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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and structure-mechanical property relations in poly(aryl ether ether ketone) [PEEK] (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 860-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the development of advanced composite materials, the mechanical behavior of the matrix is of critical importance. The next generation of composite materials will be based on high modulus tough matrices, of which poly(aryl ether ether ketone) [hereinafter, referred to as PEEK] is one of the first crystalline thermoplastics to receive serious attention. As in all crystalline polymers, the matrix is itself a composite material whose properties depend significantly on the crystalline morphology developed during processing. In this contribution, the current understanding of crystallization in PEEK and its influence on mechanical properties is reviewed. Problems yet to be resolved are highlighted.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301409
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity effects in cocurrent three-phase fluidization (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1613-1616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361024
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle-to-bubble adhesion in gas/liquid/solid slurries (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 1801-1809 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In gas/liquid/solid slurries, adhesion of small particles to gas bubbles is often encountered, for example, during flotation of finely divided minerals and in slurry reactors where particle-to-bubble adhesion may result in an enhanced gas absorption rate (Wimmers, 1987; Lindner, 1988). The adhesion of small particles to gas bubbles in water is studied with a modified bubble pick-up method. The extent of the particle-to-bubble adhesion is revealed in the angle αmax, by which the gas-bubble surface is covered by adhering particles under static conditions. It is shown that αmax depends on the modified Eötvös number, the ratio of the particle and bubble radii, and the effective contact angle θE. It is also found that θE is affected by the curvature of the three-phase contact ring and by the type of the gas.A “particle-to-bubble adhesion” model, indicated by PBA model, based on a balance of forces under static conditions, is developed to calculate the value of θE from the measured values of αmax. The measured values of cos(θE) appeared to be a linear function of the curvature 1/r of the three-phase contact ring which is in accordance with the extended Young-Dupré equation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690371205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rhecological properties on power consumption with helical ribbon agitators (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 1421-1430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of shear thinning and viscoelasticity on the power required for the mixing of viscous liquids using six different helical ribbon agitators has been investigated. Four Newtonian and 12 non-Newtonian fluids prepared using several polymers dissolved in varying concentrations in different solvents cover a wide range of rheological properties. By a careful choice of test media, the specific and combined effects of shear thinning and viscoelasticity on the power requirement have been examined. Simple models are proposed to predict the effective shear rate in the tank from the knowledge of the torque or power number. The effective shear rate predictions compared with the effective shear rate estimated using the scheme of Metzner and Otto (1957) show that they slightly depend on the shear thinning properties. Fluid's elasticity increases appreciably the power requirement, and departures from the generalized Newtonian power curve in the laminar regime are observed at smaller Reynolds numbers for viscoelastic fluids. Bottom wall resistance of the mixing vessel makes a negligible contribution to the power consumption.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food sterilization by electrical heating: Sensitivity to process parameters (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 888-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design of efficient continuous sterilization equipment for flowing solid-liquid food mixtures requires that temperature and velocity distributions within the fluid are known. In electrical (ohmic) heating, electric current is passed through a two-sterilize it. This allows rapid sterilization of solid-liquid mixtures which minimizes quality loss. A computational process model simulates the effect of realistic physical property changes. The effect of variations in physical properties can have a significant effect on the temperature of the product and thus on its sterility. Realistic designs will have to cope with temperature differences between phases. Experimental data for velocities in a food flow have been incorporated into an enthalpy balance model for heat transfer in solid-liquid mixtures. The effect of inlet temperature on the length of hold tube required to give the necessary process sterility calculated shows the variation in output conditions that might results in real systems.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400515
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extrudate roughness of high-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene: Determination of key parameters using screening design (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 1047-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A screening design is used to establish the contribution of various parameters to the roughness of cylindrical extrudates. A dimensionless response variable is proposed to characterize the extrudate roughness, and the effects of ten parameters on this roughness response were examined. Two polyethylenes (one high density and one linear low density) were investigated using a 45 mm single screw extruder. The results show that the main parameters affecting the extrudate roughness are, in order of importance, apparent shear stress at the die wall, die diameter, ratio of die length to diameter, and type of polymer. The other six parameters (the use of an additive, recycling, type of entrance adapter, die material, die temperature, melt temperature) were found to have a non-significant contribution to roughness.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760341303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing the formation of elongated morphologies in immiscible polymer blends during melt processing (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 851-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The morphology of the dispersed phase in immiscible polymer blends plays an important role in the determination of the final physical properties. This paper considers factors that influence the final state of deformation of the dispersed phase, and in particular, the formation of fibers and lamellae. Blends of polyethylene and nylon-6 were extruded by ribbon extrusion at different draw ratios. Prior to single-screw extrusion the materials were blended in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, and the size of the dispersed phase was studied as a function of the viscosity ratio. As the blends are extruded into ribbons and drawn through the calender rolls, the morphology of the dispersed phase undergoes drastic transformations. The fiber formation is enhanced by increasing the draw ratio. At high draw ratios, long thin fibers are observed. Some biaxial deformation is obtained for the noncompatibilized systems when the extruded materials enter the calender with the maximum closing pressure applied to the rolls. The same effect is observed for the compatibilized systems with lower values of the viscosity ratio. As a general rule, it has been observed that the final dispersed phase deformation is diminished in interfacially compatibilized systems.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331310
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melt immiscibility in crosslinked polyethylene (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 444-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Low density polyethylene crosslinked by decomposition of dicumyl peroxide shows evidence for two phases being present in the melt in a narrow temperature range just above the melting point. The effect has been studied in detail using differential scanning calorimetry, transmitted light intensity, and wide angle X-ray diffraction studies at 107°C. It is believed that the effect is caused by the presence of relatively low molecular weight molecules which remain as an extractable fraction after crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300803
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual polymer bonding of thermoplastic composite structures (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 526-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes a process that facilitates fusion bonding of thermoplastic composite components without the need for complex fixtures and without disrupting the fiber alignment in the component laminates. The dual polymer bonding process, Thermabond, requires that an interlayer polymer be fused to the surface of each laminate prior to bonding. The characteristics of the interlayer polymer allow for joining of the components at a temperature below the softening/melting point of the reinforced polymer in the composite laminates. This leads to significant processing advantages without significant loss in mechanical performance. Discussions of resin compatibility, the effect of process conditions on mechanical performance, and the application of the APC-2/PEI Thermabond system to various structural components are included.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310709
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The elastic properties of random-in-plane short fiber reinforced polymer composites (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 74-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Four types of random-in-plane short fiber reinforced polymer composites were manufactured by the prepreg route using carbon or glass fiber tissue and 913 or 924 epoxy resin. The in-plane Young's modules and in-plane shear modulus of the composites were measured over the temperature range - 100 to + 200°C by dynamic mechanical analysis using three point bend and rectangular torsion testing geometries. Theoretical predictions of the elastic properties of the composites were determined over the same temperature range and compared with the experiment. Of particular interest was the use of the “S mixing rule” of McGee and McCullough to determine a single theoretical estimate for the composite elastic properties. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory was found for the four composites over the majority of the measured temperature range.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150111
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