ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 40 (1974), S. 493-506 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly-α-aminoacid-fibers are protein like. Therefore their behaviour is like the naturally protein fibers silk and wool in some respect.Poly-α-aminoacids are made by thermic or ion-initiated polymerization of the corres- ponding Leuchs anhydrides (N-carboxyanhydrides). Fibers from the polymers are made by wet spinning. In general only from the pure D- or L-form of the aminoacids fiber forming polymers are obtained. Spinnability and the behaviour of the fibers are determined by the conformation of the polymer molecules. For instance the silk like character of Poly-L-alanine is attributed to the/?-pleated sheet conformation, the wool like behaviour of Poly-L-leucine is connected with the α-helical conformation of the Poly-L-leucine molecules.Because of the fact that film-forming ability is essential for spinnability not only fibers but also films are obtained from all these polymers. Moreover, Poly-α-aminoacids with no spannability due to long side-chains with strong interactions may have film forming ability.Besides the interest in producing fibers for textile use, they are also valuable as model substances for physico-chemical investigations on the stabilisation of the conformation by intermolecular forces and steric factors.In the case of Poly-L-alanine the tenacity is somewhat higher and the elongation lower as in the case of bombyx mori silk due to the lack of bulky side-chains being responsible for non-periodic conformations. On the contrary to silk Poty-L-alanine fibers undergo no contraction in LiBr-solutions between 5,4-7.2 mole/l and are absolutely insoluble at higher concentrations up to the boiling point.According to DTA-measurements the temperature of decomposition of Poly-L-alanine is remarkable higher (350°C) than that of silk (280°C).The important role of conformation and side chains for physical and textile behaviour results from the fact that the elongation of the wooly, α-helical Poly-L-leucine is about six times higher than that of Poly-L-alanine in the pleated-sheet conformation.Ionic side-chains like carboxylic groups in Poly-L-glutamic acid influence the physico- chemical behaviour of the fibers drastically. They are pretty soluble in moderate concen- trated electrolyte solutions and show supercontraction like behaviour in neutral and week alkaline solutions of cationactive detergents. As postulated sometimes ago ionic interaction between detergent-ions and ionic sidechains are necessary for this phenomenon. Furthermore the heat stability of Poly-L-glutamic acid fibers are comparable low in respect to Poly-L-alanine and Poly-L-leucinc fibers.As a consequence of the protein-like character of Poly-L-amino acid fibers and films they underlie biological degradation by proteolytic enzymes. For instance copolymers of L-alanine and L-lysine could be degradated by tryptic digestion.
    Notes: Fasern aus Poly-ß-aminosäuren haben aufgrund ihres proteinartigen Charakters ein physiologisches Verhalten, d. h., es handelt sich um körperähnliche Substanzen mit einem gegenüber den Naturfasern vergleichbaren Wasseraufnahmevermögen; sie sind biologisch abbaubar und brennen, ohne zu schmelzen.Die Poly-α-aminosäuren werden durch thermische oder ionisch initiierte Polymerisation entsprechenden Leuchsschen Anhydride dargestellt und nach dem Naßspinnverfahren zu Fasern verarbeitet. Es müssen im allgemeinen sterisch einheitliche Monomere verwendet werden, um brauchbare Fasern zu erhalten. Dadurch sind die Herstellungskosten noch recht hoch. Spinnverhalten und Fasereigenschaften werden durch die Molekülkonformation entscheidend beeinflußt. Für den seidenartigen Charakter z. B. von Poly-L-alanin ist das Vorliegen der Molekeln in β-Faltblattstruktur notwendig, für den wollartigen Charakter des Poly-L-leucins die β-helicale Konformation. Da die Folienbildung eine notwendige, jedoch nicht hinreichende Voraussetzung der Faserbildung ist, lassen sich nicht nur aus den faserbildenden Poly-β-aminosäuren, sondern auch aus anderen Folien darstellen.Außer dem Interesse, das den Poly-α-aminosäuren als Material für die kommerzielle Darstellung von Fasern und Folien zukommt, haben sie eine erhebliche Bedeutung als Modellsubstanzen für physikalisch-chemische Untersuchungen der an der Stabilisierung der Konformation beteiligten zwischenmolekularen Wechselwirkungen und sterischen Faktoren.Beim Poly-L-alanin wird infolge des Fehlens ins Gewicht fallender Bereiche mit nichtperiodischer Konformation eine geringere Bruchdehnung als bei Bombyx mori-Seide beobachtet. Auch tritt in konzentrierten Elektrolytlösungen (z. B. LiBr-Lösungen zwischen 5,4 und 7,2 Mol/l) keine Kontraktion der Fasern ein, und sie lösen sich bei höheren Konzentrationen im Unterschied zur Seide nicht auf. Nach DTA-Messungen liegt die Zersetzungstemperatur des Poly-L-alanins mit 350°C deutlich höher als die der Seide mit ca. 280°C.Die Bedeutung der Molekülkonformation und der Seitenketten für die physikalischen und textilen Eigenschaften ergibt sich u.a. daraus, daß die wollartige α-helicale Form des Poly-L-leucins mit 55% eine um das 6fache höhere Bruchdehnung als das Poly-L-alanin in β-Konformation hat,jedoch mit 0,6g/d nur etwa 12-13 von der Reißfestigkeit.Noch deutlicher wird verständlicherweise die Beeinflussung der Fasereigenschaften beim Vorliegen ionogener Seitengruppen, wie im Fall der Poly-L-glutaminäure. Diese Fasern lösen sich nicht nur sehr leicht in verschiedenen konzentrierten Elektrölytlosungen auf, sondern zeigen auch in neutralen bis schwach alkalischen kationaktiven Tensidlösun- gen ein superkontraktionsartiges Verhalten. Voraussetzung hierfür ist offensichtlich eine Ionenbeziehung wischen Tensidionen und ionisierten Seitengruppen.Auch die thermische Stabilität der Poly-L-glutaminsäurefasern rnit 245°C (näch DTA- Messungen) ist sehr vie1 geringer als die der Fasern mit apolaren Seitenketten.Proteolytische Fermente bauen die Poly-α-aminosäuren, wie gezeigt werden konntä, recht gut ab, so daß diese Polymeren einen sehr umweltfreundlichen Charakter besitzen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 1872-1878 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: About Perdeuterotriphenylphosphine, Trifluoroacetyldecadeuterodiphenylphosphine and the Behaviour of the latter towards Molecular OxygenCF3COP(C6D5)2 (4) is obtained according to equation (3) by reaction of NaP(C6D5)2 and CF3COCI in THF at -78° C. The compound 4 can be transformed into 2,2,2-trifluoro-1 -decadeuterodiphenylphosphorylethyl-decadeuterodiphenylphosphinate (5) by molecular oxygen in toluene or benzene at room temperature. The structure of the oxidation product 5 results from alkaline decomposition and from mass and i. r. spectroscopic investigations. The vibrational spectra of P(C6D5)3 (3) and of 4 are discussed.
    Notes: CF3COP(C6D5)2 (4) entsteht gemäß G1. (3) aus NaP(C6D5)2 und CF3COCl in THF bei -78°. 4 läßt sich mit elementarem Sauerstoff in Toluol oder Benzol bei Raumtemperatur entspr. Gl. (4) in den Decadeuterodiphenylphosphinsäure-[2.2.2-trifluor-l-decadeutero-diphenylphosphoryl-äthylester] (5) überführen. Die Struktur dieses Oxydationsproduktes ergibt sich durch alkalischen Abbau sowie massen- und IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen. Die Schwingungsspektren von P(C6D5)3 (3) und 4 werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 1364-1371 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Behaviour of Trifluoroacetyldiphenylphosphine towards Molecular OxygenThe oxidation of CF3COP(C6H5)2 (1) with O2 in toluene, benzene, hexadeuterobenzene or n-hexane at room temperature yields diphenylphosphinic acid (1-diphenylphosphory1-2,2,2-trifluoroethy1) ester (2) and CO2 according to equation (1). The course of the reaction is complicated because of the presence of the electron-attracting CF3-group. While the empirical formula of the compound is obtained from elementary analysis and mass spectra, the essential components of 2 are determined by means of alkaline hydrolysis according to equation (2) and (3). The structure of 2 was confirmed by extensive 1H, 19F, 31P n. m. r. and i. r. spectroscopic investigations.
    Notes: Bei der Oxydation von CF3COP(C6H5)2 (1) mit O2 in Toluol, Benzol, Hexadeuterobenzol oder n-Hexan entsteht gemäß Gl. (1) bei Raumtemperatur in einem durch die elektronenziehende CF3-Gruppe bedingten komplizierten Reaktionsablauf der Diphenylphosphinsäure-[1-diphenylphosphoryl-2.2.2-trifluor-äthylester] (2) und CO2. Während die Summenformel der Verbindung aus der Elementaranalyse und dem Massenspektrum hervorgeht, lassen sich die wesentlichen Bestandteile von 2 durch alkalische Hydrolyse entsprechend den Gleichungen (2) und (3) ermitteln. Die Struktur von 2 ergab sich weiterhin durch ausführliche 1H -, 19F-und 31P-NMR-sowie IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 3121-3130 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Unusual Behaviour of Perfluoroacyldiarylphosphines towards Molecular OxygenThe colourless stable (1-diarylphosphoryl-1-H-perfluoroalkyl)diarylphosphinates 8-10, CO2 and the corresponding 1-H-perfluoroalkanes, are formed by oxidation of the perfluoroacyldiarylphosphines 3-5 with O2 in different, also deuterated solvents according to equation (1). The esters 8-10 were characterized on the basis of their mass, 1H, 19F, 31P n.m.r. and i.r. spectra as well as by means of alkaline hydrolysis according to equation (2) and (3). The course of this new reaction type according to equations (1) and (4) - (8) will be discussed.
    Notes: Bei der Oxydation der Perfluoracyldiarylphosphine 3-5 mit O2 in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln entstehen gemäß Gl. (1) die farblosen, beständigen Diarylphosphinsäure-[1-diaryl-phosphoryl-1-H-perfluoralkylester] 8-10, CO2 und die entsprechenden-1-H-Perfluoralkane. Die Charakterisierung der Ester 8-10 erfolgt auf massen-, 1H-, 19F-, 31P-NMR- und IR-spektroskopischem Wege sowie durch alkalische Hydrolyse entsprechend Gl. (2) und (3). Der Ablauf dieses neuen Reaktionstyps entsprechend Gl. (1), sowie (4) - (8) wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Model calculations on the explosion of free gas clouds containing mixtures of hydrocarbons and air. The procedure presented permits a description of continuously and discontinuously accelerated explosions. The explosions considered are deflagrations, i. e. combustion-supported compression waves. It is possible to calculate, for a given rate of propagation of a flame front or the motion of a piston assigned in a model, the corresponding flow field (compression wave). The corresponding pressure, density, and velocity distributions can be utilized for safety considerations. Application of the results requires that the simulated acceleration processes can be transformed into real events. With the experimental results presently available this is possible only in very crude fashion and can serve only as a rough preliminary guide.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 55 (1983), S. 931-939 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Motion of fine grained particles, suspended in turbulent flow. This article considers the motion of particles, suspended in turbulent flow. If the particles are sufficiently small to respond to turbulence, their motion includes stochastic components. Concerning processes like air classification or separation of fine powders the stochastic contribution - characterized by the conception of a particle diffusivity - the particle motion exhibits a detrimental influence. Sharpness of cut and separation efficiency are reduced. The paper aims to present the state of the art in particle diffusion. First, theoretical investigations are reported, attention being focused on the equation of motion of the particle which is the link between the motion of the fluid and the motion of the particle. Then, experimental results are reviewed. The following tendencies can be seen: Particles which response to turbulence of fluid flow show increasing diffusivity with increasing inertia. Field forces like gravity or electrical field forces exhibit a damping effect on diffusivity.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 181 (1980), S. 1071-1080 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Enthalpies of solution, dilution and mixing of several dextran fractions with different molecular weights (MW) and low MW carbohydrates were determined in water and dimethyl sulfoxide at 25°C. The enthalpies of solution of dextran increase in the oligomer range up to a MW of about 1000; for higher MWs the enthalpies of solution are almost constant. The enthalpies of dilution decrease strongly with increasing MW and remain constant for MWs higher than 2 000. The interaction parameter was found to depend on the concentration of the solute in both solvents. From the experimental results it can be concluded that dimethyl sulfoxide is a better solvent for glucose and dextran than water. In dilute solutions glucose interacts considerably more strongly with the solvent than dextran. The conformational properties of dextran are similar in both solvents; for MWs above 2 000 the degree of solvation is found to be independent from the MW.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 991-1001 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermal degradation of polystyrene (PS) was carried out in the absence of oxygen between 292 and 336°C. The formed volatile products were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by means of gas charomatography. It was found that the composition of the volatile fraction is a function of conversion and independent of temperature for most of the products. A radical chain mechanism is proposed to explain these experimental results.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 2205-2212 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of branching on the radius of gyration and the hydrodynamic radius of dextran macromolecules was studied by elastic and quasielastic light scattering (ELS and QELS). The hydrodynamic radius is more sensitive to low levels of branching than the radius of gyration. At higher branching levels a saturation of the hydrodynamic radius rh is observed, while the radius of gyration rG still changes distinctly. The ratio rG/rh proves to be a measure of the flexibility of the macromolecules; the latter is increasing with molecular weight for short linear chains and is decreasing with increasing degree of branching. Measurements were carried out in water (thermodynamically good solvent) and in ethylene glycol (under theta conditions) on four series of dextran fractions having rather narrow molecular weight distributions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 1207-1218 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermal degradation of polydisperse polystyrene samples with mol. wts. (M̄n) between 60000 and 22000 has been investigated at different temperatures under oxygen free conditions. Product analysis has been carried out by GPC. The experimental degradation could be simulated by a model consisting of scission and depolymerization. The dynamical behaviour of this model is expressed in a matrix from. The ratio of scission and depolymerization is constant for all polymers and different temperatures during degradation. Therefore, a master curve could be evaluated, which gives a general relation between the decrease of mol. wt. and the mass of volatiles. Finally a radical chain mechanism has been proposed in a lumped form which is consistent with the kinetic model and the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...