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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of the β2 toxin gene of Clostridium perfringens in diarrhoeic piglets in The Netherlands and Switzerland (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 24 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The two studies presented here were done to determine the prevalence of the α, β, ε and enterotoxin genes and the novel β2 toxin gene of Clostridium perfringens in neonatal or pre-weaned piglets with diarrhoea or necrotic enteritis. All C. perfringens isolates were positive for the α and negative for the ε and enterotoxin gene, implying that only non-enterotoxigenic type A and C strains were detected. The most important findings were the relatively high prevalence of the β2 toxin gene in isolates from diarrhoeic piglets in both studies, and, in one of the two studies, absence of strains with only the α and β toxin gene. These data are supportive for the suggestion of a causal relationship of β2 toxin-producing strains with digestive tract diseases in piglets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01301.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological and functional comparison between Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, C. spiroforme toxin, and anthrax toxins (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 146 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Clostridium perfringens iota and C. spiroforme toxins consist of two separate proteins. One is the binding component and the other the enzymatic component. The two toxins secreted by Bacillus anthracis are composed of binary combinations of three proteins: protective antigen, lethal factor, and edema factor. As shown by Western blotting and ELISA, the binding component of anthrax toxin shares common epitopes with that of iota toxin and C. spiroforme toxin which are closely related immunologically. However, no functional complementation was observed between iota toxin and anthrax toxin components. The binding components can form toxins active on macrophages only in combination with their respective enzymatic components. Agents which prevent acidification of endosomes do not have the same effects on anthrax toxin activity as they do on iota and C. spiroforme toxins. Therefore, the mechanisms of entry into the cells are presumably different. Since the binding components of anthrax toxins and iota toxin share a conserved putative translocation domain, these binding components could have a common mode of insertion into the cell membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10180.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of animal botulism outbreaks by PCR and standard methods (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A double PCR procedure is proposed for identification of Clostridium botulinum C and D. This method consists of a first PCR amplification with a degenerate primer pair able to amplify a 340 bp common DNA fragment from botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) C1 and D genes, followed by two subsequent PCR amplifications with two primer pairs specific for BoNT/C1 and D respectively (198 bp DNA fragment). This method was found to be specific for C. botulinum C and D, amongst 81 strains of C. botulinum and 21 different species of other Clostridium and bacteria tested. The detection limit ranged from 10 to 103 bacteria in the reaction volume according to the C. botulinum C and D strains. In 160 naturally contaminated animal and food samples submitted to a 48 h enrichment culture, the double PCR showed an 89.4% correlation rate with the standard mouse bioassay. A clear distinction between botulism type C and D was obtained. The double PCR provides a reliable alternative for detection and identification of C. botulinum C and D in clinical and food samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1996.tb00252.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytotoxic activity of Clostridium butyricum supernatants induced by butyrate (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 43 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Culture filtrates of 37 Clostridium butyricum strains induced morphological changes in Vero cell monolayers and growth inhibition of MRC5 fibroblasts and Vero cells. Partial purification of culture filtrate showed that the cytotoxic factor was related to butyric acid which is one of the main fermentation end products of C. butyricum. Cytotoxic titer was dependent upon butyric acid concentration. No difference was found between the amounts of butyric acid produced by different strains of C. butyricum isolated from either healthy newborns or newborns with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. The role of butyric acid as a potential virulence factor is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02104.x
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  • 5
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    Soluble Impurities in Four Antarctic Ice Cores Over the Last 30 000 Years (1988)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: The chemical composition of soluble impurities along the Dome C ice core covering approximately the last 30 000 years is reported and interpreted in terms of atmospheric contributions. Terrestrial and sea-salt inputs are known to have been much higher during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than during the Holocene period. For this reason, the gas-derived compounds (mainly H2SO4 and HNO3) which dominate the chemistry of present-day snow are minor components in LGM snow. The exact calculation of each of the various contributions has been made possible by the determination of all major ions (H+, Na+, K+, NH4 +, Mg2+, Ca2+, NO3 −, SO4 2− and Cl−) in the samples. Three additional deep ice cores from other Antarctic areas have also been analyzed, but in a less comprehensive manner than the Dome C core. The differences observed at the four study sites increase the general understanding of the past atmospheric chemistry of the Southern Hemisphere.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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  • 6
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    Soluble Impurities in Four Antarctic Ice Cores Over the Last 30 000 Years (1988)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: The chemical composition of soluble impurities along the Dome C ice core covering approximately the last 30 000 years is reported and interpreted in terms of atmospheric contributions. Terrestrial and sea-salt inputs are known to have been much higher during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than during the Holocene period. For this reason, the gas-derived compounds (mainly H2SO4 and HNO3) which dominate the chemistry of present-day snow are minor components in LGM snow. The exact calculation of each of the various contributions has been made possible by the determination of all major ions (H+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NO3−, SO42− and Cl−) in the samples. Three additional deep ice cores from other Antarctic areas have also been analyzed, but in a less comprehensive manner than the Dome C core. The differences observed at the four study sites increase the general understanding of the past atmospheric chemistry of the Southern Hemisphere.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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