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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (836)
  • 1985-1989  (836)
  • 1920-1924
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 251-267 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper reviews the literature concerning the measurement of friction coefficients (μ) for elastomers and summarizes our data measured under static or breakaway conditions against epoxy painted steel using ∼ 176 psi contact pressure. Although largely related to missile launch system applications, the μ values presented are specific for interface pairs, normal loading force, and speed. Therefore, this article should serve as a starting point for those requiring specific friction data for selected elastomers.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3145-3149 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 26 (1988), S. 17-24 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 2529-2535 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aqueous pseudoheterogeneous polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the absence and presence of some metal chlorides or sulfates was carried out in nitrogen atmosphere at 40°C using sodium bisulfite as initiator. The metal chlorides or sulfates were found to catalyze the rate of polymerization of methyl methacrylate to different extents. The highest effect was obtained in the presence of copper salts, a moderate effect was obtained when iron salts were used, and the least effect was caused by the others. All 13C-NMR spectra for the polymers obtained in the absence and presence of some metal salts were those to be expected for radically initiated poly(methyl methacrylate)s of conventional, slightly syndiotactic-rich microstructures prepared at normal temperature. The spectra were found to be very similar to that for a radical poly(methyl methacrylate) first analyzed by Inoue et al. The ratios of isotactic (mm): heterotactic (mr,rm): syndiotactic (rr) triads were found to be close to 6 : 32 : 62. The polydispersity for some poly(methyl methacrylate)s determined by gel permeation chromatography technique was found here to vary rather widely and ranges between 1.8 and 8.92.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 1285-1294 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of electrically conducting pyrrole “black” polymers has been prepared by chemical oxidation of pyrrole with a variety of ferric salts. The synthesis and properties of these materials are described and compared with electrochemically-prepared analogs. Pyrrole “blacks” with strong acid anion “dopants” exhibited the highest conductivities, up to 62 Ω cm-1 for the triflate-doped polymer. The adjustability and ease of synthesis of the ferric-derived polypyrroles render these particularly promising for large-scale processing of conducting polymers.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 198-205 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Mangan auf die Hochtemperaturoxidation von Eisen-Chrom-LegierungenDas Oxidationsverhalten von manganhaltigen Fe-28% Cr-Legierungen in Sauerstoff bei 800 und 1000°C wurde untersucht. Das zusätzliche Legierungselement hat einen negativen Einfluß auf die Oxidationsbeständigkeit, da unter isothermen Bedingungen die Geschwindigkeit des Zunderwachstums und die Häufigkeit der Zerstörung der Zunderschicht erhöht ist. Dieses Verhalten ist weitgehend bedingt durch die verhältnismäßig hohe Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit von Mangan durch den Cr2O3-Zunder in Verbindung mit der Bildung von MnCr2O4-Spinell an der äußeren Zunderoberfläche. Der Zunder auf der Legierung Fe 28 Cr 1 Mn besteht aus einer Schicht Cr2O3 mit geringem Mangangehalt und einer äußeren Schicht des Oxids vom Spinelltyp. Während der frühen Stadien der Oxidation entsteht auch eine innere Spinellschicht, die jedoch wegen der Diffusion des Mangans in die äußere Schicht fast vollständig verschwindet. Ein ähnlicher Zunder entsteht auf Fe 26 Cr 5 Mn, doch wird dabei wegen der höheren Mangankonzentration eine beträchtliche Menge Mangan in den inneren Bereichen der Zunderschicht zurückbehalten. Insgesamt ist die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit der Zunderschicht bei dieser Legierung wesentlich höher als die auf der Legierung Fe 28 Cr order der 1% Mn enthaltenden Legierung.
    Notes: An investigation has been undertaken into the oxidation behaviour of manganese-containing Fe-28% Cr alloys in oxygen at 800° and 1000°C. The presence of the tertiary element has a detrimental effect on the oxidation resistance, resulting in enhanced scale-growth rates during isothermal exposure and increased incidences of scale failure at temperature. This is largely due to relatively rapid rates of diffusion of manganese across the Cr2O3 scale and formation of MnCr2O4 spinel on its outer surface. The scale on Fe-28% Cr-1% Mn consists of a layer of Cr2O3, containing a small concentration of manganese, with an outer layer of the spinel oxide. During the early stages, an inner layer of the spinel also develops, but, eventually, this almost completely disappears as the manganese diffuses into the outer scale. A similar scale forms on Fe-26% Cr-5% Mn, but the higher manganese concentration enables a significant amount of this element to be retained in the inner regions. The overall growth rate of the scale is significantly faster than on Fe-28% Cr or the 1% Mn-containing alloy.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 393-398 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibierung des örtlichen Angriffs der Aluminiumlegierung AA 6351 in Glykol-Wasser-LösungenEine frühere Untersuchung hatte gezeigt, daß bei Einwirkung gebrauchter (teilweise zersetzter) Lösungen von Propylenglykol in Wasser (1:1 Vol., 80°C, 60 d) oder von kochenden Lösungen von Propylenglykol in Wasser (30 d) die Aluminiumlegierung AA 6351 (Richtanalyse: 1% Si, 0,6% Mg, 0,3% Mn, Rest Al) örtlich stark angegriffen wird.Bei der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde die Zersetzung dadurch erzeugt, daß die Propylenglykol/Wasser-Lösung in Kontakt mit der Legierung AA 6351 30 Tage lang am Sieden gehalten wurde. Der beobachtete örtliche Angriff ist hauptsächlich durch Kupferionen bedingt, die bei der Auflösung der Aluminiumlegierung (0,07% Cu) entstehen und bei der Abscheidung auf dem Aluminium als punktförmige kathodische Bereiche fungieren.Mit der vorliegenden Untersuchung sollte festgestellt werden, ob es möglich ist, die Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit der Legierung AA 6351 durch Zugabe von Inhibitoren zur Lösung zu verbessern. Verwendet wurden dazu zwei anorganische Salze (Natriummolybdat und Natriumwolframat) sowie zwei Pyridinderivate (2-Aminopyrimidin und 2-Hydroxypyrimidin), deren Wirksamkeit mit kurzzeitigen elektrochemischen Versuchen (galvanische Kopplung und Aufnahme von Polarisationskurven) sowie durch Langzeitversuche unter die Lochkorrosion fördernden Bedingungen ermittelt wurde.Aufgrund der Ergebnisse hemmen die anorganischen Salze und 2-Aminopyrimidin die örtliche Korrosion sowohl in teilweise zersetzten Lösungen bei 80°C als auch in reiner kochender Lösung während ziemlich langer Zeiträume.Die Kurzzeitversuche lassen vermuten, daß die beiden anorganischen Salze die elektrochemischen Prozesse sowohl auf der Legierungsoberfläche als auch an den durch Ausscheidung von Kupfer entstandenen kathodischen Bereichen verzögern, während die Wirksamkeit des 2-Aminopyrimidins seiner Fähigkeit zur Komplexbildung mit gelösten Kupferionen zuzuschreiben ist, die auf diese Weise stabil gelöst bleiben, 2-Hydroxypyrimidin hemmt den örtlichen Angriff von AA 6351 nicht.
    Notes: A previous study had shown that exposure to degraded propylene glycol(PG)/water solution (1:1 in volume) at 80°C for 60 days or to boiling PG/water solution for 30 days induce remarkable localized attack on aluminium alloy AA 6351 (nominal composition: 1% Si, 0.6% Mg, 0.3% Mn, balance Al).In the present work degradation of the solution was achieved by holding the PG/water solution at its boiling temperature for 30 days in contact with AA 6351.The observed localized attack was mainly attributed to the action of copper ions dissolved from the aluminium alloy (copper content = 0.07%) and then deposited as small spots acting as efficient cathodic areas.The objective of this work was to examine the feasibility of enhancing pitting resistance of AA 6351 by adding suitable inhibitors to the solutions. The compounds used were two inorganic salts: sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate and two derivatives of pyrimidine: 2-aminopyrimidine (2AP) and 2-hydroxypyrimidine (2HP). The inhibiting efficiencies of these substances were tested by both short-time electrochemical tests (galvanic coupling tests and polarization curves) and long-time immersions under experimental conditions causing the localized attack. Molybdate, tungstate and, to some extent, also 2AP efficiently inhibit AA 6351 localized corrosion in degraded solutions at 80°C and in pure boiling solutions, for long exposure periods.The short-time electrochemical tests suggest that molybdate and tungstate are able to retard the electrochemical processes occurring on both the aluminium alloy and the small copper cathodic area produced by copper deposition. On the other hand, the 2AP efficiency is attributed to some complexing capability of this pyrimidine derivative towards dissolved copper ions, that are stabilized in solution. 2HP does not prevent AA 6351 localized attack.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 38 (1987), S. 521-531 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bildung von siliciumhaltigen Oxiden bei der Oxidation von Eisen-Chrom-LegierungenDer Einfluß von Silicon auf die Oxidation von Fe 14 Cr und Fe 28 Cr wurde bei hoher Temperatur untersucht; dabei wurde besonders die Bildung und Art der selbstheilenden SiO2-Schichten berücksichtigt. Im allgemeinen ist Silicium als Legierungszusatz in solchen Legierungen weniger wirksam als Aluminium bei der Verbesserung der Oxidationsbeständigkeit, denn SiO2-Schichten wachsen langsamer als α-Al2O3-Schichten. Silicium ist daher als sekundäres Gettermaterial für Sauerstoff weniger wirksam, und die Bildung einer geschlossenen selbstheilenden SiO2-Schicht erfordert längere Zeit als die Bildung einer α-Al2O3-Schicht auf einer entspannenden aluminiumhaltigen Legierung. Trotzdem führt Zusatz von nur 1% Si zu einer deutlichen Verringerung der globalen Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit von Fe 28 Cr, vor allem deshalb, weil dann die Bildung des Cr2O3-Zunders erleichtert ist. Dabei entstehen an der Grenzfläche zwischen Legierung und Zunder SiO2-Ausscheidungen, die nach innen und seitlich wachsen, bis sie nach mehreren 100 Stunden bei 1000°C zu einer kontinuierlichen selbstheilenden Schicht an der Grenzfläche zusammengewachsen sind. Im Falle der Legierung Fe 14 Cr 3 Si sind die Verhältnisse ähnlich, während auf der Legierung Fe 14 Cr 10 Si wegen der hohen Verfügbarkeit des Siliciums die SiO2-Schicht in wesentlich kürzerer Zeit entsteht. Diese selbstheilende Schicht konnte in allen Fällen als amorphes SiO2 identifiziert werden. Diese Phase ist zwar bei isothermischer Oxidation gut schützend, ist jedoch eine Schwachstelle beim Abkühlen: dabei kommt es zu umfangreichen Abplatzungen der kontinuierlichen SiO2-Schicht, gekennzeichnet durch kohäsive Rißbildung innerhalb der Schicht.Ionenimplantation von Silicium in Fe 14 Cr und Fe 28 Cr verringert die Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit dadurch, daß dann die Bildung des Cr2O3-Zunders rascher erfolgt. Gleichzeitiges Implantieren von Yttrium in die FeCrSi-Legierungen erleichtert die Bildung der siliciumhaltigen Oxidschicht, möglicherweise durch die Beeinflussung der Keimbildung der Oxidausscheidungen während der Anfangsstadien der Korrosion.
    Notes: The influence of silicon on the oxidation of Fe-14% Cr and Fe-28% Cr has been studied at high temperature, with particular emphasis on the development and nature of the healing SiO2 layer. In general, silicon is a less effective addition than aluminium to these alloys in improving oxidation resistance because SiO2 grows at a lower rate than α-Al2O3. Hence, silicon is a less successful oxygen secondary getter and development of a complete healing layer of SiO2 is less rapid than that of α-Al2O3 on a corresponding aluminium-containing alloy. Nonetheless, the addition of only 1% Si to Fe-28% Cr causes a marked reduction in the overall oxidation rate, particularly by facilitating development of the Cr2O3 scale. Precipitates of SiO2 form at the alloy/scale interface. These grow inwards and laterally until they eventually link up to establish a continuous healing layer at the interface after several hundred hours exposure at 1000°C. Similar features are observed for Fe-14% Cr-3% Si but the healing SiO2 layer develops after a much shorter time for Fe-14% Cr-10% Si, due to the high silicon availability. In every case, the healing layer has been shown to be amorphous SiO2. Although this phase is very protective during isothermal oxidation, it is a site of weakness during cooling and scale spallation is very extensive from specimens where the SiO2 is continuous, with failure occurring cohesively within that layer.Ion implantation of silicon into Fe-14% Cr and Fe-28% Cr gives a reduced oxidation rate due to facilitation of a more rapid establishment of a Cr2O3 scale. Similar implantation of yttrium into the ternary alloys assists in development of the silicon-containing oxide layer, possibly associated with an influence on the nucleation of the oxide precipitates in the early stages of exposure.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 26 (1987), S. 1667-1689 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Raman spectra of the bacteriophage T4 denaturing protein gp32, its complex with the polynucleotides poly(rA), poly(dA), poly(dT), poly(rU), and poly(rC), and with the oligonucleotides (dA)8 and (dA)2, were recorded and interpreted. According to an analysis of the gp32 spectra with the reference intensity profiles of Alix and co-workers [M. Berjot, L. Marx, and A. J. P. Alix (1985) J. Ramanspectrosc., submitted; A. J. P. Alix, M. Berjot, and J. Marx (1985) in Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules, A. J. P. Alix, L. Bernard, and M. Manfait, Eds., pp. 149-154], 1 gp32 contains ≈ 45% helix, ≈ 40% β-sheet, and 15% undefined structure. Aggregation of gp32 at concentrations higher than 40 mg/mL leads to a coordination of the phenolic OH groups of 4-6 tyrosines and of all the sulfhydryl (SH) groups present in the protein with the COO- groups of protein. The latter coordination persists even at concentrations as low as 1 mg/mL. In polynucleotide-protein complexes the nucleotide shields the 4-6 tyrosine residues from coordination by the COO- groups even at high protein concentration. The presence of the nucleotide causes no shielding of the SH groups. With Raman difference spectroscopy it is shown that binding of the protein to a single-stranded nucleotide involves both tyrosine and trytophan residues. A change in the secondary structure of the protein upon binding is observed. In the complex, gp32 contains more β-sheet structure than when uncomplexed. A comparison of the spectra of complexed poly(rA) and poly(dA) with the spectra of their solution conformations at 15°C reveals that in both polynucleotides the phosphodiester vibration changes upon complex formation in the same way as upon a transition from a regular to a more disordered conformation. Distortion of the phosphate-sugar-base conformation occurs upon complex formation, so that the spectra of poly(rA) and poly(dA) are more alike in the complex than they are in the free polynucleotides. The decrease in intensity of the Raman bands at 1304 cm-1 in poly(rA), at 1230 cm-1 in poly(rU), and at 1240 and 1378 cm-1 of poly(dT) may be indicative of increased stacking interactions in the complex. No influence of the nucleotide chain length upon the Raman spectrum of gp322 in the complex was detected. Both the nucleotide lines and the protein lines in the spectrum of a complex are identical in poly(dA) and (dA)8.
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