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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of two hymenopteran predators to surface Chemistry of their prey: Significance for an alkaloid-sequestering caterpillar (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 391-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Hymenoptera ; predation ; sequestration ; chemical ; defense ; cuticle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae ofUresiphita reversalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) sequester quinolizidine alkaloids from their leguminous hosts and store them primarily in the cuticle. Stored alkaloids are lost with the last larval molt. Extracts of late-instar larvae and of pupae were applied to larvae of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Gelichiidae), which are normally palatable to two hymenopteran predators, the Argentine ant,Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) (Formicidae), and the paper wasp,Mischocyttarus flavitarsus (Sauss.) (Vespidae). Larvae ofP. operculella treated with alkaloid extracts ofU. reversalis larval exuviae, or with surface extracts of whole larvae, were deterrent to both predators, compared to untreated prey. Extracts of pupal exuviae added toP. operculella, however, were not deterrent.P. operculella larvae treated with the authentic alkaloids sparteine and cytisine were also deterrent to these hymenopteran predators. Storage of small but concentrated amounts of plant secondary compounds in the cuticle appears to be an efficacious means of defense against at least two common predators of lepidopteran larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994340
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  • 2
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    Genes for epilepsy mapped in the mouse (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-09
    Description: The neurological mutant mouse strain E1 is a model for complex partial seizures in humans. The inheritance of epileptic seizures with seven conventional chromosomal markers and over 60 endogenous proviral markers was studied by means of back-crosses of E1 with two seizure-resistant strains, DBA/2J and ABP/LeJ. The major gene responsible for this epileptic phenotype (El-1) was localized to a region distal with respect to the centromere on chromosome 9. At least one other gene, El-2, linked to proviral markers on chromosome 2, also influences the seizure phenotype. In addition, a potential modifier of seizures was detected in the DBA/2J background. The location of El-1 on distal chromosome 9 may allow identification of an epilepsy candidate gene in humans on the basis of conserved synteny with human chromosome 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rise, M L -- Frankel, W N -- Coffin, J M -- Seyfried, T N -- NS 23355/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R35CA44385/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 9;253(5020):669-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill 02167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1871601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Epilepsy/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Seizures/genetics ; Software
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Long-term high-titer neutralizing activity induced by octameric synthetic HIV-1 antigen (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: A titer for homologous viral neutralization activity (greater than 1:19,683) was observed after a 3.5-year immunization period with an octameric, branching peptide representing the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of the human immunodeficiency virus-1IIIB envelope protein. Booster immunizations elicited persistent and potent antibodies in guinea pigs, exceeding responses produced by a conventional bovine serum albumin conjugate by 100-fold. Peptide length, central presentation of a conserved sequence, and inclusion of an upstream sequence contributed to immunogenicity. Titers (greater than 1:1,000) of heterotypic neutralizing antibodies also developed. Octameric PND peptides are a promising approach for an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, C Y -- Looney, D J -- Li, M L -- Walfield, A M -- Ye, J -- Hosein, B -- Tam, J P -- Wong-Staal, F -- IU01-AI-30238/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):285-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United Biomedical, Inc., Lake Success, NY 11042.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/genetics/*immunology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; HIV Antigens/genetics/*immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Mutations in aquaporin-1 in phenotypically normal humans without functional CHIP water channels (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-09
    Description: The gene aquaporin-1 encodes channel-forming integral protein (CHIP), a member of a large family of water transporters found throughout nature. Three rare individuals were identified who do not express CHIP-associated Colton blood group antigens and whose red cells exhibit low osmotic water permeabilities. Genomic DNA analyses demonstrated that two individuals were homozygous for different nonsense mutations (exon deletion or frameshift), and the third had a missense mutation encoding a nonfunctioning CHIP molecule. Surprisingly, none of the three suffers any apparent clinical consequence, which raises questions about the physiological importance of CHIP and implies that other mechanisms may compensate for its absence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Preston, G M -- Smith, B L -- Zeidel, M L -- Moulds, J J -- Agre, P -- DK32753/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL33991/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL48268/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 9;265(5178):1585-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7521540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquaporin 1 ; *Aquaporins ; Base Sequence ; Blood Group Antigens ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Erythrocyte Membrane/chemistry/physiology ; Exons ; Female ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Ion Channels/blood/*genetics/urine ; Kidney Tubules/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Saltation and stasis: a model of human growth (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-30
    Description: Human growth has been viewed as a continuous process characterized by changing velocity with age. Serial length measurements of normal infants were assessed weekly (n = 10), semiweekly (n = 18), and daily (n = 3) (19 females and 12 males) during their first 21 months. Data show that growth in length occurs by discontinuous, aperiodic saltatory spurts. These bursts were 0.5 to 2.5 centimeters in amplitude during intervals separated by no measurable growth (2 to 63 days duration). These data suggest that 90 to 95 percent of normal development during infancy is growth-free and length accretion is a distinctly saltatory process of incremental bursts punctuating background stasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lampl, M -- Veldhuis, J D -- Johnson, M L -- DK 38942/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- KO4HD00634/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 30;258(5083):801-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Body Height ; Cephalometry ; Female ; *Growth ; Head/growth & development ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kinetics ; Male ; *Models, Biological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apple ermine moth,Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller Two components of female sex pheromone gland highly effective in field trapping tests (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 477-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; Yponomeuta malinellus ; sex pheromone ; apple ermine moth ; (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When electroantennographic responses of maleYponomeuta malinellus Zeller to model compounds were determined at dosages of 0.3–30 ng, the strongest responses were obtained from (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z9–12∶Ac). Also, strong responses were obtained from (Z)-11-tetradecenal (Z11–14∶A1) and (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (Zl1–14∶OH). At a dosage of 0.3 ng,Z11–14∶A1 produced a stronger response thanZ11–14∶OH, while at a dosage of 30 ng,Z11–14∶OH andZ11–14∶A1 produced equal responses. Gas chromatographic and mass spectral analysis of extracts of female sex pheromone glands showed the presence ofZ9–12∶Ac, tetradecan-1-ol (14∶OH), (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (E11–14∶OH),Z11–14∶OH, hexadecan-1-ol, and hexadecan-1-ol acetate in a ratio of 0.6∶200∶37∶100∶140∶35. In field tests,Z9–12∶Ac andZ11–14∶OH together were required for trap catch, and addition ofZ11–14∶A1,E11–14∶OH, 14∶OH, or (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate did not increase catch. Ratios in rubber septa of 0.5∶99.5 to 1.5∶98.5 (Z9–12∶ Ac/Z11–14∶OH) captured the most males and captures were statistically equivalent for dosages of 10–1000 μg/rubber septum. Traps baited with the synthetic lure produced better catches than those baited with females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021779
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mint root borer,Fumibotys fumalis (Guenee): Identification and field tests of female sex pheromone gland components (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Pyraustinae ; Pyraustini ; Fumibotys fumalis ; sex pheromone ; (E,E)-10 ; 12-tetradecadienyl acetate ; (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Compounds identified in sex pheromone gland extracts of femaleFumibotys fumalis (Guenee) consisted of (E,E)-10,12-tetradecadienyi acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate in a ratio of 100:18: 8:4, respectively. The compounds were identified by electroantennographic, gas Chromatographic, mass spectrometric, and chemical derivatization procedures. In mint fields synthetic components in gray elastomeric septa at ratios found in the sex pheromone gland and at doses of 3 or 10 mg of the diene produced trap catch comparable to traps baited with three females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994330
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host-marking pheromones in lepidoptera, with special reference to twoPieris spp (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3043-3052 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: oviposition-deterring pheromone ; Pieris brassicae ; Pieris rapae ; oviposition ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; dispersal behavior ; pheromone perception ; oviposition-deterring pheromone receptors ; electroantennogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Adult females of several lepidopteran species avoid oviposition near conspecific eggs. Laboratory and field studies indicate that visual factors as well as chemical host markers may be involved in egg avoidance behavior. The oviposition-deterring pheromones (ODP) of two pierids,P. brassicae andP. rapae have been studied in considerable detail. The ODPs are probably produced in the female accessory glands and contain volatile and nonvolatile components. They are perceived by nonspecialized antennal or tarsal receptors, respectively. The ODP ofP. brassicae affects oviposition ofP. rapae females and vice versa. ODPs show promise for insect control programs, but more information on oviposition behavior in the presence of ODP under field conditions is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979611
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Roles of minor components in pheromone-mediated behavior of western spruce budworm male moths (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1517-1530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Choristoneura occidentalis ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromones ; behavior ; flight tunnel ; minor components ; electroantennograms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The behavior of male western spruce budworm moths,Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, was observed in a flight tunnel in response to virgin females and synthetic sex pheromone components, alone and in blends. Pheromone blends were also compared in the field using sticky trap bioassays. Pheromones were incorporated into small rods of polyvinyl chloride. The blend of 92∶8 (E/Z)-11-tetradecenal-89∶11 (E/Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate-85∶15 (E/Z)-11-tetradecenol (Ald∶Ac∶OH) that approximated that released from a virgin female moth elicited levels of response similar to those elicited by the female. This blend induced a significantly greater percentage of moths to fly upwind and land at the lure than did the Ald lure. In contrast to the flight-tunnel bioassays, the numbers of moths caught in Ald-baited sticky traps in the field were not significantly increased by the addition of Ac and OH lures. The net upwind groundspeed of flight in response to the 0.05% Ald lure was lower than that in response to the virgin females and was significantly increased by the addition of Ac + OH lures in two of three bioassays. The flight-tunnel bioassays support the hypothesis that the natural blend of major (Ald) and minor (Ac + OH) components stimulates the precopulatory behavior of western spruce budworm male moths at long range (〉 1 m downwind) as well as at close range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014086
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does the imported cabbageworm,Pieris rapae, use an oviposition deterring pheromone? (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1649-1655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pieris rapae ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; imported cabbageworm ; oviposition deterring pheromone ; egg dispersion ; chemoreception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Eggs ofPieris rapae (L.) contain a water- and methanol-soluble oviposition-deterring pheromone (ODP) that is avoided by ovipositing females offered treated and untreated cabbage leaves in a choice situation. Water extracts of female accessory glands also deter oviposition. Egg washes and gland extracts stimulate a contact chemoreceptor in sensilla on the fore tarsi. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings show that antennal receptors respond to volatiles from conspecific eggs, but not to volatiles from eggs ofMamestra brassicae. No differences were detected between North American and European insects with regard to production and perception of ODP. These results differ from conclusions in the literature based upon field observations. It is concluded that this discrepancy in due to methodological differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014097
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