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  • Springer  (229)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (31)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (20)
  • National Academy of Sciences  (13)
  • Geological Society of London  (7)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1985-1989  (306)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: spotted alfalfa aphid ; Therioaphis trifolii ; aphid-resistant plants ; lucerne = alfalfa ; Medicago sativa ; variation ; bioassay ; antibiosis non-preference ; inter-plant movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude de la multiplication initiale des effectifs de T. trifolii, élevés au laboratoire sur pousses de différents pieds de luzerne, a servi de test d'antibiose pour les cultures en plein champ. La distribution de l'antibiose, dans des échantillons importants de plantes appartenant à des cultivars sélectionnés pour leur résistance aux pucerons, a présenté une forme en J, c'est-à-dire que la majorité des plantes était très résistante, quelques unes apparemment sensibles, et un certain nombre intermédiaires entre ces deux extrêmes. Pour un niveau donné d'antibiose, la reproduction, la mortalité et ainsi la distribution initiale en âges dans les populations de pucerons ont été généralement identiques. La multiplication végétative de plantes présentant un gradient de résistance à l'intérieur d'un cultivar et l'utilisation d'un plan de distribution des boutures ont permis l'étude de ce qui semble être l'effet de l'hétérogénéité spatiale sur la résistance des cultures aux attaques de pucerons. La simulation d'une invasion de la culture par les pucerons en plaçant des adulte sur toutes les boutures d'un rang ne pouvait donner une explication de la croissance de la population que si les pucerons se déplacaient le long du rang pour découvrir et exploiter les pieds les plus sensibles. Une distribution par taches, comme on peut l'envisager dans un champ, ne devrait pas gêner les pucerons, car bien que les mouvements d'évasion soient stimulés par les niveaux de résistance élevés (de non-préférence), on peut en déduire que les pucerons se déplaceront sur des plantes très résistantes, eventuellement pour atteindre des plantes moins résistantes placées derriere.
    Notes: Abstract Initial population growth of spotted alfalfa aphid reared on shoots cut from individual lucerne plants, was tested and used as a realistic bioassay of antibiosis. Within cultivars selected for aphid-resistance there was a J-shaped distribution of antibiosis between plants of the crop, the majority being highly resistant, a few apparently susceptible and a proportion partly-resistant. For a given level of antibiosis, reproduction, mortality and thus initial age distribution of aphid populations were generally similar. Vegetative cloning of plants from the range of resistance available in a cultivar has allowed studies of the likely effect of spatial variation of resistance in crops on aphid infestations, using experimental arrays of cut shoots. Simulation of aphid invasion of crops by the placement of adults on all shoots of an array gave results explicable only if the aphids moved through the array to find and breed on the more susceptible plants. A patchy arrangement of these, as might be expected in a field crop, would not hinder the aphids, for although movement off a plant is stimulated by higher resistance (non-preference) levels, it was inferred that aphids will move onto higher resistance plants, eventually to reach lower resistance plants beyond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 49 (1988), S. 75-82 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphid-resistance ; lucerne ; alfalfa ; Medicago sativa ; spotted alfalfa aphid ; Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata ; antibiosis ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In autumn 1981 there were widespread reports of a reduced level of antibiosis in lucerne crops and field trials where cultivars selected for resistance to the aphid, Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata, had been used. On our field trial, the plot of ‘CUF 101’ lucerne was infested to a level about 40% of that on the aphid-susceptible ‘Hunter River’, compared with an average of about 3% over the two years before and the two years after. An experimental study of possible causes using a bioassay technique on cloned plants representing the spectrum of resistance in CUF 101 indicated that loss of resistance was temporary and occurred apparently randomly among the tests, but that certain treatments increase the frequency of its occurrence. Lowered temperatures and the use of either young regrowth or senescent lucerne, each increased the frequency of loss of resistance. Inundation of lucerne by large numbers of aphids did not affect the expression of resistance directly, but the few progeny that survived to adulthood on partly-resistance lucerne were habituated and were then able to interact with the plants to increase the apparent frequency of breakdown of resistance. Plants which showed the loss of resistance developed aphid populations between 4x ad 25x those when they expressed their normal resistance level. Investigations suggest that the situation in autumn 1981 may have been the result of a prolonged and massive immigration of aphids into lucerne crops, which, on the aphid resistant cultivars allowed surviving aphids to exploit maximally the combined effects of factors causing some loss of resistance.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 17 (1985), S. 385-387 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Adult female whitespotted sawyers Monochamus scutellatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were placed on succeeding days with two males differing visibly in size. Females showed a significant preference for the larger of two males. The rate of oviposition was significantly higher when the female was paired with the larger male. Both the rate of movement by the paired female and her rate of indicating non-receptivity were significantly lower when the female was paired with the larger male. This species exhibits resource defense polygyny, and females appear to choose mates mainly on the basis of the quality of resources defended. This study suggests, however, that when resource quality is constant, females choose mates on the basis of their size.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 871-873 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Current deep level transient spectroscopy was applied using enhancement n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors fabricated in silicon-on-insulator substrates (prepared by oxygen implantation) to study the deep levels existing in the substrates. The current transients are not affected by the large series resistances which affect the measurement of capacitance transients on thin films. For the transistors used in this work a hole trap was found with energy ET=0.63 eV above the valence-band edge. The concentration and capture cross section of this state were estimated to be 1014 cm−3 and 10−16 cm2, respectively.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetoquantum oscillations in the tunnel current of double-barrier n-GaAs/(AlGa)As/GaAs/(AlGa)As/GaAs resonant tunneling devices reveal evidence of sequential tunneling in the voltage range corresponding to the resonance when electrons tunnel into the second subband of the GaAs quantum well. The sequential tunneling arises from intersubband scattering between two quasi-bound states of the well. Near this resonance, the charge buildup in the well can be estimated from the magnetoquantum oscillations.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 1323-1325 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the time and temperature dependence of the two prominent instability mechanisms in amorphous silicon thin-film transistors, namely, the creation of metastable states in the a-Si:H and the charge trapping in the silicon nitride gate insulator. The state creation process shows a power law time dependence and is thermally activated. The charge trapping process shows a logarithmic time dependence and has a very small temperature dependence. The results for the state creation process are consistent with a model of Si dangling bond formation in the bulk a-Si:H due to weak SiSi bond breaking stabilized by diffusive hydrogen motion. The logarithmic time dependence and weak temperature dependence for the charge trapping in the nitride suggest that the charge injection from the a-Si:H to the nitride is the rate limiting step and not subsequent conduction in the nitride.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An aerosol flow reactor operating at 900–1000 °C is used to prepare high-purity Y1Ba2Cu3O7 powders with a uniform chemical composition and a submicron to micron average particle size by thermally decomposing aerosol droplets of a solution consisting of the nitrate salts of Y, Ba, and Cu in a 1:2:3 ratio. The powders were at least 99% reacted based on thermogravimetric analysis, and the x-ray diffraction pattern is essentially that of Y1Ba2Cu3O7. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed the powders to be superconducting with a transition at 90 K even for average reactor residence times as short as 20 s. Sintering cold-pressed pellets between 900 and 1000 °C provides dense, fine grained (average size on the order of 1 μm) superconducting ceramics with sharp 90 K transitions. The grain size and shape of a final sintered part could be varied depending on powder production, processing, and sintering conditions.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 2282-2288 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In technical materials a critical step leading to complete macroscopic failure is not the nucleation of cracks in isolated grains, but instead the transmission of rupture from grain to grain until the entire cross section is traversed. It is difficult, in general, to employ the usual microscopic observations which could provide the keys to a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of this problem. It is shown herein that monochromatic synchrotron radiation can be used to provide Bragg angular contour maps in a rapid and precise manner. These maps enable one to quantify the local strain field tensor associated with crack nucleation and propagation through a grain boundary. Based on this analysis it is then a straightforward process to determine the other mathematical properties usually associated with second rank tensors which lead to assessment of critical parameters for crack transmission at the boundary. The application of this analytical technique is experimentally demonstrated by studies of crack formation at grain boundaries in zinc bicrystals.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 6839-6844 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It has been discovered that palladium-gated metal-insulator-silicon Schottky barrier diodes are very sensitive to fluxes of energetic protons in high vacuum. Data on the dosimetric response of the diodes to energetic protons are presented, along with data on the subsequent decay in the induced signal. A model for the response is developed, based on the response of similar structures to partial pressures of molecular hydrogen. The model involves adsorption sites at both the external Pd surface and the interface between Pd and SiO2, as well as known H absorption properties of bulk Pd. The sensitivity at 300 K of our diodes is about 109 protons (1011 cm−2). The inventory of protons stored in the bulk Pd, the surface, and at the interface indicates that the areal site density for the surface and interface is about 1015 cm−2.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 4308-4310 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-of-flight photoconductivity measurements were performed on HgI2 using a penetrating, pulsed x-ray source, simulating the operation of photoconductive x-ray detectors. By examining a variety of HgI2 samples, a wide range of electron and hole mobilities were observed, but in all cases hole transport was highly localized, limiting the collection of the photocarriers in HgI2 detectors. The intrinsic photocarrier generation and recombination processes differed from classical Onsager and Langevin mechanisms observed in low-mobility photoconductors.
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