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  • 1
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    Observing system simulation experiments at NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-04
    Description: A series of realistic simulation studies is being conducted as a cooperative effort between the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the National Meteorological Center (NMC), and the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA), to provide a quantitative assessment of the potential impact of future observing systems on large scale numerical weather prediction. A special objective is to avoid the unrealistic character of earlier simulation studies. Following a brief review of previous simulation studies and real data impact tests, the methodology for the current simulation system will be described. Results from an assessment of the realism of the simulation system and of the potential impact of advanced observing systems on numerical weather prediction and preliminary results utilizing this system will be presented at the conference.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Proceedings of the NASA Symposium on Global Wind Measurements; p 65-71
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  • 2
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    Cloud and moisture fields derived from the GLA retrievals of HIRS2/MSU data (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The GLA retrieval scheme for the analysis of HIRS and MSU radiances is applied to derive cloud and humidity fields from the HIRS2/MSU data for June 1979. For the retrieval of cloud fraction and cloud top pressure, the original algorithm of Susskind et al. (1983) and Susskind et al. (1984) was improved. The derived profiles of the monthly mean fields of cloud fraction and cloud top pressure clearly show the intertropical convergence zone, with the most intense convection in the monsoonal region of the southern Asia and over Central America, which show up as containing the highest cloud top levels and largest cloud amount. For the retrieval of humidity profiles, which are not one of the products of the original processing system, a new algorithm was derived.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 3
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    Determination of water vapor profiles and total ozone burden from HIRS2/MSU sounding data (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Algorithms for determining total ozone content and humidity from HIRS2/MSU data are examined. The methods are based on the ability to accurately model the response of a given channel to changes in a given atmospheric component. The steps of the iterative relaxation method for determining atmospheric water vapor and ozone content are described. Examples of retrieved fields of total ozone and precipitable water are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 4
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    Simulation studies of the impact of future observing systems on weather prediction (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The features and preliminary results from a simulation system being implemented to develop realistic estimates of the impacts future data acquisition systems will have on large-scale numerical weather simulation are described. The new instruments may include advanced passive IR and microwave satellite sensors, as well as active scatterometer and lidar sounders. A main goal of the impact study is to identify those sensor systems which will provide the most benefit. The realism of the study is being enhanced by assimilating as much real-world data as possible and generating global weather maps for comparison with maps generated on the bases on the projected new, higher resolution data. Early results have indicated a preference for higher resolution wind data than for temperature data for making 1-5 day forecasts. The prime instrument candidate for collecting the data is lidar, provided the sensor resolution design goals are met.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 5
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    First-guess dependence of a physically based set of temperature-humidity retrievals from HIRS2/MSU data (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The first-guess dependence of temperature and humidity fields retrieved from HIRS2/MSU data using the GLA (Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres) physically based retrieval scheme is examined. Retrievals were performed over the ALPEX region for two successive synoptic periods, 1200 UTC March 4 and 00000 UTC March 5, 1982, using three different initial guesses for each period. Results show rather low first-guess dependence for the thickness fields and larger first-guess dependence for the precipitable water fields, especially close to the surface. The humidity retrieval algorithm used is described. The processing system has the property of maintaining the accuracy of a good guess and improving a poor one for both thickness and precipitable water at all levels.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (ISSN 0739-0572); 5; 70-83
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  • 6
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    Satellite observation of atmosphere and surface interaction parameters (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Atmosphere and ocean surface parameters are being derived from weather satellite data acquired by the High Resolution Infrared Sounder and the Microwave Sounding Unit. In this paper, the global distribution and accuracy of the derived parameters are described, and the satellite-derived skin surface temperature is compared with available shelter temperature. Seasonal and interannual changes are examined to study the response time of large-scale atmospheric changes to changes in surface conditions.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 7; 11, 1; 111-117
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  • 7
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    Cloud fields retrieved from analysis of HIRS2/MSU sounding data (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The methods used to determine effective cloud fraction (cloud fraction times cloud emissivity at 11-14 microns) and cloud top pressure from analysis of HIRS2/MSU sounding data are described. Identical procedures are used day and night so as to allow for meaningful day-night difference fields. Results are shown for June 1979. The monthly mean effective cloud fraction is 43.4 percent, resulting from a 45.2 percent value at 0300 LT and 41.6 percent at 1500 LT. The retrieved single-day cloud field for June 11 shows good agreement with high spatial resolution visible and infrared imagery.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 4035-405
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  • 8
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    Improved Cloud and Surface Fields Derived from HIRS2/MSU (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: The methods to retrieve cloud parameters from HIRS2/MSU data have been shown to produce qualitatively reasonable cloud fields but to underestimate cloud amount. Improvements have been made to the cloud algorithm which allow for better determination of low clouds. These improvements involve retrieving cloud fields at a higher spatial resolution, which decreases the problems arising from multiple layer clouds, and increasing the number of channels used to determine the cloud parameters from 2 15 microns lower tropospheric sounding channels to 5 channels, including the 11 microns window and 2 15 microns mid and upper tropospheric sounding channels. The use of the 11 microns window channel was very important in identifying low level clouds.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Res. Rev., 1983; p 19-20
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Determination of cloud fields from analysis of HIRS2/MSU sounding data (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: IR and microwave remote sensing data collected with the HIRS2 and MSU sensors on the NOAA polar-orbiting satellites were evaluated for their effectiveness as bases for determining the cloud cover and cloud physical characteristics. Techniques employed to adjust for day-night alterations in the radiance fields are described, along with computational procedures applied to compare scene pixel values with reference values for clear skies. Sample results are provided for the mean cloud coverage detected over South America and Africa June 1979, with attention given to concurrent surface pressure and cloud top pressure values.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 10
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    Tuning of cloud parameterizations for radiative heating calculations in GCMs using satellite IR sounding data (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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