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  • Books
  • Articles  (338)
  • Chemical Engineering  (338)
  • 1985-1989  (141)
  • 1980-1984  (123)
  • 1970-1974  (74)
  • Physics  (338)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing studies in the single screw extruder (1985)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 25 (1985), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Laminar mixing in a single screw extruder between two miscible liquids is considered. Studies are presented which examine the mixing performance in single screw extruders with mixing sections, variable geometry screws, and multi-viscosity mixtures. Model extruders, set up on engine lathes, were used to mix colored silicone rubber which eventually cured in the screw channel. The cured silicone was then removed and sliced to measure the mixing. Results show mixing as a function of both down channel location and total average strain. For the mixing section study, results support the theory of interfacial area reorientation as the key mechanism in mixing section performance. Increasing viscosity ratio for the multi-viscosity study showed a decrease in mixing rate.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760250510
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of poly(aryl-ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) in nitrogenIsued as NRCC #29048 (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 19-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition of poly(aryl-ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) in a nitrogen atmosphere have been obtained using an isothermal weight-loss method. Several mathematical approaches have been used to obtain the Arrhenius parameters based upon the use of different reaction models. The values obtained for the activation energy (E = 198.4 to 219.7 kJ/mol) and preexponential factor (log A = 11.1 to 12.3 min-1) fall within a narrow range, irrespective of the method of calculation. Although the kinetic data most closely fits an Avrami two-dimensional nucleating model, the data can be just as easily described by a first-order rate law.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760290105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the increase of viscoelastic modulus with advancement of reaction of an epoxy resin (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 531-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Log G* = f(X) isothermal variation curves were determined at various temperatures for two epoxy-aromatic amine systems widely used in industry. G* = G′ + jG″ is the viscoelastic modulus, determined by sinusoidal shearing at constant frequency between parallel plates; X represents the degree of reaction, determined by calorimetry. These curves clearly show the phenomena of gelation and glass transition. In the temperature range studied, the value of X at the gel point varies between 0.7 and 0.9 for the DGEBA-DDS system, and from 0.3 to 0.8 for the TGDDM-DDS system. These variations reflect a major modification of the reaction mechanism, particularly before the gel point.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760290807
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of thermal history on the rheology and texture of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (1987)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 816-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the effect of thermal history on the rheology of three liquid crystal copolymers. The polymers were heated to temperatures above their melting points and then cooled down. During the cooling cycle, the dynamic mechanical properties were monitored. It was found that these properties remained unchanged at temperatures as low as 30°C below the normal melting points for two copolyesters of 60 mole percent p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB) and 40 mole percent poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (60-40 PHB/PET) and 80 mole percent PHB and 20 mole percent PET (80-20 PHB/PET). For a copolymer of PHB and 2,6-dihydroxynaphthaic acid, there was a gradual increase in the properties with decreasing temperature. However, at a critical temperature all three systems exhibit a sudden increase In dynamic mechanical properties. The kinetics of solidification were also monitored, and it was found that at temperatures well below the melting point, it took 4 to 6 min before the solidification process impeded flow. Extrusion studies on these materials were also carried out, and it was observed that in this supercooled state, the polymers exhibited significant die swell. The samples also exhibited a fibrous texture and were more oriented than when extruded isothermally above the melting point.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760271108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel photoresist design based on electrophilic aromatic substitution (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 960-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new approach to resist materials that exhibit chemical amplification is based on systems comprised of three structural units at least one of which is polymeric: (a) an aromatic moiety such as poly(4-hydroxystyrene), Novolac, or other aromatic compounds which are susceptible to electrophilic aromatic substitution; (b) a latent electrophile which may be polyfunctional and, in the case of this study, is a carbocation precursor; (c) a material which generates strong acid upon irradiation. Exposure of a film containing these three structural components affords a latent image of acid dispersed in the polymer matrix. In a subsequent baking step, the photogenerated acid reacts with the latent electrophile releasing a very reactive carbocationic species which becomes bound to the aromatic moiety. As one of the components of the resist is polymeric and multifunctional, the result is a rapid increase in molecular weight due to branching and crosslinking of the chains. In terms of imaging, this process translates into the formation of a negative image of the mask although under some conditions a positive image may also be produced. The system shows a very high sensitivity and can provide high resolution images devoid of distortion due to the absence of swelling during development.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291415
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring the cure processing properties of unsaturated polyesters in situ during fabrication (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 988-992 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The use of frequency dependent impedance measurements in the Hz to MHz range for continuous in situ measurements of the processing properties of unsaturated polyester resins both in a laboratory and manufacturing tool is presented. The frequency dependence of the complex impedance is used to separate and measure ionic and dipolar mobility. These two parameters are used as molecular probes to monitor in-situ the reaction onset, point of maximum flow, gel, post gel buildup in modulus, and the final degree of hardness.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291504
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of plasticating in a reciprocating-screw injection molding machine (1971)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 11 (1971), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experimental studies were performed with low density polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers and on polyvinyl chloride to elucidate the nature of the plasticating process in a reciprocating-screw injection molding machine. Melting data, obtained by use of the “cooling experiment,” and plastic temperature data reveal that the screw recharge process is a transient plasticating extrusion process which gradually approaches the equilibrium extrusion behavior as the screw rotates. If the screw rotation time is a high percentage of the total cycle time, the plasticating behavior is very similar to steady-state extrusion behavior, but if the screw rotation time is a small percentage of the total cycle time, the plasticating behavior is significantly different. Furthermore, better plasticating is obtained by use of a low RPM and high percentage rotation time than by a high RPM and low percentage rotation time.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760110502
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithography and radiation chemistry of epoxy containing negative electron resists (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 529-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A class of negative electron-beam resists is described which have excellent lithographic characteristics. The resists are copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate. Their molecular weights, epoxy contents, and polydispersivities can be controlled to give an adjustable range of electron sensitivity and contrast. The copolymers are compared to other epoxy containing, negative electron-beam resists.Micrography of resist profiles generated from a single line scan of the electron beam have been used to illustrate the complex interaction of accelerating voltage of the electron beam and resist contrast on resolution. Optical gratings made from single line scans of the beam have feature sizes less than 300 nm in the resist, etched metals, and dielectrics.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140713
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rheometer for measuring the viscoelastic response of polymer melts in arbitrary planar and biaxial extensional flow fieldsBased on a paper presented at the VIIIth International Congress of Rheology, Gothenburg, Sweden (1976) (1980)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 535-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we describe the operation of a rheometer that is capable of measuring the viscoelastic response of a polymer melt in a biaxial or planar extensional flow field under circumstances wherein the deformation history can be varied in an arbitrary manner. The principal feature of this rheometer is the use of a closed loop feedback system to control the inflation of a flat, molten polymer sheet clamped around its periphery. The feedback system is especially designed so that either stress or strain can be used as the reference point, thus permitting the deformation history to be varied arbitrarily. Illustrative data are presented on the viscoelastic response of a molten acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer subjected to a planar extensional flow for the following deformation histories: constant stress, constant strain, constant strain rate, oscillatory stress and oscillatory strain.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760200804
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally stimulated creep of polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers, and blends (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The technique of Thermo Stimulated Creep (TSC) has been applied to the study of anelastic properties of polyethylene, polypropylene, their copolymers and blends. In the temperature range -200 to 100°C, complex TSC peaks were observed in all samples, namely around 0°C, about the same temperature as for the homopolypolymer polypropylene. By applying “fractional stresses”, with a convenient choice or the loading program, these peaks have been experimentally resolved. Two components can be distinguished: 1. The “low temperature” component is characterized by mechanical retardation times following a compensation law. It has been attributed to microbrownian motions of polypropylene sequences liberated at the glass transition of the “true” amorphous regions. 2. The “high temperature” component which is influenced by thermal treatment has been assigned to microbrownian motions of polypropylene sequences liberated at the glass transition of the “constrained” amorphous regions. In block polymers, an additional TSC peak is observed around -50°C: it has been associated with the glass transition of ethylene-propylene-rubber (EPR) interphase. The coupling of this interphase with polyethylene and polypropylene phases is insured by diffusion of some ethylene and propylene sequences in-EPR. At about -140°C, a TSC peak associated with the low temperature component of the glass transition of polyethylene can be distinguished in all the materials studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240210
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