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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1992-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, B M -- Lasker, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 28;257(5074):1211-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1519057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/radiation effects ; DNA Damage ; Gene Expression/*radiation effects ; Genes, Viral/*radiation effects ; HIV/*genetics ; HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; Humans ; Mice ; PUVA Therapy/adverse effects ; Sunlight/adverse effects ; Ultraviolet Rays/*adverse effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1993-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, B M -- Lasker, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 14;260(5110):912-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Cutaneous ; Administration, Inhalation ; Administration, Oral ; Humans ; Peptides/*administration & dosage
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: In vitro, when the B7 molecule on the surface of antigen-presenting cells binds to the T cell surface molecules CD28 and CTLA-4, a costimulatory signal for T cell activation is generated. CTLA4Ig is a soluble form of the extracellular domain of CTLA-4 and binds B7 with high avidity. CTLA4Ig treatment in vivo suppressed T cell-dependent antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes or keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Large doses of CTLA4Ig suppressed responses to a second immunization. Thus, costimulation by B7 is important for humoral immune responses in vivo, and interference with costimulation may be useful for treatment of antibody-mediated autoimmune disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linsley, P S -- Wallace, P M -- Johnson, J -- Gibson, M G -- Greene, J L -- Ledbetter, J A -- Singh, C -- Tepper, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):792-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Animals ; Antibody Formation/*drug effects ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation/*immunology/metabolism ; CHO Cells ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cricetinae ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; Hemocyanin/immunology ; Humans ; Immunization ; *Immunoconjugates ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1991-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0280-6495
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-0870
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 1721-1729 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Gyrotrons and free electron lasers have recently increased both the power and tunability of, respectively, millimeter wave and infrared sources by several orders of magnitude. As radiation at these wavelengths interact strongly with atmospheric aerosols and trace impurities, these sources have a great potential as atmospheric sensors. They open the possibility of increasing by at least an order of magnitude both the range and sensitivity of these atmospheric sensors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 2682-2689 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The quasioptical gyrotron (QOG), which features an open resonator formed by a pair of spherical mirrors instead of the conventional gyrotron waveguide cavity, has been under development at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory as a tunable high power millimeter-wave source for tokamak plasma heating, advanced radars, and power beaming. Results have recently been obtained for a quasioptical gyroklystron (QOGK) realized by the addition of an open-mirror prebunching resonator driven by an 85 GHz, 1.5 kW extended interaction oscillator. Efficiency enhancement by mode priming has been investigated, and efficiencies up to 19% have been obtained by increasing the frequency detuning of the operating mode. An overall efficiency of 30% was obtained by the addition of a simple depressed collector. Phase-locked operation was demonstrated at a power of 57 kW and efficiency of 16%. The high circulating power in the QOG resonator is currently being considered for use as an electromagnetic wiggler for compact infrared free-electron lasers. The QOG is also promising as a source for an active sensor of upper atmosphere trace impurities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Stabilität pargasitischer Amphibole im oberen Mantel ist eine Funktion von Wassergehalt und Gesamtgesteins-Zusammensetzung. Unter wasser-untersättigten Bedingungen, kontrolliert die Stabilität von Amphibol die Solidus-Position. Experimente in dem System “Tinaquillo Peridotit +0,2% H2O”, einem refraktären Peridotit unter wasser-untersättigten Bedingungen, zeigen daß Amphibol bis 1030°C und 26 Kb stabil ist. Im Gegensatz dazu ist pargasitische Hornblende in einem Hawaii-Pyrolit, von mehr fertiler Peridotit-Zuammensetzung, bis 1150°C und 30 Kb stabil. Das zeigt, daß bei wasser-untersättigten Bedingungen der am meisten produktive Teil eines kristallisierenden Mantel-Diapirs mit inhomogener Zusammensetzung sich zuerst verfestigen wird, während eine mehr refraktäre Komponente eine alkali-reiche Schmelze enthalten wird, die wiederum die Fähigkeit hat, umliegende Bereiche metasomatisch zu beeinflussen. Die relativen Stabilitäten von Amphibol in refraktären und fertilen Gesamtzusammensetzungen können dazu führen, daß die chemischen Gegensätze in Hochtemperaturlherzoliten eher zunehmen als abnehmen, d. h. ein Prozeß metamorpher Differentiation. Ti, Fe, Al und Na Metasomatose können deshalb als ein verbreiteter Vorgang, der mit der Aufwärtsbewegung und Verfestigung eines H2O-führenden Mantel-Diapirs assoziiert ist, betrachtet werden.
    Notes: Summary The stability of pargasitic amphibole in the upper mantle is a function of water content and bulk rock composition, and under water-undersaturated conditions, the stability of amphibole controls the solidus position. Experiments in the system ‘Tinaquillo peridotite +0.2% H2O’, a refractory peridotite under water-undersaturated conditions, show that amphibole is stable to 1030°C and 26 kb. In contrast, pargasitic amphibole is stable to 1150°C and 30 kb in Hawaiian pyrolite, a more fertile peridotite composition. This indicates that under water-undersaturated conditions, the most fertile part of a crystallizing mantle diapir with an inhomogeneous composition will solidify first while a more refractory component will contain an alkali-rich melt which will have the ability to metasomatize adjacent regions. The relative stabilities of amphibole in refractory and fertile bulk compositions may result in increasing rather than diminishing chemical contrasts in high temperature lherzolite, i.e. a process of metamorphic differentiation. Ti, Fe, Al and Na metasomatism can therefore be considered a normal occurrence associated with the upward migration and solidification of an H2O-bearing mantle diapir.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 24 (1994), S. 112-124 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Spring classification ; Spring origin ; Hydrogeology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Numerous geologic processes operate to form the many types of springs in existence today. Karst springs, glacial springs, and thermal springs are reviewed with examples from different parts of the world to emphasize the diversity of their origin. Since Meinzer's classification in 1927, the classification of springs has changed as our understanding of their origin and our scientific knowledge of springs have increased. Today several different classifications have been developed that concentrate on one or more specific characteristics such as size, mineral content, or temperature. A historic sketch of the classification of springs that documents the most common classifications in use is presented. From this historical perspective it is apparent how our understanding of springs, combined with technological advances, will affect future trends in the classification of springs. Eventually a definitive classification of springs, scientific as well as legal, combined with computer data bases, will aid not only in our academic understanding of springs, but in our practical usage. In the late 20th century, there has been increased demand for spring, mineral, and curative waters. Springs, specifically their origin, have become increasingly important. Legislation to protect the rights and safety of consumers regarding springs is forthcoming from state, federal, national, and international organizations. Some current legislation will be highlighted to provide some insight into how exactly these legal rulings affect our use and definitions of springs. The purpose of this paper is to establish the geological/ hydrogeological framework for the diversity of origin and form of springs in addition to providing a historical perspective on classification systems throughout the ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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