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Feeding, metabolism and body composition of the Antarctic copepod Calanus propinquus Brady with special reference to its life cycle (1993)

Drits, A. V. ; Pasternak, A. F. ; Kosobokova, K. N.

Springer

Polar biology 13 (1993), S. 13-21

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ISSN: 1432-2056

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary In the Weddell Sea, several biochemical and physiological characteristics of copepodite stage III to adult females of Calanus propinquus from the surface layer (0–100 m) and the deep layer (500–1,000 m) were compared at a time of high phytoplankton abundance (February) and a month later, when chlorophyll concentration was much lower and older copepodite stages had migrated to their overwintering depth. Daily rations of surface animals, estimated by the gut fluorescence method, varied from 0.8% to 7.8% body carbon (increasing with phytoplankton concentration). Respiration rate (calculated from measurements of electron-transport-system activity) and lipid and protein body content of animals inhabiting the surface layer decreased from February to April. Deep water animals (stage V and adult females) were characterized by high lipid and protein content; their respiration and excretion rates were much lower than in surface copepods. Our calculation showed that they could survive without an additional source of energy for 8–9 months. Based on our own and published data on bio-chemistry and physiology the possibility of a two-year life cycle is suggested.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236579

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Composition and biomass of summer metazoan plankton in the 0–200 m layer of the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic (1994)

Voronina, N. M. ; Kosobokova, K. N. ; Pakhomov, E. A.

Springer

Polar biology 14 (1994), S. 91-95

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ISSN: 1432-2056

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Composition of the metazoan plankton was studied during R.V. “Dmitry Mendeleev” cruise 43 (February to April, 1989) in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Samples were collected from ten stations at six locations. Four of the locations were in open oceanic waters along the 15° W longitude. Two others were in the Bransfield Strait and in inshore waters near Elephant Island. At three locations at 15° W sampling was conducted twice or thrice. At all stations three different sampling gears were used to collect different size groups of Zooplankton: series of hauls were performed by 2001 water-bottle, mesoplankton net and macroplankton trawl for depths from 200 m to the surface. The average biomass of Zooplankton in open oceanic waters was 20.55 g · m−2 wet weight. Copepoda Calanoida dominated composing 54.8% of the total plankton, followed by Euphausiacea (19.8%), Ctenophora (9.7%) and Copepoda Cyclopoida (7.2%). Biomass of any other taxonomic group was less than 1g·m−2. The relative biomass of Calanoida had a tendency to decrease southward along 15°W from 86.1 to 68.1% in February and from 81.8 to 23.6% in March–April. The relative biomass of Euphausiacea increased in the same manner from 2.3 to 17.8% in February and from 3.7 to 41.6% in March–April. The average biomass of calanoids from February to March–April decreased from 77.3 to 31.2% and that of euphausiids increased from 6.2 to 33.8%. The contribution of copepods and euphausiids to the production of the plankton community in the Antarctic is discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234970

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Physiological characteristics of the antarctic copepod Calanoides acutus during late summer in the Weddell Sea (1994)

Drits, A. V. ; Pasternak, A. F. ; Kosobokova, K. N.

Springer

Hydrobiologia 292-293 (1994), S. 201-207

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: Ingestion ; respiration rates ; lipid content ; overwintering ; antarctic copepods

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Ingestion, respiration and excretion rates as well as lipid and protein body content of the dominant Antarctic copepod Calanoides acutus (CIV to adult females) were studied during the period covering the end of phytoplankton bloom (February) to the beginning of transition to overwintering (March-April). Daily rations measured with gut fluorescence varied from 2.2 to 2.7% in surface C. acutus. Weight-specific respiration and excretion rates in deep C. acutus decreased by a factor of 11 and 3.5–3.8 compared to their surface counterparts. High lipid (up to 455 µg ind−1) and protein (198 µg ind−l) content was observed in surface C. acutus CV in February; a month later the animals with similar lipid and protein content were found in the depth (500–1000 m layer). Their lipid reserves were enough to overwinter and probably to ascend, molt and reproduce. At the same time some of the deep CVs had much lower protein and lipid content and could survive only for 4–5 months. Our own and literature data led to the conclusion that females of C. acutus reach adulthood at the age of more than one year while development of males could be completed in one year.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229942

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Reproduction of the calanoid copepod Calanus propinquus in the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica: observations in laboratory (1994)

Kosobokova, K. N.

Springer

Hydrobiologia 292-293 (1994), S. 219-227

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: reproduction ; copepod ; clutch size ; spawning ; life cycle ; vertical migration

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Reproduction of the dominant Antarctic copepod Calanus propinquus was studied in February–April, 1989 aboard the R.V ‘Dmitry Mendeleev’ during cruise N° 43 to the Weddell Sea. Single females were kept at 0 °C in the laboratory for 56 days with abundant food concentration (above 300 µg C l−1 of Platymonas viridis). Females released clutches at night at 2–3 day intervals. Most clutches contained from 10 to 40 eggs, mean 37.3 eggs female−1. Average carbon content of an egg was 0.37 ± 0.05 µg C. The maximum daily egg production rate of 30–50 eggs female−1 d−1 was observed for the first 3 days of the laboratory incubation, corresponding to 3.7–6.2% body C. The state of gonadal development of females showed the decline of the reproductive season in late February. The data suggest that egg laying in the region under study starts in December and lasts until March. The state of ovarian maturation, changes in vertical distribution and biochemical body composition of females suggest the possibility of two-year life cycle in C. propinquus in the southern Weddell Sea.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229944

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