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  • Springer  (616)
  • 1985-1989  (387)
  • 1970-1974  (173)
  • 1960-1964  (33)
  • 1940-1944  (8)
  • 1925-1929  (15)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Aflatoxin miniassay ; Fluorescence analysis ; Aspergillus flavus ; Aspergillus parasiticus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A convenient miniassay for aflatoxin has been developed for cultures ofAspergillus flavus andA. parasiticus grown for 3–10 days in 10 ml of a coconut extract medium. The sensitivity of the assay, as measured by photofluorometry (365 nm maximum excitation; 445 nm maximum emission), is of the order of 0.01 μM (3.12 ng/ml) for aflatoxin B1 dissolved in aqueous iodine (0.26 mM). High performance liquid chromatography, monitored by fluorometric analysis of both an aflatoxin B1 standard and selected culture filtrates, confirmed the sensitivity of the assay and indicated specificity for iodine-enhanced fluorescence of aflatoxin in the coconut extract medium. Thin layer chromatography further confirmed the aflatoxin titers and the specificity for enhancement of aflatoxins B1 and G1 in culture filtrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 6 (1974), S. 224-228 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 3 (1989), S. 97-110 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: ARMA processes ; fractionally differencedARMA processes ; long memory ; spectral density ; maximum likelihood estimates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A class of regression type estimators of the parameterd in a fractionally differencedARMA (p, q) process is introduced. This class is an extension of the estimator considered by Geweke and Porter-Hudak. In a simulation study, we compared three estimators from this class together with two approximate maximum likelihood estimators which are based on two separate approximations to the likelihood. One approximation ignores the determinant term in the likelihood and the other includes a compensating factor for the determinant. When the determinant term is included, the estimate tends to be much less biased and is in general superior to the other estimate. The approximate maximum likelihood estimator out performed, by a large margin, the regression type estimators for pureARIMA (0,d,0) processes. However, forARIMA (1,d,1) processes, a regression type estimator turned out to be the best for realizations of length 400 in 3 out of the 5 cases we tried.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 38 (1987), S. 299-313 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65D05 ; 41A10 ; Interpolation ; local piecewise polynomials ; ratio slope
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Satz diskreter Datenwerte über dem Intervall [a, b], der eine Funktiong (x) repräsentiert, wird stückweise durch lokal definierte kubische Polynome interpoliert. Die entstehende Interpolationsfunktion hat folgende Eigenschaften: sie ist monoton und/oder konvex und repräsentiert alle durch die Daten vorgegebenen Wendepunkte, wobei keine zusätzlichen Wendepunkte erzeugt werden. Das Approximationsverfahren wird in Form eines FORTRAN 77-Unterprogramms angegeben.
    Notes: Abstract The interpolation of a discrete set of data, on the interval [a, b], representing the functiong(x) is obtained using a local piecewise polynomial of order 3. This piecewise cubic interpolant has the following properties: monotonicity and/or convexity or turning points that are present in the data are preserved and no extraneous turning points are created. This approximation method is also presented in the form of a FORTRAN77 subroutine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Mathematical model ; Laser surgery ; Optical fibres ; Tumours ; Thermal diffusion ; Multiple fibres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model is employed to discuss the region treated by local hyperthermia, when the source of heat is a laser whose energy is directed into the treatment region through four optical fibres ending at the corners of a square. If treatment is over a period that is substantially longer than the time for the temperature distribution to reach equilibrium, a steady state model using four point sources can be employed to obtain a general idea of the temperatures reached and the region treated for different power levels and sizes of square. For shorter times, and for more accurate estimation of the regions treated, numerical calculation on a computer is essential. The details of the calculation depend on individual cases, but we demonstrate here that such computations are possible, and present a series of typical results. A comparison is made with the results of a series of experiments on canine liver, showing that it is possible to obtain good qualitative and numerical agreement.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 20 (1970), S. 553-564 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Techniques are discussed for obtaining bivalve embryos and larvae throughout the year by inducing gonad development in adults during winter and spring and retarding spawning until late fall and early winter. 2. Development of routine methods for rearing larvae is described and data are presented on the food, temperature, salinity, and pH requirements and on the effect of different combinations of these factors on survival and growth of larvae of several species of bivalves. 3. Some general conclusions are given on the effects of suspended materials, various pollutants, and toxicants on embryos and larvae. 4. Progress in the study of genetics of bivalves is reported.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Es werden Verfahren diskutiert, die es gestatten, Embryonen und Larven von Muscheln das ganze Jahr hindurch zu gewinnen. Diese basieren auf der Auslösung der Gonadenentwicklung geschlechtsreifer Muscheln im Winter und Frühjahr und der ausschließenden Verzögerung der Keimzellenentleerung bis zum Herbst und Frühwinter. Die Aufzucht von Larven, wie sie im Routineverfahren möglich ist, wird beschrieben. Nahrungs-, Temperatur-, Salinitäts- und pH-Ansprüche sowie die Wirkung verschiedener Faktorenkombinationen auf Überlebensrate und Wachstum der Larven einiger Arten werden dargestellt. Ferner wird über Toxizitätsstudien an Larven und über Fortschritte hinsichtlich des Studiums der Genetik der Bivalvia berichtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 24 (1973), S. 292-306 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Radiation of fishes representing many families in the tropical coral reef has repeatedly produced convergence in the specialization for “water-column foragers”. 2. This life mode is depicted by a recognizable set of morphological and behavioral characteristics. Exploitation of this niche has parallel examples in fresh water, and non-tropical habitats. 3. The distinguishing traits of this specialization, and the systematic, ecological and evolutionary features are described and discussed.
    Notes: Extrait Dans un biotope à récif de corail, des espèces étroitement liées peuvent servir d'exemple de différenciation sur le plan de l'évolution. La radiation évolutive de poissons représentant plusieurs familles du récif corallien tropical a conduit à plusieurs reprises à la formation de «fourragers dans la colonne d'eau». Ce mode de vie comporte une série de caractères morphologiques et éthologiques définis. On trouve des éxemples similaires dans l'eau douce et dans des habitats non tropicaux. Les traits distinctifs de cette spécialisation, la systématique, les caractéristiques écologiques et celles se rapportant à l'évolution sont décrits et discutés.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 20 (1970), S. 691-696 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Various designs and techniques of closed system rearing of fish larvae are being developed using specific species chosen on the basis of their reproductive habits, ecological preference, and potential as environmental indicators. 2. The influence of the parameters of temperature, salinity, food, light, circulation, and the presence of autotropic organisms are tested using as criteria for the success of hatch and development. 3. To date, the results have produced several techniques which increase the percentage of success in raising fry and juvenile fishes.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Verschiedene Anordnungen und Verfahren zur Aufzucht von Fischlarven in geschlossenen Wassersystemen werden gegenwärtig entwickelt und geprüft. Die Auswahl der hierfür benutzten Fischarten erfolgt im Hinblick auf fortpflanzungsbiologische und ökologische Besonderheiten. Der Einfluß von Temperatur, Salzgehalt, Nährstoffen, Licht, autotrophen Organismen sowie der Wasserzirkulation werden anhand der Aufzuchterfolge erörtert. Einige Methoden für die Aufzucht von Fischbrut und Jungfischen werden kurz erläutert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 16 (1925), S. 313-314 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 10 (1971), S. 158-164 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Stabilität von Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen hängt letztlich von der physikalischen Eigenschaft der Öl/Wasser-Grenzfläche ab. Wenn ein Hydrokolloid oder ein Protein als Emulgator verwendet wird dann bildet sich in der Öl/Wasser-Grenzschicht ein Film, der Flüssigkeitsoder viskoelastische Eigenschaften aufweisen kann. Dieser Film wird durch zwei Diffusionsvorgänge von der Gesamtmasse zur Grenzschicht und durch zwischenmolekulare Vernetzung gebildet. Gelatinelösungen bis 2% (Gewicht/Volumen) wurden verwendet, um mit dünnflüssigem Paraffin über einen beschränkten p h -Bereich eine Grenzschicht zu bilden. Für die 2% Gelatinelösung wurde der p h -Wert im sauren Bereich zwischen p h 2,5–3,2 gehalten, weil bei Erhöhung des p h die gesamte wässerige Lösung bei Raumtemperatur zu gelieren begann. Bei geringeren Gelatinekonzentrationen, wie z. B. 0,5% (g/ml), konnte der brauchbare p h -Bereich bis zu P h 4 ausgedehnt werden. Die rheologischen Eigenschaften der Grenzschicht wurden mit dem Oberflächenrheometer untersucht, das in einem vorhergehenden Vortrag beschrieben wurde. Vorläufige Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, daß im Falle einer 1% Gelatinelösung mit p h 3 der Grenzfilm bis gegen Ende der ersten halben Stunde nach seiner Bildung flüssig war. Dann zeigte dieser Festkörper-Eigenschaften. Nach 4 Std. konnte der Film in einem Kriechtest untersucht werden; wobei maximale Retardationszeiten von mehreren Minuten beobachtet wurden. Weitere Kriech- und Kriecherholungsversuche, die bis zu 200 Std. nach der Filmbildung durchgeführt wurden, zeigten deutlich, daß die Festkörper-Eigenschaften des Filmes weiterhin zunahmen. Gelatinegrenzflächenfilme waren für einen vergleichbaren Zeitraum und eine ähnliche Gesamtkonzentration beträchtlich nachgiebiger als ähnliche Filme mit Acacia Senegal. Dieses unterschiedliche Verhalten kann von den verschiedenen molekularen Grundstrukturen der beiden Polymeren herrühren.
    Notes: Summary The stability of oil-in-water emulsions depends ultimately on the physical nature of the oil-water interface. If a hydrocolloid or protein is used as an emulsifying agent an interfacial film is formed at the oil-water interface and this may be liquid or viscoelastic solid in properties. The film is formed by the two processes of diffusion from the bulk to the interface and the formation of secondary intermolecular cross-links. Gelatine solutions of up to 2% w/v were used to form an interface with light liquid paraffin over a restricted range of p h . For the 2% w/v gelatin solutions, the p h range was confined to the acid region p h 2.5–3.2 owing to the onset of gelation of the whole aqueous phase, at room temperature, if the p h was increased numerically above this range. At lower concentrations of gelatin, e. g., 0.5% w/v, the useful p h range could be extended to p h 4. The interfacial rheological properties were examined using the surface rheometer described in a previous paper. Preliminary results showed that, in the case of the 1% w/v gelatin solution at p h 3, the interfacial film was liquid up to the end of the first half-hour after formation. Solid properties then developed. After 4 hs it was possible to carry out a creep experiment on the film which exhibited a longest retardation time of several minutes. Further creep and recovery experiments conducted up to 200 h after the formation of the film clearly showed that the growth of solid properties of the film was continuing. The gelatin interfacial films were considerably more compliant than similar films of acacia Senegal, over a comparative period of time, and at the same bulk concentration. This difference in behaviour can be attributed to differences in the basic molecular structure of the two polymers.
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