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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining Ability in Almond (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 112 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: 2483 almond seedlings developed from 42 crosses between 12 parents were studied for three years (1989, 1990 and 1991). General and specific combining ability was determined for six traits (all years) and eight traits (1989 only). Additive factors are largely responsible for the genetic control of all traits, non-additive factors being of importance for the density of flowering and particularly for the density of production, time and duration of maturation and double kernels. The results permit the correct choice of parents and crosses for future breeding programmes and provide a better insight into the genetic control of the traits studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00662.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological diversity of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates in Spain (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A survey of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates was carried out in most citrus-growing areas in Spain. Twenty-two isolates were selected by geographical origin, cultivar of source tree, and symptoms observed on the host or in preliminary tests, and were biologically characterized.A wide range of variation in transmissibility by aphids and symptom intensity on nine different indicator species or scion-rootstock combinations was observed among CTV isolates. Mexican lime. Citrus macrophylla, and to a lesser extent citron were the most useful hosts for characterizing these isolates, and leaf symptoms and stem pitting were the most discriminating traits. Positive correlation was observed between symptoms induced on Mexican lime and C. macrophylla, but not between the symptoms induced on these indicators under greenhouse conditions and the homologous symptoms on plants grown in the screenhouse. Some of the traits studied enabled us to establish relatively well-defined groups of isolates, but in most cases a continuous range of variation was obtained and no clear group could be defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01494.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate leaching and soil moisture prediction with the LEACHM model (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 27 (1991), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Nitrate leaching ; soil moisture ; soil mineral nitrogen ; models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The LEACHM model developed by Wagenet and Hutson [1989] was used to predict the mineral nitrogen and water content in the soil under a winter wheat crop from February to April in two years and three locations. The model grossly overestimated soil water content, probably due to the bad fitting of the assumed water retentivity function to the experimental data at high water contents, and to the presence of a relatively shallow water table (1.0–1.5m). Measured soil hydraulic conductivity varied with water content in a different manner than predicted by the model. By assuming a sandy or gravelly soil layer between the bottom of the measured soil profile and the water table, prediction of soil water content improved considerably. Simulation showed that, under the experimental conditions studied, soil mineral nitrogen varied mainly due to the fertilizer additions, mineralization and denitrification. Nitrogen uptake by plants and leaching were small. Low values of nitrate leaching were predicted by the model because of low drainage. Large differences between predicted and observed values in the mineral nitrogen in the soil occurred in some cases, both in the total amount and its profile distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051125
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt tolerance in Lycopersicon species. I. Character definition and changes in gene expression (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 737-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Salt tolerance ; Lycopersicon ; Yield ; Proteins ; C4 species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Salt tolerance defined in terms of fruit yield under different NaCl concentrations (171.1 and 325.1 mM) is analyzed in 11 lines belonging to: Lycopersicon esculentum, L. cheesmanii, L. chmielewski, L. peruvianum and L. pimpinellifolium. Four L. pimpinellifolium lines and two L. cheesmanii lines tolerated the 171.1mM treatment; the latter species even tolerates 325.1 mM of NaCl. Changes in gene expression induced by salt treatment were also investigated by studying anther and leaf zymograms for L. esculentum and one salt-tolerant L. pimpinellifolium line, and leaf proteinograms for all lines. Changes in leaf PRX and MDH enzymatic systems were detected, mainly in the salt-sensitive genotype (L. esculentum). Four saltrelated peptides from 14 500 to 40 000 daltons were found. A polyclonal antibody raised against one of these peptides (number 2), also binds another peptide, named 2′, of much higher molecular weight, present both in control and salt-tolerant L. cheesmanii lines at the end of 171.1 mM treatment. The xero-halophyte shrub Atriplex halimus also showed a likely 2′-homologous peptide with this treatment, while its counterpart C3 species A. triangularis did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222664
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt tolerance in Lycopersicon species. III. Detection of quantitative trait loci by means of molecular markers (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 395-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Salt tolerance ; Lycopersicon ; Yield ; QTLs ; Molecular markers ; MAS ; Epistasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A segregating population derived from a cross between L. esculentum cv Madrigal and a line of L. pimpinellifolium was used to identify genetic markers linked to QTLs involved in salinity tolerance in terms of yield, under a conductivity of 15 dS/m (171.1 mM NaCl). Six markers resulted, associated with QTLs affecting average fruit weight, fruit number and total weight under salinity. One of them, Aco-1, behaves reversely to the expectation from parental means; this and other features make it a promising target to obtain salt-tolerant tomatoes. Epistatic interactions were also found, thus affecting the criteria for marker-assisted selection. Although only 41% of the loci assayed were polymorphic, a high efficiency in identifying QTLs was achieved, since 43% of the marker loci are linked to QTLs for the trait under study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223650
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power studies in the estimation of genetic parameters and the localization of quantitative trait loci for backcross and doubled haploid populations (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: QTL ; LOD score ; Genetic markers ; Interval mapping ; RFLPs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A statistical model for doubled haploids and backcrosses based on the interval-mapping methodology has been used to carry out power studies to investigate the effects of different experimental designs, heritabilities of the quantitative trait, and types of gene action, using two test statistics, the F of Fisher-Snedecor and the LOD score. The doubled haploid experimental design is more powerful than backcrosses while keeping actual type I errors similar to nominal ones. For the doubled haploid design, individual QTLs, showing heritabilities as low as 5% were detected in about 90% of the cases using only 250 individuals. The power to detect a given QTL is related to its contribution to the heritability of the trait. For a given nominal type I error, tests using F values are more powerful than with LOD scores. It seems that more conservative levels should be used for the LOD score in order to increase the power and obtain type I errors similar to nominal ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00838555
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variability in Lycopersicon species and their genetic relationships (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lycopersicon ; Isozymes ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic distance ; Salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetic diversity has to be described and measured in order to establish breeding strategies and manage genetic resources. It is also fundamental to develop a comparative intraspecific study before attempting to discuss and conclude any phylogenetic relationship. The genetic variability of Lycopersicon species was studied using starch gel electrophoresis of 11 enzymatic systems in a hierarchical fashion. The species with the greatest genetic variability are L. chilense, L. peruvianum and L. pennellii, mainly due to the within-line component. L. chmielewskii, L. parviflorum and L. pimpinellifolium show an intermediate total variability and their between-component clearly predominates over the within-component. The least variable species are L. cheesmanii and L. esculentum. Cluster analysis resulted in three main groups: one formed by the cultigen, L. pimpinellifolium, L. cheesmanii and L. peruvianum;another by two species with self-incompatibility systems, L. pennelli and L. chilense; and another by two autogamous species L. chmielewskii and L. parviflorum. With respect to L. esculentum the farthest related species is Solanum rickii and the closest, L. pimpinellifolium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223815
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt tolerance in Lycopersicon species. II. Genetic effects and a search for associated traits (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 769-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Salt tolerance ; Lycopersicon ; Heritability ; Genetic correlations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eleven quantitative traits, mostly related to tomato plant growth and fruit set, and their association with salt tolerance in terms of fruit yield under a 171.1 mM NaCl treatment have been investigated in 206 progeny derived from an interspecific hybrid, L. esculentum x L. pimpinellifolium, by self-pollination. None of the traits were highly correlated phenotypically to salt tolerance; however, the immunologically-detected presence of peptide 2′ was significantly associated with high total fruit weight (TW) and number (FN) under saline treatment. Broad-sense heritability was estimated for these two salt-tolerance components as 53.44 and 72.59 %, respectively. Non-additive gene effects, which have to be considered in a breeding program for salt tolerance, have been detected in TW, FN and in average fruit weight (FW). Given that different types of gene action have been found depending on the presence or absence of a high NaCl concentration in the nutrient solution, a different set of genes, or genes, differently regulated, must be involved in the expression of TW, FN and other fruit-related characters depending on this environmental condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222668
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotype x environment interaction in QTL analysis of an intervarietal almond cross by means of genetic markers (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 89 (1994), S. 358-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetic markers ; QTL ; G x E interaction ; Almond ; Flowering time ; Yield ; Tree breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Besides QTL location and the estimation of gene effects, QTL analysis based on genetic markers could be used to comprehensively investigate quantitative trait-related phenomena such as pleiotropy, gene interactions, heterosis, and genotype-by-environment interaction (G x E). Given that the G x E interaction is of great relevance in tree improvement, the objective of the research presented here was to study the effect of years on QTL detection for 15 quantitative traits by means of isozymatic markers in a large progeny group of an intervarietal cross of almond. At least 17 putative QTLs were detected, 3 of which had alleles with opposite effects to those predicted from the parental genotypes. Only 3 QTLs behaved homogeneously over the years. Three possible causes are discussed in relation to this lack of stability: the power of the test statistic being used, the low contribution of the QTL to the genetic variation of the trait, and a differential gene expression dependent on the year (G x E). Most cases showing lack of stability involved traits whose heritability estimates change drastically from year to year and/or whose correlation coefficients between years are low, suggesting the presence of G x E as the most likely cause. A marker-assisted selection scheme to improve late flowering and short flowering duration is suggested for an early and wide screening of the progeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225167
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene action in the resistance of peppers (Capsicum annuum) to Phytophthora stem blight (Phytophthora capsici L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 54 (1991), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Aggressiveness ; Capsicum annuum ; epistasis ; pepper ; Phytophthora capsici ; Phytophthora stem blight ; recurrent selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The variation among single and three-way crosses derived from seven lines of pepper (Capsicum annuum) selected for resistance to Phytophthora capsici was analyzed into statistical-genetic components due to general and specific combining abilities and additive-by-additive epistasis. Indirect evidence of higher order epistasis was also estimated. Epistasis was a principal source of variation. It was correlated with the level of aggressiveness of the pathogen. A breeding method such as recurrent selection seems to be the most appropriate to improve resistance to the fungus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039608
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