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  • GEOPHYSICS  (4)
  • Debittering  (3)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous limonin degradation by immobilized Rhodococcus fascians cells in K-carrageenan (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Keywords: Key words Limonin ; Debittering ; Immobilization ; Rhodococcus fascians ; Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Limonin can be effectively degraded by Rhodococcus fascians cells. These bacteria can be entrapped in κ-carrageenan, and used in a continuous stirred tank reactor to degrade limonin in a continuous process. The effects of temperature, limonin concentration, dilution rate, and aeration on the reactor behaviour have been tested, and the results correlated with changes in limonin conversion, substrate degradation rate, and free and immobilized biomass. Results showed that the immobilized cells were able to debitter limonin-containing media and the immobilized biomass was quite stable throughout the operational conditions tested. A population of free biomass was present in the reactor, the quantity of which was dependent on dilution rate. The immobilized bacteria increased its limonin-degrading capability when the substrate concentration was increased. The aeration was not strictly necessary for limonin degradation. Additionally, the immobilized cells were active and stable for more than 2 months of continuous operation, and were able to recover their limonin-degrading capability when used intermittently. Finally, none of the main components of a juice was noticeably altered during limonin degradation, so the reactor response was good enough to consider its application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982541
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous limonin degradation by immobilizedRhodococcus fascians cells in K-carrageenan (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Keywords: Limonin ; Debittering ; Immobilization ; Rhodococcus fascians ; Continuous Stirred Tank ; Reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Limonin can be effectively degraded byRhodococcus fascians cells. These bacteria can be entraped in κ-carrageenan, and used in a continuous stirred tank reactor to degrade limonin in a continuous process. The effects of temperature limonin concentration, dilution rate, and aeration on the reactor behaviour have been tested, and the results correlated with changes in limonin conversion, substrate degradation rate, and free and immobilized biomass. Results showed that the immobilized cells were able to debitter limonin-containing media and the immobilized biomass was quite stable throughout the operational conditions tested. A population of free biomass was present in the reactor, the quantity of which was dependent on dilution rate. The immobilized bacteria increased its limonin-degrading capability when the substrate concentration was increased. The aeration was not strictly necessary for limonin degradation. Additionally, the immobilized cells were active and stable for more than 2 months of continuous operation, and were able to recover their limonin-degrading capability when used intermittently. Finally, none of the main components of a juice was noticeably altered during limonin degradation, so the reactor response was good enough to consider its application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00939041
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous limonin degradation by immobilizedRhodococcus fascians cells in K-carrageenan (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 41 (1994), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Keywords: Limonin ; Debittering ; Immobilization ; Rhodococcus fascians ; Continuous Stirred Tank ; Reactor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Limonin can be effectively degraded byRhodococcus fascians cells. These bacteria can be entraped in κ-carrageenan, and used in a continuous stirred tank reactor to degrade limonin in a continuous process. The effects of temperature limonin concentration, dilution rate, and aeration on the reactor behaviour have been tested, and the results correlated with changes in limonin conversion, substrate degradation rate, and free and immobilized biomass. Results showed that the immobilized cells were able to debitter limonin-containing media and the immobilized biomass was quite stable throughout the operational conditions tested. A population of free biomass was present in the reactor, the quantity of which was dependent on dilution rate. The immobilized bacteria increased its limonin-degrading capability when the substrate concentration was increased. The aeration was not strictly necessary for limonin degradation. Additionally, the immobilized cells were active and stable for more than 2 months of continuous operation, and were able to recover their limonin-degrading capability when used intermittently. Finally, none of the main components of a juice was noticeably altered during limonin degradation, so the reactor response was good enough to consider its application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01982541
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binary ion exchange equilibrium for Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+ and H+ ions on amberlite IR-120 (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 16 (1993), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data are reported for ion exchange equilibria of binary systems on Amberlite IR-120 resin, at different temperatures and total ionic concentrations in aqueous solutions. These systems exhibit non-ideal behaviour in both phases, and the equilibrium characterization has been based on the law of mass action, using Wilson and Meisssner, and Kusik equations to correlate the activity coefficients in the resin and aqueous solutions, respectively. Equilibrium constants, standard thermodynamic properties (Gibbs free enthalpy changes, enthalpy and entropy) and Wilson binary parameters were obtained as functions of temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270160107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new pneumatic bearing dynamometer for power input measurement in stirred tanks (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A turntable dynamometer has been constructed for the accurate measurement of power input and mixing applications in bench stirred tank reactors. The main feature of this device is a pneumatic bearing with complementary conical parts. The conical pneumatic bearing permitted to apply eccentric loads without affecting its stability. The static friction torque in the pneumatic bearing was very small, 4 × 10-4 Nm, and can be neglected in the experimental ranges of measured torques, i.e. from 5 × 10-3 to 2.21 Nm. In accordance with the instrumentation used, the deviations obtained with the apparatus are less than 10% at low torque readings. At moderate torques, deviations lower than 1% are routinely obtained. Several power input measurements show that the obtained data scatter is lower than 2.5%. The power input response in the turbulent regime is in agreement with dimensional analysis: the power input depends on the cube of the impeller speed. In addition, data obtained with a turbine impeller under ungassed conditions agree with the predictions of a published correlation, which takes into account several geometrical parameters.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic study of the synthesis of n-octyl octanoate using cobalt chloride as catalyst (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 17 (1994), S. 210-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the pseudohomogeneous liquid phase synthesis of a high molecular weight ester in a stirred tank reactor using cobalt chloride as catalyst has been studied at various temperatures, catalyst concentrations, and acid/alcohol molar ratios. A kinetic model has been determined that predicts the experimental results quite well.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270170310
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  • 7
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    Phase transformations in 40-60-GPa shocked gneisses from the Haughton Crater (Canada): An Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy (ATEM) study (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: In order to better understand phase transformations, chemical migration, and isotopic disequilibrium in highly shocked rocks, we have performed a microprobe and an ATEM study on gneisses shocked up to 60 GPa from the Haughton Crater. This study reveals the following chemical and structural characteristics: (1) SiO2 dominant areas are formed by a mixture of pure SiO2 polycrystalline quartz identified by electron diffraction pattern and chemical analysis and a silica-rich amorphous phase containing minor amounts of aluminium, potassium, and iron; (2) Areas with biotitelike composition are formed by less than 200-nm grains of iron-rich spinels embedded in a silica-rich amorphous phase that is very similar to the one described above; (3) Layers with feldsparlike composition are constituted by 100-200-nm-sized alumina-rich grains (the indexation of the crystalline structure is under progress) and the silica-rich amorphous phase; (4) Zones characterized by the unusual Al/Si ratio close to 1 are formed by spinel grains (200-nm-sized) embedded in the same silica-rich amorphous phase; and (5) The fracturated sillimanites contain domains with a lamellar structure, defined by the intercalation of 100-nm-wide lamellae of mullite crystals and of a silica-rich amorphous phase. These mullite crystals preserved the crystallographical orientation of the preshock sillimanite. All compositional domains, identified at the microprobe scale, can thus be explained by a mixture in different proportion between the following phases: (1) a silica-rich amorphous phase, with minor Al and K; (2) quartz crystals; (3) spinel crystals and alumina-rich crystals; (4) sillimanite; and (5) mullite. Such mixtures of amorphous phases and crystals in different proportions explain disturbed isotope systems in these rocks and chemical heterogeneities observed on the microprobe.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., International Conference on Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution; p 49-50
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Stratospheric aircraft exhaust plume and wake chemistry studies (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report documents progress to date in an ongoing study to analyze and model emissions leaving a proposed High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) from when the exhaust gases leave the engine until they are deposited at atmospheric scales in the stratosphere. Estimates are given for the emissions, summarizing relevant earlier work (CIAP) and reviewing current propulsion research efforts. The chemical evolution and the mixing and vortical motion of the exhaust are analyzed to track the exhaust and its speciation as the emissions are mixed to atmospheric scales. The species tracked include those that could be heterogeneously reactive on the surfaces of the condensed solid water (ice) particles and on exhaust soot particle surfaces. Dispersion and reaction of chemical constituents in the far wake are studied with a Lagrangian air parcel model, in conjunction with a radiation code to calculate the net heating/cooling. Laboratory measurements of heterogeneous chemistry of aqueous sulfuric acid and nitric acid hydrates are also described. Results include the solubility of HCl in sulfuric acid which is a key parameter for modeling stratospheric processing. We also report initial results for condensation of nitric acid trihydrate from gas phase H2O and HNO3.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-189688 , NAS 1.26:189688 , ARI-RR-902
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Stratospheric aircraft exhaust plume and wake chemistry (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Progress to date in an ongoing study to analyze and model emissions leaving a proposed High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) from when the exhaust gases leave the engine until they are deposited at atmospheric scales in the stratosphere is documented. A kinetic condensation model was implemented to predict heterogeneous condensation in the plume regime behind an HSCT flying in the lower stratosphere. Simulations were performed to illustrate the parametric dependence of contrail droplet growth on the exhaust condensation nuclei number density and size distribution. Model results indicate that the condensation of water vapor is strongly dependent on the number density of activated CN. Incorporation of estimates for dilution factors into a Lagrangian box model of the far-wake regime with scale-dependent diffusion indicates negligible decrease in ozone and enhancement of water concentrations of 6-13 times background, which decrease rapidly over 1-3 days. Radiative calculations indicate a net differential cooling rate of the plume about 3K/day at the beginning of the wake regime, with a total subsidence ranging between 0.4 and 1 km. Results from the Lagrangian plume model were used to estimate the effect of repeated superposition of aircraft plumes on the concentrations of water and NO(y) along a flight corridor. Results of laboratory studies of heterogeneous chemistry are also described. Kinetics of HCl, N2O5 and ClONO2 uptake on liquid sulfuric acid were measured as a function of composition and temperature. Refined measurements of the thermodynamics of nitric acid hydrates indicate that metastable dihydrate may play a role in the nucleation of more stable trihydrates PSC's.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-191495 , NAS 1.26:191495 , ARI-RR-1006
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Microspacecraft and Earth observation: Electrical field (ELF) measurement project (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Utah State University space system design project for 1989 to 1990 focuses on the design of a global electrical field sensing system to be deployed in a constellation of microspacecraft. The design includes the selection of the sensor and the design of the spacecraft, the sensor support subsystems, the launch vehicle interface structure, on board data storage and communications subsystems, and associated ground receiving stations. Optimization of satellite orbits and spacecraft attitude are critical to the overall mapping of the electrical field and, thus, are also included in the project. The spacecraft design incorporates a deployable sensor array (5 m booms) into a spinning oblate platform. Data is taken every 0.1 seconds by the electrical field sensors and stored on-board. An omni-directional antenna communicates with a ground station twice per day to down link the stored data. Wrap-around solar cells cover the exterior of the spacecraft to generate power. Nine Pegasus launches may be used to deploy fifty such satellites to orbits with inclinations greater than 45 deg. Piggyback deployment from other launch vehicles such as the DELTA 2 is also examined.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-186821 , NAS 1.26:186821
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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