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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (74)
  • Column liquid chromatography  (4)
  • pearl millet  (4)
  • 1990-1994  (82)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: coleoptile length ; dwarf mutants ; gibberellin levels ; gibberellin sensitivity ; pearl millet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The concentrations of endogenous gibberellins (GAs) were determined by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in shoots of five non-allelic dwarfs of pearl millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. One mutant (d3), with an extreme dwarf phenotype, was found to be deficient in all GAs measured; the others (d1, d2, d4 and the quantitatively inherited dwarf) had similar levels of GAs to the tall genotype. Only the GA-deficient dwarf recovered the tall phenotype in response to applying GA3 up to the adult stage, while the others showed slight to moderate responses at the seedling stage, depending on the season, and no response at later stages. The d1, d3 and d4 dwarfs had short coleoptiles. A wide range of coleoptile lengths with a normal distribution pattern was observed in the tall, d2 and the quantitatively inherited dwarf, suggesting that there is polygenic control of this trait.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 935-945 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Oxoalkyl acrylates of long-chain 7-oxo alcohols were synthesized as intermediate monomers for the preparation of poly[n-alkyl (oxy) -n-hexyl acrylates] for the first time. These polymers have wide applications as fluidity improvers (pour point depressants) for petroleum crude oils. Characterization of all the intermediate monomers was done by IR, 1H-NMR, and MS, and that of polymers by IR, 1H-NMR, and GPC. These polymers were systematically investigated for their efficacy as pour point depressants on three types of high waxy Bombay High (Indian) crudes. In addition to establishing the pour points, relevant rheological parameters of the untreated and the additive-treated crude oils were determined in the laboratory with a rotational viscometer. Results of the crude oils that were pre- and posttreated with these new polymers have shown enhanced activity of flow properties as compared to the crudes that were treated with poly(n-alkyl acrylate) flow improver.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Koordinationspolymere von 5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4-naphthochinon mit Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) wurden hergestellt und durch Elementaranalyse, DSC, IR-Spektroskopie und Messung der magnetischen Momente charakterisiert. Aus den DSC-Daten wurden die Reaktionsordnungen und die Aktivierungsenergien des thermischen Abbaus der Polymeren berechnet. Die elektrischen Eigenschaften wie Dielektrizitätskonstante und Wechselstromleitfähigkeit wurden gemessen. Aus Röntgen-Pulverdiagrammen wurden die Elementarzellenparameter berechnet und die Kristallsymmetrie bestimmt.
    Notes: Coordination polymers of Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) with 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and magnetic moment studies. From DSC data, the order of the decomposition reaction and the activation energy for the decomposition of the different polymers have been evaluated. Electrical properties like the dielectric constant and the dc conductivity of the polymers have been measured. From x-ray powder diffractograms cell parameters were calculated, the pattern indexed, and the symmetry determined.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 42 (1991), S. 379-383 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Mechanismus der Ladungsspeicherung in Poly(acrylamid)-Filmen wurde mit der Methode der thermisch stimulierten Depolarisationsströme (TSDC) untersucht. Die TSDC wurden in Abhängigkeit von der Feldstärke, der Temperatur und der Dauer der Polarisation bei verschiedenen Aufheizgeschwindigkeiten gemessen. Bei niedrigen Polarisationstemperaturen wurde in den TSDC-Spektren nur ein Peak gefunden, bei höheren Polarisationstemperaturen traten zwei Peaks auf. Der erste Peak wurde der Dipolorientierung, der zweite der Raumladungspolarisation zugeordnet.
    Notes: The charge storage mechanism in poly(acrylamide) films was studied by means of the technique of thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC). The TSDC were measured as a function of field strength, temperature and time of polarization in dependence on the heating rate. One peak was observed on the TSDC spectra at low polarizing temperatures, while two peaks occurred for higher polarizing temperatures. The first peak was attributed to dipole orientation and the second one to space charge polarization.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 43 (1992), S. 68-71 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly(vinylalkohol)-Filme wurden bei unterschiedlichen elektrischen Feldstärken und Temperaturen polarisiert. Die Peaktemperatur der TSDC-Spektren verschob sich mit steigender Polungsfeldstärke und Polungstemperatur zu höheren Werten. Die Aktivierungsenergien und die Relaxationsparameter des Prozesses wurden ermittelt. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse wurde der Ursprung der TSDC der Raumladungspolarisation mit einem geringen von der Dipolorientierung herrührenden Beitrag zugeordnet.
    Notes: Poly(vinyl alcohol) films were polarized at different electrical field strengths and temperatures. The peak temperature of the TSDC spectra shifted to higher values with increasing polarizing field strength and polarizing temperature. The activation energies and relaxation parameters of the process were evaluated. Based on the results, the origin of TSDC was attributed to space charge polarization with some contribution of dipole orientation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Films aus Mischungen von Poly(vinylalkohol) und Poly(vinylpyrrolidon) wurden aus Lösungen der Homopolymere hergestellt. Die stationäre elektrische Leitung wurde im Temperaturbereich 309 K bis 450 K bei Feldstärken von 0,75 bis 46,5 · 106 V/m unter Verwendung unterschiedlichen Elektrodenmaterials untersucht. Der Ladungstransport wird mit der Injektion von Ladungsträgern aus dem Elektrodenmaterial in das Dielektrikum nach einem Richardson Schottky-Mechanismus und nachfolgendem Einfangen und Freisetzung nach dem Poole-Frenkel-Mechanismus erklärt.
    Notes: Polyblend films of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) were prepared from solutions of the homopolymers. The steady-state electrical conduction was studied in the temperature range from 309 K to 450 K at the field strength of 0.75 to 46.5 · 106 V/m using different electrode materials. The charge transport is attributed to the injection of charge carriers from the electrode materials into the dielectric according to the Richardson-Schottky mechanism and their subsequent trapping and release according to the Poole-Frenkel mechanism.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 42 (1991), S. 465-469 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die stationäre elektrische Leitung in aus der Lösung erhaltenen Poly(acrylamid)-Filmen wurde im Temperaturbereich von 303 bis 450 K bei unterschiedlichen Feldstärken untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Richardson-Schottky- und Poole-Frenkel-Mechanismen gleichzeitig auftreten. In mit Eosin bzw. Rhodamin B dotierten Filmen wurde die elektrische Leitung der Bildung von Charge-Transfer-Komplexen zugeschrieben.
    Notes: The steady state electrical conduction in solution grown poly(acrylamide) films was investigated in the temperature range 303 to 450 K at different field strengths. It was found that the Richardson-Schottky and Poole-Frenkel mechanisms operate simultaneously. In films doped with cosin and rhodamine B, respectively, the electrical conduction was attributed to the formation of charge transfer complexes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: perennials ; agroforestry ; alley cropping ; hedgerow intercropping ; Leucaena ; pearl millet ; pigeonpea ; castor ; semi-arid tropics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An experiment was conducted at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, India from June 1984 to April 1988 on a shallow Alfisol to determine whether the productivity of annual crop systems can be improved by adding perennial species such as Leucaena leucocephala managed as hedgerows. Except in the first year, crop yields were suppressed by Leucaena due to competition for moisture. The severity of competition was high in years of low rainfall and on long-duration crops such as castor and pigeonpea. Based on total biomass, sole Leucaena was most productive; even on the basis of land productivity requiring both Leucaena fodder and annual crops, alley cropping had little or no advantage over block planting of both components. Application of hedge prunings as green manure or mulch on top of 60 kg N and 30 kg P 2 O 5ha−1 to annual crops did not show any benefit during the experimental period, characterized by below average rainfall. Indications are that (i) alley cropping was beneficial in terms of soil and water conservation with less runoff and soil loss with 3 m alleys than with 5.4 m alleys, and (ii) root pruning or deep ploughing might be effective in reducing moisture competition.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 25-31 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum ; pearl millet ; dwarfing gene ; near-isogenic lines ; yield and yield components
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A d2 dwarfing gene in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is currently being extensively used for the development of hybrid parents. Its effect on grain yield and yield components is poorly understood. Twelve pairs of tall and dwarf near-isogenic lines developed in the diverse genetic background of three composites were evaluated for grain yield and yield components for 2 years at two locations in southern India. The d2 gene or the genes linked to it, on an average, reduced plant height by 42%, grain yield by 14%, and head girth by 8% but increased head length and number of tillers per plant by about 5–6%. Large variations were observed among pairs (genetic background) for the difference between tall and dwarf near-isogenic lines for all of the above yield components resulting in no significant difference in five pairs and 17–35% less yield in dwarfs as compared to their tall counterparts in six pairs. Days to 50% flowering and seed weight were least affected by the d2 gene with the average difference between tall and dwarf groups of near-isogenic lines being of the order of 1–2%. These results indicate that the advantageous effects of d2 dwarfing gene can be effectively exploited by manipulating the genetic background. The difference between the average grain yields of tall and dwarf groups of near-isogenic lines showed considerable variation across environments with the dwarfs yielding as much as tall group in one environment and up to 30% less than the tall group in the other, thus, indicating that the d2 gene effect may be substantially modified by the environments.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum ; pearl millet ; landrace cultivars ; topcross hybrids ; grain yield ; downy mildew ; renstance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) cultivars for marginal, arid environments need to combine the adaptation to stress conditions of indigenous landraces with an improved yield potential and disease resistance, to allow them to both perform well in farmers fields and to meet the requirements for cultivar release. This paper evaluates landrace-based topcross hybrids (adapted landraces crossed on high-yielding male-sterile lines), as a quick and efficient way of achieving this objective. Topcross hybrids showed a consistent increase in biomass production across all test environments, including the harsh arid zone environments. Depending upon the plant type of the male-sterile used to make the hybrid, this was expressed as increased grain yield only, or increased grain and fodder yields. The downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola) reaction of the topcross hybrids was determined by the reaction of the male-sterile line used, with the resistant male-sterile producing resistant topcross hybrids and vice-versa. Topcrossing adapted landraces on high-yielding male-sterile lines thus provides an opportunity to improve disease resistance and grain and/or fodder yields, with no apparent loss of adaptation to the marginal environments in which the landraces have evolved.
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