. Sizes of the watersheds ranged from 9.6 km2 to 1,030 km. Although the streamflow partitioning method was developed and tested on the Coastal Plain physiographic region, results indicate that the procedure can be applied to other physiographic regions where available data are limited to daily values. The effect of channelization on the partitioned flow components in the Coastal Plain and Coastal Flatwoods physiographic areas was also examined. While channelization was found to decrease the storm-time base, it had no significant effect on the relative percentages of the partitioned flow components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00788.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum Measurement (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 480 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb12427.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phytoplankton of an enriched, soft-water lake subject to intermittent hydraulic flushing (Grasmere, English Lake District) (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. The abundance and species composition of the phytoplankton of Grasmere were monitored over a 12-year period following the commissioning of a small sewage treatment works, upstream of the lake.2. Although Grasmere has been subject to increased phosphorus-loading and has quickly developed many features associated with eutrophication, the composition of its plankton has retained the characteristics of a mesotrophic, soft-water lake: a vernal diatom maximum, generally dominated by Asterionella, is followed by summer growths of nanoplanktonic species, of various colonial Chlorophyceae, before a substantial return to Asterionella-dominance in the autumn. In cooler summers there have been episodes of renewed diatom growth. followed by truncated recapitulations of the essential summer sequence. Anabaena solitaria was relatively common in drier summers when dissolved inorganic nitrogen fell to low concentrations, although many of the ‘larger’ algal species associated with stratified eutrophic lakes (Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, Ceratium spp.) have failed to become abundant in Grasmere.3. Mean biomass levels (as indicated by chlorophyll concentration) have increased in response to the enrichment, though they do not conform well with most chlorophyll/phosphorus regression-models.4. The key factor resisting a more complete transition to a typical eutrophic plankton appears to be the efficiency of episodic flushing of the lake during periods of high fluvial discharge sustained by heavy rainfall over the extensive, mountainous catchment. The probabilities that these limnological conditions might fail to deter the development of ‘nuisance’ blooms are briefly assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb00359.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chemical ecology of some British freshwater gastropod molluses: behavioural responses to short chain carboxylic acids and maltose (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. The behavioural responses of six species of British freshwater gastropods to chemical gradients of short chain carboxylic acids (C-2 to C-5, C-8) and maltose were investigated by means of diffusion olfactometers.2. The species were ranked as follows on the basis of the number of significant behavioural responses to the test chemicals: Lymnaea peregra 〉 Planorbis contortus 〉 Physa fontinalis 〉 Planorbis planorbis 〉 Bithynia tentaculata 〉 Planorbis vortex. These differences were not a result of differences in activity but reflect real differences in ehemoreception.3. Propanoate (C-3) was a significant attractant or arrestant to five snail species, C-4, C-8 and maltose to four species and C-5 to three species. Acetate (C-2) was a significant attractant to L. peregra and P. fontinalis but it was the only acid to act as a repellent, to P. planorbis and B. tentaculata.4. Lymnaea peregra continued to respond to repeated butanoate application. Response levels could be enhanced by increasing concentration (minimum thresholds 10-4M to 10−5 M), pH (above 6) and food deprivation.5. The ecological relevance of the results are discussed with particular reference to the distributional patterns of the chemicals and snails and the feeding niches of the latter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb00339.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in stomatal characteristics over the lower surface of Commelina communis leaves (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The silicone rubber impression technique was used to measure stomatal apertures in 9 mm2 sampling areas covering the entire lower surface of leaves of Commelina communis L. The data were analysed using a computer program which produced ‘iso-aperture' contours illustrating local differences in mean stomatal aperture. Little consistency was seen in the iso-aperture patterns among sampling times, although the stomata were always relatively closed at the leaf tip and base. When stomata in the middle of the lamina were open, those near to the leaf margin tended to be relatively closed. In places, gradients of mean stomatal aperture were as high as 1 μm mm−1. Measurements along a transect across the lower epidermis revealed no correlation of stomatal aperture with the presence of major veins in the mesophyll tissue. Variation in guard-cell size and stomatal frequency on the lower leaf surface was also analysed. The guard cells were smallest and the stomata more frequent near to the leaf margins. The significance of the results is discussed in relation to measurements of leaf conductance and models of stomatal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1989.tb01234.x
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