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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parameter estimation in low order fractionally differenced ARMA processes (1989)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 3 (1989), S. 97-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: ARMA processes ; fractionally differencedARMA processes ; long memory ; spectral density ; maximum likelihood estimates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A class of regression type estimators of the parameterd in a fractionally differencedARMA (p, q) process is introduced. This class is an extension of the estimator considered by Geweke and Porter-Hudak. In a simulation study, we compared three estimators from this class together with two approximate maximum likelihood estimators which are based on two separate approximations to the likelihood. One approximation ignores the determinant term in the likelihood and the other includes a compensating factor for the determinant. When the determinant term is included, the estimate tends to be much less biased and is in general superior to the other estimate. The approximate maximum likelihood estimator out performed, by a large margin, the regression type estimators for pureARIMA (0,d,0) processes. However, forARIMA (1,d,1) processes, a regression type estimator turned out to be the best for realizations of length 400 in 3 out of the 5 cases we tried.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01544075
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial match retrieval using recursive linear hashing (1985)
    Springer
    BIT 25 (1985), S. 477-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: partial match retrieval ; linear hashing ; dynamic files ; 3.74 ; 4.33 ; 4.34
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recursive linear hashing is a hashing technique proposed for files which can grow and shrink dynamically. The scheme is an extension of linear hashing, a method originally proposed by Litwin, but unlike Litwin's scheme, it does not require conventional overflow pages. In this paper, we investigate the application of recursive linear hashing to partial match retrieval problems. Consistent with the results for primary key retrieval, recursive linear hashing performs better than the conventional scheme on these problems, especially at high load factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01935368
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age and peritoneal fluid cellular distribution in women 20–40 years of age (1976)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 314-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytologic aspiration specimens of peritoneal fluid revealed that mesothelial cell proportions were significantly reduced 19.2% in women between 26 and 35 years of age. Possibly, mesothelial cell renewal was decreased in women of the older age groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940810
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The peritoneal fluid cytology of adult female dogs (1978)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 34 (1978), S. 184-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The percent distribution of peritoneal fluid cellular content of adult female dogs was recorded and found to be dissimilar to all other species examined, especially in regard to mesothelial cell, polymorphonuclear leukocyte and lymphocyte proportions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01944665
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stomatal responses to humidity in Opuntia inermis in relation to control of CO2 and H2O exchange patterns (1979)
    Springer
    Oecologia 41 (1979), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary At constant cladode temperature the stomatal resistance of O. inermis increased when the cladode-air vapor pressure difference was increased and stomatal resistance decreased when the cladode-air vapor pressure difference was lowered. Net CO2 fixation in the dark was very responsive to these humidity dependent changes in stomatal resistance. Net CO2 fixation and stomatal resistance in the light did not respond to changes in cladode-air vapor pressure differences in the light under the conditions tested. When temperature response functions for dark CO2 fixation were examined at constant ambient humidity, the reduction in dark CO2 fixation at higher temperatures was largely due to stomatal closure in response to the increased vapor pressure difference. The water requirement for net CO2 fixation in the dark at typical nocturnal vapor pressure differences was about 10 times lower than that of net CO2 fixation in the light at vapor pressure differences typical of the late afternoon. The role of the stomatal responses to humidity in determining the patterns and rates of net CO2 exchange in the light or dark, and its possible ecological significance is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344837
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental factors influencing decomposition rates in two Antarctic moss communities (1986)
    Springer
    Polar biology 5 (1986), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Rates of disappearance of dead material of Polytrichum alpestre and Chorisodontium aciphyllum from a moss turf community and of Drepanocladus uncinatus, Calliergon sarmentosum and Cephaloziella varians from a moss carpet community, measured using litter bags over 2 years, were 1.5% year-1. Decomposition potential, estimated using loss in tensile strength of cotton strips inserted into the different bryophytes on the two sites, was also low. Ranking the five plant species in order of decomposition potential, from highest to lowest, gave D. uncinatus, C. aciphyllum, C. sarmentosum, P. alpestre and C. varians. The time taken for the tensile strength of the cotton strips at depths of 1–3 and 4–6 cm beneath the surface to decline by 50% varied from 1–2 years under the first two species to 3–4 years beneath the last two species. The main causes of these slow rates were low temperatures, short active season and low pH. Differences in decomposition between species, sites and with depth were related to temperature, nutrient status, water content and anaerobic conditions. Variation in anaerobic conditions beneath D. uncinatus, C. sarmentosum and C. varians in the moss carpet resulted in wide variation of decomposition rate beneath these species and with depth beneath C. varians. The peat in the moss turf was aerobic and experienced higher temperatures, but the average decomposition rate was no higher than in the moss carpet, because the peat was of a poorer quality and had a lower pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443381
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence detection of impurities introduced in silicon by dry etching processes (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 41 (1986), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.55DS ; 61.80Jh ; 71.35 +z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on a photoluminescence study of silicon samples subjected to different dry etching processes. Several luminescence lines, known from defects produced by high-energy irradiation, manifest damage of the crystalline material. Noble gas ion beam etching (using Ne+, Ar+, Kr+, and Xe+) with ion energies as low as 400 eV produces characteristic luminescence lines which correspond to defects within a 200–300 Å thick surface layer. Incorporation of carbon during CF4 reactive ion etching produces the familiar G-line defect. The G-line photoluminescence intensity in our samples is directly correlated with the substitutional carbon concentration, as determined by infrared absorption measurements before the etch process; we therefore suggest that a simple method to determine the substitutional carbon concentration in a crystalline silicon sample is a standard dry etching process and a comparison of the resulting G-line photoluminescence intensity to a calibrated sample. The sensitivity of this method seems to be better than 1014 carbon atoms/cm3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616836
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical and ultrastructural evidence that waxes associated with the suberin polymer constitute the major diffusion barrier to water vapor in potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.) (1979)
    Springer
    Planta 146 (1979), S. 607-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Diffusion resistance ; Solanum ; Suberin ; Trichloroacetate ; Waxes ; Wound-healing tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that C21, C23, and C25 n-alkanes accumulated in the suberized layers during wound healing of cores of potato tuber tissue. Treatment (10 min) of freshly-cut tissue with trichloroacetate (TCA), an inhibitor of fatty-acid chain elongation, severely inhibited accumulation of hydrocarbons and fatty alcohols associated with the suberized layer in the wound healing tissue (maximum inhibition at 4 mM) but had very little effect on the deposition of the major aliphatic components of the suberin polymer. This preferential inhibition of wax synthesis resulted in severe inhibition of the development of diffusion resistance of the tissue to water vapor. These results strongly indicate that the waxes associated with the suberin polymer, rather than the polymer itself, consitute the major diffusion barrier formed during wound healing. Electron-microscopic examination showed that inhibition of wax synthesis by TCA disrupted the formation of the lamellar structure of suberin specifically by preventing the formation of the light bands. This evidence strongly suggests that the light bands in the suberin complex are composed of waxes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388840
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic responses of native and introduced C4 grasses from Venezuelan savannas (1985)
    Springer
    Oecologia 67 (1985), S. 388-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Introduced African grasses are invading the grasslands of the Venezuelan savannas and displacing the native grasses. This work, which is part of a program to understand the reasons for the success of the African grasses, specifically investigates whether introduced and native grasses differ in some photosynthetic characteristics. The responses to photon flux density, leaf temperature, leaf-air vapour pressure difference and leaf water potential of leaf photosynthetic rate of two introduced African C4 grasses (Hyparrhenia rufa and Melinis minutiflora) and of a lowland and a highland population of a native Venezuelan grass (Trachypogon plumosus) grown under controlled conditions were compared. These responses in all three species were typical of tropical C4 pasture grasses. The introduced grasses had higher maximum leaf conductance, net photosynthetic rates, and optimum temperature (H. rufa only) for photosynthesis than T. plumosus. However, T. plumosus was able to continue photosynthesis to lower leaf water potentials than the two introduced grasses, and the efficiency which it utilized water, light and mineral nutrients to fix carbon were similar to those of the introduced grasses. The higher rates of leaf photosynthesis of the introduced grasses contributed to, but only partially explained, the higher growth rates compared to T. plumosus. The higher growth rates and nutrient concentration of the introduced grasses are consistent with their ability to establish rapidly, compete successfully for resources, and displace T. plumosus from moist, fertile sites. Conversely, the slower growth rate, lower nutrient concentrations, and superior water relations characteristics are consistent with the capacity of T. plumosus to resist invasion by introduced grasses in poorer sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384945
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Al−Si substitution in α-phase AIMnSi (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 2177-2182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The α-phase of the Al−Mn−Si ternary system has been precipitated from four liquid solutions (2.8 wt% Mn−3.7 wt% Si, 4.5 wt% Mn−7 wt% Si, 7.7 wt% Mn−10 wt% Si and 8.7 wt% Mn−12.6 wt% Si) and equilibrated slightly over the melting point of the (secondary) solid solution. Quenching into water enabled the precipitates to be separated from the solid solution and the co-nodal tie-lines for the α-phase and liquid to be determined. The silicon content varied from 9.8 to 11.8 wt%, while the manganese content, 29.6±0.6 wt%, did not vary significantly. The lattice parameter of the cubic unit cell decreased from 1.267 6(2) nm to 1.265 10(4) nm with increasing silicon. Neutron powder diffraction showed silicon to constitute approximately 50% of atoms on the icosahedral aluminium sublattices and 70% of a six-fold aluminium site in the interstices between the almost spherical, 54-atom clusters. This decrease in unit cell volume is interpreted as evidence for substitution of the silicon atoms on the six-fold sublattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02385438
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