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  • Articles  (37)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (15)
  • Engineering  (13)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (6)
  • Blue-green algae  (3)
  • 1990-1994  (37)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of river discharge on the circulation in the western Bay of Bengal (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 15 (1992), S. 1149-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Coastal upwelling ; Turbulence energy ; Exchange coefficient ; Roughness length ; Co-ordinate transformation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A three-dimensional numerical model has been applied to study the impact of freshwater discharge from a river on the coastal circulation in the western Bay of Bengal. The basic dynamical framework of the model follows closely that described by Johns et al.1 for the simulation of coastal upwelling off the east coast of India. Using this model, experiments have been performed to investigate the impact of the freshwater discharge at the location of Godavari river along the east coast of India. A comparison of the model results, with and without the inclusion of river discharge, shows that the river discharge into the western Bay of Bengal suppresses the upwelling near the river mouth. Though there are no detailed observations on the flow structure near the mouth of the Godavari river, the computed results are in qualitative agreement with the observations documented by Rao and Jayaraman2 and Rao,3 who have shown that during monsoon period the upwelling off Godavari estuary is suppressed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650151002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of surface growth of blue-green algae and bryophytes on some microbiological, biochemical, and physical soil properties (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Blue-green algae ; Soil inoculation ; Microbial biomass ; Enzyme activities ; Soil nitrogen ; Soil aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of surface growth of inoculated cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) on subsurface properties of a brown earth, silt loam soil was studied in reconstituted flooded soil columns. One blue-green algae species, Nostoc muscorum, become dominant within the first 7 days of inoculation. In light control columns (not inoculated) a bryophyte, Barbula recurvirostra, was dominant although significant growth of indigenous blue-green algae occurred. The blue-green algae counts were in the range of 1×106 g-1 dry soil in the surface layer (0–0.7 cm) in both columns. Any effect of surface phototrophic growth on soil properties was restricted to the surface layer. In inoculated columns there was a twofold increase in microbial biomass and an eightfold increase in bacterial numbers by week 13. However, bacterial numbers declined so that there was only a 2.8-fold increase by week 21. Dehydrogenase (x2.1), urease (x2.8) and phosphatase (x3.1) activities and polysaccharides (+69%) increased by week 21 as a result of the blue-green algae inoculation along with a significant improvement in soil aggregation. However, similar increases occurred in the light control columns, indicating that given appropriate conditions of light and moisture indigenous species may be ultimately as effective as introduced species in bringing about biochemical and microbiological changes to soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336233
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of blue-green algae and bryophyte biomass as a source of nitrogen for oil-seed rape (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 10 (1990), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Blue-green algae ; N2 fixation ; Oil-seed rape ; Organic matter ; Productivity ; Wetland rice soil ; Nostoc muscorum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Blue-green algal (Nostoc muscorum) or bryophyte (Barbula recurvirostra) growth on the surface of a brown earth silt loam contained in flooded columns significantly increased soil C (+20.9% and ±23.0%, respectively) and soil N (+25.1% and +9.6%, respectively) after 5 weeks in the surface 0.7-cm soil layer. Differences in the lower layers were not significant since there was no movement of C or N metabolites down the profile, even after 21 weeks. The input of C by the inoculated blue-green algae was estimated at 0.48 Mg C 100-1 g soil or 0.45g C ha-1; the bryophyte growth gave 0.5 Mg C ha-1. N fixation by the blue-green algae alone was estimated at 60 kg N ha-1 after 5 weeks of growth. Blue-green algae associated with bryophyte growth had fixed 23 kg N ha-1 after 5 weeks, rising to 40 kg ha-1 after 21 weeks. Decomposition of the bryophyte biomass led to a significant increase in the dry weight (+16.8%) and the N uptake (+27.5%) of spring oil-seed rape planted in homogenised soil. In contrast, soil incorporation of the blue-green algal biomass had no significant effect on yield. The equivalent mineralized N from the blue-green algal and bryophyte incorporation was estimated as 24 and 58 kg N ha-1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336126
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of blue-green algae on the biological amelioration of alkali soils (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 306-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Alkali soil ; Blue-green algae ; Calcium carbonate ; Gypsum ; Nitrogen fixation ; Organic matter ; Soil reclamation ; Sodic soil ; Waterlogged soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Virgin alkali (sodic) soils have a high pH and high exchangeable Na and are often barren. Blue-green algae, however, tolerate excess Na and grow extensively on the soil surface in wet seasons. Experiments using a highly degraded alkali soil (silt loam, pH 10.3, electrical conductivity 3.5 dS m-1, 90% exchangeable Na) were conducted in soil columns, with or without gypsum, in order to study the influence of waterlogging on the growth of indigenous and inoculated blue-green algae and hence, soil reclamation. The growth of indigenous blue-green algae was initially slow in alkali soil, due to the high pH and exchangeable Na, and depressed in gypsum-amended soil, due to excess Ca. Inoculation hastened the establishment of blue-green algae in both the unamended alkali soil and the gypsum-amended soil, overcoming the adverse influence of excess Na in the former and excess Ca in the latter. Gypsum was effective in amelioration (pH 9.05, electrical conductivity 1.2 dS m-1, 41% exchangeable Na after 11 weeks) but blue-green algae were ineffective even after 17 weeks. In combination with gypsum, blue-green algae had no additional effect, and the C and N increases due to the growth of indigenous or inoculated blue-green algae were insignificant. Alkali soil reclamation by biological methods requires mobilization of Ca from native soil calcite and the exchange of Ca for Na in the exchange complex. The ineffectiveness of blue-green algae was ascribed to their inability to mobilize Ca. It is argued that current theories favouring blue-green algae as a biological amendment to bring about alkali soil reclamation are untenable and are not comparable with an effective chemical amendment such as gypsum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335853
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CENP-F is a ca 400 kDa kinetochore protein that exhibits a cell-cycle dependent localization (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 26 (1993), S. 214-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; autoantibodies ; kinetochore ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have identified a novel .ca 400 kDa cell-cycle dependent kinetochore associated protein in human cells, designated CENP-F, using human autoimmune serum. Immunofluorescence staining using the native serum, affinity purified antibodies, or antibodies raised against a cloned portion of CENP-F first reveals CENP-F homogeneously distributed throughout the nucleus of HeLa cells in the G2 stage of the cell cycle. Progression into prophase is accompanied by the localization of CENP-F to all the kinetochore regions of the karyotype. Kinetochore association is maintained throughout metaphase, but at the onset of anaphase CENP-F is no longer detected in association with the kinetochore but is found at the spindle mid-zone. By telophase, it is concentrated into a narrow band on either side of the midbody. Studies of the interaction of CENP-F with the kinetochore indicate that this protein associates with the kinetochore independent of tubulin and dissociation is dependent on events connected with the onset of anaphase. Nuclease digestion studies and immunoelectron-microscopy indicate that CENP-F is localized to the kinetochore plates and specifically to the outer surface of the outer kinetochore plate. The distribution of CENP-F closely parallels that of another high molecular weight kinetochore associated protein, CENP-E. Comparative studies indicate that there are antibodies in the CENP-F reactive autoimmune serum that recognize determinants present in the central helical rod domain of CENP-E. Immune depletion experiments confirm that CENP-F exhibits the distribution pattern in cells that was seen with the native autoimmune serum. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970260305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochalasins induce actin polymerization in human leukocytes (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 21 (1992), S. 58-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; neutrophils ; lymphocytes ; metabolic inhibitors ; F-actin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We studied the effect of cytochalasins (B, D, and E) on the F-actin content in human neutrophils and lymphocytes using NBD-phallacidin labeling followed by flow cytometry. All three cytochalasins induced a concentration- and time-dependent increase in the F-actin content in both cell types. The order of potency was cytochalasin D 〉 E 〉 B. The increase in F-actin content was accompanied by a decrease in the G-actin content as measured by DNase I inhibition assay. These observations suggest that in intact cells cytochalasins may function differently compared to purified and semipurified systems, and their effects may be modified through other actin-binding or sequestering proteins. 2-deoxyglucose (20 mM) caused a decrease in the basal F-actin content and significantly reduced the change induced by the cytochalasins. These results suggest that the state of actin in intact cells is regulated by cytosolic ATP levels, primarily by the integrity of the glycolytic pathway. Based on these observations, we conclude that the mechanism of action of cytochalasins in intact cells is more complex than current models suggest.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970210107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of hydrogen transfer reactions via tunneling at low temperatures (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 47 (1993), S. 437-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper, we present a symmetrical and adiabatic reaction path for hydrogen transfer from methane by methyl by an ab initio method using the 6-31G** basis set with the MP2 corrections for UHF/6-31G** optimized geometries. The theoretical barrier is fitted with the symmetric Eckart function. We, then, take thermal averages of the rate constant (k) considering the discrete nature of the C-H oscillators and the continuous character of the various low-frequency modes of the composite system. Finally, we present a linear relation between log k and temperature. It is shown that this relation gives a good description of the kinetic results of both thermal and photochemical H-transfer reactions in the region of low temperatures. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560470604
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new 3-D finite element model to evaluate added mass for analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 997-1012 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents the results of investigations conducted to evaluate the added mass to represent fluid-structure interaction effects in vibration/dynamic analysis of floating bodies such as ship hulls. While the structural plating is idealized by 9-noded plate/shell finite elements, the fluid domain is modelled by 20-noded/21-noded 3-D finite elements in the investigations conducted. A new 8-noded element has been developed to model the interface between the structure and the fluid. An efficient computational methodology has been used for computation of added mass. The finite element models are validated by comparing the results with those given by analytical solution for a submerged sphere. The efficacy of the finite element model is demonstrated through convergence of the results obtained for a floating barge problem. A better convergence rate and distribution of added mass in three orthogonal directions have been obtained.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620360608
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of boundary layers in plates using Mindlin-Reissner and 3-D elements (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 33 (1992), S. 1305-1320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite elements based on Mindlin-Reissner theory and three-dimensional theory are used to study the distribution of shear forces and twisting moments in plates with various simple support conditions. Differences between the results obtained using these two theories are highlighted. A crude adaptive mesh refinement procedure is applied to improve the accuracy of the finite-element analysis.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620330613
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemoprevention of rat mammary carcinogenesis: Exceptional activity of dietary dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (1993)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 53 (1993), S. 253-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A major determinant of progress in human breast cancer prevention is the identification of agents with significant anticarcinogenic activity and acceptable levels of toxicity in experimental animals. Over the past 20 years, more than 50 experimental regimens have been shown to have significant chemopreventive activity in the rat mammary gland. The most effective approaches to mammary cancer chemoprevention in rats involve surgical endocrine ablations such as bilateral ovariectomy. However, prophylactic surgical ablations are unlikely to be acceptable to the majority of the general public. All chemicals evaluated to date are less effective, and none has been shown to reduce mammary cancer incidence to zero. As a result, efforts continue to identify chemical agents whose protective activity is comparable to that of endocrine ablation. DHEA is an adrenal steroid with chemopreventive activity in several animal models for human cancer. In the present studies, the chemopreventive efficacy of DHEA was evaluated in rats exposed to the mammary gland carcinogen, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Groups of 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN-76A diet supplemented with 0, 400, or 800 mg DHEA per kg diet; one week later, all rats received a single i.p. injection of 35 mg MNU per kg body weight. Animals were palpated weekly to monitor mammary tumor development, and all mammary tumors were histologically confirmed. When administered at 800 mg/kg diet, DHEA reduced mammary cancer incidence in controls from 95% to 15%; carcinoma multiplicity in rats receiving 800 mg DHEA per kg diet was reduced by more than 85% from control levels. In a separate study, the 400 mg/kg diet dose of DHEA reduced the incidence of mammary cancer to 5% from 80% found in controls fed the basal diet. Reductions in mammary cancer incidence and multiplicity associated with DHEA administration were accompanied by large increases in cancer latency. Evaluation of mammary gland wholemounts from animals fed DHEA demonstrated a massive induction of lobuloalveolar differentiation. These results indicate the dietary supplementation with non-toxic dose levels of DHEA has chemopreventive efficacy approaching that of endocrine ablation. This protection may be mediated by the induction of differentiation in the mammary gland, during which sensitive mammary parenchymal structures (terminal end buds) are stimulated to develop into structures (alveolar buds) less sensitive to carcinogenic insult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240531154
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