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  • 1
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    Comment on "Giant electromechanical coupling of relaxor ferroelectrics controlled by polar nanoregion vibrations" (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Manley 〈i〉et al.〈/i〉 (〈i〉Science Advances〈/i〉, 16 September 2016, p. e1501814) report the splitting of a transverse acoustic phonon branch below 〈i〉T〈/i〉〈i〉〈sub〉C〈/sub〉〈/i〉 in the relaxor ferroelectric Pb[(Mg〈sub〉1/3〈/sub〉Nb〈sub〉2/3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉1–〈i〉x〈/i〉〈/sub〉Ti〈i〉〈sub〉x〈/sub〉〈/i〉]O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 with 〈i〉x〈/i〉 = 0.30 using neutron scattering methods. Manley 〈i〉et al.〈/i〉 argue that this splitting occurs because these phonons hybridize with local, harmonic lattice vibrations associated with polar nanoregions. We show that splitting is absent when the measurement is made using a different neutron wavelength, and we suggest an alternative interpretation.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Quantum impurities in the two-dimensional spin one-half Heisenberg antiferromagnet (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: The study of randomness in low-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets is at the forefront of research in the field of strongly correlated electron systems, yet there have been relatively few experimental model systems. Complementary neutron scattering and numerical experiments demonstrate that the spin-diluted Heisenberg antiferromagnet La2Cu1-z(Zn,Mg)(z)O4 is an excellent model material for square-lattice site percolation in the extreme quantum limit of spin one-half. Measurements of the ordered moment and spin correlations provide important quantitative information for tests of theories for this complex quantum-impurity problem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vajk, O P -- Mang, P K -- Greven, M -- Gehring, P M -- Lynn, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1691-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Complex species interactions and the dynamics of ecological systems: long-term experiments (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: Studies that combine experimental manipulations with long-term data collection reveal elaborate interactions among species that affect the structure and dynamics of ecosystems. Research programs in U.S. desert shrubland and pinyon-juniper woodland have shown that (i) complex dynamics of species populations reflect interactions with other organisms and fluctuating climate; (ii) genotype x environment interactions affect responses of species to environmental change; (iii) herbivore-resistance traits of dominant plant species and impacts of "keystone" animal species cascade through the system to affect many organisms and ecosystem processes; and (iv) some environmental perturbations can cause wholesale reorganization of ecosystems because they exceed the ecological tolerances of dominant or keystone species, whereas other changes may be buffered because of the compensatory dynamics of complementary species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, J H -- Whitham, T G -- Morgan Ernest, S K -- Gehring, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):643-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. jhbrown@unm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Genotype ; *Gymnosperms ; Moths/physiology ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; *Rodentia/physiology ; Time Factors ; *Trees ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    The medial frontal cortex and the rapid processing of monetary gains and losses (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: We report the observation of neural processing that occurs within 265 milliseconds after outcome stimuli that inform human participants about gains and losses in a gambling task. A negative-polarity event-related brain potential, probably generated by a medial-frontal region in or near the anterior cingulate cortex, was greater in amplitude when a participant's choice between two alternatives resulted in a loss than when it resulted in a gain. The sensitivity to losses was not simply a reflection of detecting an error; gains did not elicit the medial-frontal activity when the alternative choice would have yielded a greater gain, and losses elicited the activity even when the alternative choice would have yielded a greater loss. Choices made after losses were riskier and were associated with greater loss-related activity than choices made after gains. It follows that medial-frontal computations may contribute to mental states that participate in higher level decisions, including economic choices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gehring, William J -- Willoughby, Adrian R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 22;295(5563):2279-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 525 East University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA. wgehring@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Choice Behavior/*physiology ; *Economics ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Female ; Gambling/*psychology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Complex multicolor tilings and critical phenomena in tetraphilic liquid crystals (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: T-shaped molecules with a rod-like aromatic core and a flexible side chain form liquid crystal honeycombs with aromatic cell walls and a cell interior filled with the side chains. Here, we show how the addition of a second chain, incompatible with the first (X-shaped molecules), can form honeycombs with highly complex tiling patterns, with cells of up to five different compositions ("colors") and polygonal shapes. The complexity is caused by the inability of the side chains to separate cleanly because of geometric frustration. Furthermore, a thermoreversible transition was observed between a multicolor (phase-separated) and a single-color (mixed) honeycomb phase. This is analogous to the Curie transition in simple and frustrated ferro- and antiferromagnets; here spin flips are replaced by 180 degrees reorientations of the molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeng, Xiangbing -- Kieffer, Robert -- Glettner, Benjamin -- Nurnberger, Constance -- Liu, Feng -- Pelz, Karsten -- Prehm, Marko -- Baumeister, Ute -- Hahn, Harald -- Lang, Heinrich -- Gehring, Gillian A -- Weber, Christa H M -- Hobbs, Jamie K -- Tschierske, Carsten -- Ungar, Goran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1302-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1193052.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Observation of backward pulse propagation through a medium with a negative group velocity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: The nature of pulse propagation through a material with a negative value of the group velocity has been mysterious, as simple models seem to predict that pulses will propagate "backward" through such a material. Using an erbium-doped optical fiber and measuring the time evolution of the pulse intensity at many points within the fiber, we demonstrate that the peak of the pulse does propagate backward inside the fiber, even though the energy flow is always in the forward direction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gehring, George M -- Schweinsberg, Aaron -- Barsi, Christopher -- Kostinski, Natalie -- Boyd, Robert W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):895-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. gehring@optics.rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Induction of ectopic eyes by targeted expression of the eyeless gene in Drosophila (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-24
    Description: The Drosophila gene eyeless (ey) encodes a transcription factor with both a paired domain and a homeodomain. It is homologous to the mouse Small eye (Pax-6) gene and to the Aniridia gene in humans. These genes share extensive sequence identity, the position of three intron splice sites is conserved, and these genes are expressed similarly in the developing nervous system and in the eye during morphogenesis. Loss-of-function mutations in both the insect and in the mammalian genes have been shown to lead to a reduction or absence of eye structures, which suggests that ey functions in eye morphogenesis. By targeted expression of the ey complementary DNA in various imaginal disc primordia of Drosophila, ectopic eye structures were induced on the wings, the legs, and on the antennae. The ectopic eyes appeared morphologically normal and consisted of groups of fully differentiated ommatidia with a complete set of photoreceptor cells. These results support the proposition that ey is the master control gene for eye morphogenesis. Because homologous genes are present in vertebrates, ascidians, insects, cephalopods, and nemerteans, ey may function as a master control gene throughout the metazoa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halder, G -- Callaerts, P -- Gehring, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 24;267(5205):1788-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/*embryology/*genetics ; Eye/embryology ; Gene Expression Regulation/physiology ; Genes, Homeobox/physiology ; Genes, Insect/*physiology ; Genes, Reporter ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Mutation ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/embryology ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Response: eye evolution (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1996-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gehring, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Apr 26;272(5261):468-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17840653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Kinetics of molecular chaperone action (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-02-18
    Description: Molecular chaperones of the Hsp70 type transiently sequester unfolded segments of proteins and promote their correct folding. Target peptides were labeled with an environmentally sensitive fluorophore so that their binding to the molecular chaperone DnaK of Escherichia coli could be followed in real time. The two-step process was characterized by relaxation times of 27 seconds and 200 seconds with 2 microM DnaK and 0.1 microM ligand at 25 degrees C. In the presence of adenosine triphosphate, the formation of the complex was greatly accelerated and appeared to be a single-exponential process with a relaxation time of 0.4 second. The binding-release cycle of DnaK thus occurs in the time range of polypeptide chain elongation and folding and is too fast to be stoichiometrically coupled to the adenosine triphosphatase activity of the chaperone (turnover number, 0.13 per minute at 30 degrees C).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmid, D -- Baici, A -- Gehring, H -- Christen, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 18;263(5149):971-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biochemisches Institut, Universitat Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8310296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Naphthylamine/analogs & derivatives ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Enzyme Precursors/metabolism ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Fluorescent Dyes ; *HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Homology of the eyeless gene of Drosophila to the Small eye gene in mice and Aniridia in humans (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-05
    Description: A Drosophila gene that contains both a paired box and a homeobox and has extensive sequence homology to the mouse Pax-6 (Small eye) gene was isolated and mapped to chromosome IV in a region close to the eyeless locus. Two spontaneous mutations, ey2 and eyR, contain transposable element insertions into the cloned gene and affect gene expression, particularly in the eye primordia. This indicates that the cloned gene encodes ey. The finding that ey of Drosophila, Small eye of the mouse, and human Aniridia are encoded by homologous genes suggests that eye morphogenesis is under similar genetic control in both vertebrates and insects, in spite of the large differences in eye morphology and mode of development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quiring, R -- Walldorf, U -- Kloter, U -- Gehring, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 5;265(5173):785-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, University of Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7914031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Aniridia/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA Transposable Elements/physiology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Drosophila/embryology/*genetics ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Eye/chemistry ; Eye Proteins ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; Humans ; Larva/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/physiology ; Repressor Proteins ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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