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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (2)
  • Mice  (2)
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE  (2)
  • Astronomy
  • 1990-1994  (7)
  • 1
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    Effects of cerebral ischemia in mice deficient in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-23
    Description: The proposal that nitric oxide (NO) or its reactant products mediate toxicity in brain remains controversial in part because of the use of nonselective agents that block NO formation in neuronal, glial, and vascular compartments. In mutant mice deficient in neuronal NO synthase (NOS) activity, infarct volumes decreased significantly 24 and 72 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the neurological deficits were less than those in normal mice. This result could not be accounted for by differences in blood flow or vascular anatomy. However, infarct size in the mutant became larger after endothelial NOS inhibition by nitro-L-arginine administration. Hence, neuronal NO production appears to exacerbate acute ischemic injury, whereas vascular NO protects after middle cerebral artery occlusion. The data emphasize the importance of developing selective inhibitors of the neuronal isoform.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Z -- Huang, P L -- Panahian, N -- Dalkara, T -- Fishman, M C -- Moskowitz, M A -- NS10828/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS2636/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1883-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stroke Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7522345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors/deficiency/*metabolism ; Animals ; Arginine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Brain/enzymology/*metabolism ; Brain Ischemia/complications/*metabolism ; Cerebral Infarction/*etiology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Neurons/*enzymology ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitroarginine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Endothelial NOS and the blockade of LTP by NOS inhibitors in mice lacking neuronal NOS (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-22
    Description: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent increase in synaptic strength implicated in certain forms of learning and memory. In the CA1 region of the hippocampus, LTP is thought to involve the release of one or more retrograde messengers from the postsynaptic cell that act on the presynaptic terminal to enhance transmitter release. One candidate retrograde messenger is the membrane-permeant gas nitric oxide (NO), which in the brain is released after activation of the neuronal-specific NO synthase isoform (nNOS). To assess the importance of NO in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, LTP was examined in mice where the gene encoding nNOS was disrupted by gene targeting. In nNOS- mice, LTP induced by weak intensity tetanic stimulation was normal except for a slight reduction in comparison to that in wild-type mice and was blocked by NOS inhibitors, just as it was in wild-type mice. Immunocytochemical studies indicate that in the nNOS- mice as in wild-type mice, the endothelial form of NOS (eNOS) is expressed in CA1 neurons. These findings suggest that eNOS, rather than nNOS, generates NO within the postsynaptic cell during LTP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Dell, T J -- Huang, P L -- Dawson, T M -- Dinerman, J L -- Snyder, S H -- Kandel, E R -- Fishman, M C -- DA-00074/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-45923/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 22;265(5171):542-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7518615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Arginine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Endothelium/enzymology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/enzymology/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitroarginine ; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects/enzymology/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The interactions of atmospheric cosmogenic radionuclides with spacecraft surfaces (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The discovery of the cosmogenic radionuclide Be-7 on the front surface (and the front surface only) of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) spacecraft has opened opportunities to investigate new phenomena in several disciplines of space science. The experiments performed for this work show that the Be-7 results only if the source of the isotope is the atmosphere through which the spacecraft passed. We should expect that the uptake of beryllium in such circumstances will depend on the chemical form of the Be and the chemical nature of the substrate. It was found that the observed concentration of Be-7 does, in fact, differ between metal surfaces and organic surfaces such as PTFE (teflon). It is noted, however, that: (1) organic surfaces, even PTFE, are etched by the atomic oxygen found under these orbital conditions, and (2) the relative velocity of the species is 8 km(exp -1)s relative to the surface and the interaction chemistry and physics may differ from the norm. The Be-7 is formed by spallation of O and N nuclei under cosmic ray proton bombardment. The principal source region is at altitudes of 12-15 km. While very small quantities are produced above 300 km, the amount measured on the LDEF was 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than expected from production at orbital attitude. The most reasonable explanation is that Be-7 is rapidly transported from low altitudes by some unknown mechanism. The process must take place on a time scale similar to the half-life of the isotope (53 days). Many other isotopes are produced by cosmic ray reactions, and some of these are suited to measurement by the extremely sensitive methods of accelerator mass spectrometry. A program was initiated to search for these isotopes and it is hoped that such studies will provide new methods for studying mixing in the upper atmosphere.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Analysis of Surfaces from the LDEF A0114, Phase 4; 15 p
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  • 4
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    Large-scale circulation patterns associated with high concentrations of tropospheric ozone in the tropical South Atlantic Ocean (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Several years of satellite observations indicate the presence of enhanced amounts of tropospheric ozone over the tropical South Atlantic during the austral springs. Wide-spread biomass burning is prevalent over Africa and South America during the same time of the year. Another recent satellite technique has identified the locations of fires over the continents. In this study, we present an analysis of the prevailing meteorological conditions when the highest amounts of tropospheric ozone are present.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 1; p 158-161
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Comment on 'Tropical cyclone-upper-atmospheric interaction as inferred from satellite total ozone observations' (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0894-8763); 30; 1047
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Space station common module network topology and hardware development (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Conceptual space station common module power management and distribution (SSM/PMAD) network layouts and detailed network evaluations were developed. Individual pieces of hardware to be developed for the SSM/PMAD test bed were identified. A technology assessment was developed to identify pieces of equipment requiring development effort. Equipment lists were developed from the previously selected network schematics. Additionally, functional requirements for the network equipment as well as other requirements which affected the suitability of specific items for use on the Space Station Program were identified. Assembly requirements were derived based on the SSM/PMAD developed requirements and on the selected SSM/PMAD network concepts. Basic requirements and simplified design block diagrams are included. DC remote power controllers were successfully integrated into the DC Marshall Space Flight Center breadboard. Two DC remote power controller (RPC) boards experienced mechanical failure of UES 706 stud-mounted diodes during mechanical installation of the boards into the system. These broken diodes caused input to output shorting of the RPC's. The UES 706 diodes were replaced on these RPC's which eliminated the problem. The DC RPC's as existing in the present breadboard configuration do not provide ground fault protection because the RPC was designed to only switch the hot side current. If ground fault protection were to be implemented, it would be necessary to design the system so the RPC switched both the hot and the return sides of power.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-184034 , NAS 1.26:184034 , MCR-90-536
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  • 7
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    A Maskless Gamma-Ray All-Sky Imager: BATSE/CGRO (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The non-collimated detectors of BATSE (Burst And Transient Source Experiment) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) can be used as a high sensitivity hard X-ray and low energy gamma-ray all-sky imager in the energy range between 20 keV and 2 MeV. The fluxes from sources in the sky are modulated as the spacecraft orbits the Earth. The CGRO orbital precession further allows sampling of sky in strips corresponding to the limb of the earth at any given time. The modulation data are transformed into images by various reconstruction methods. High sensitivity images of location accuracy of about 0.1 deg and source seperation of about 1 deg are obtained.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: NASA-CR-204027 , NAS 1.26:204027 , IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (ISSN 0018-9499); 41; 4; 1313-1320
    Format: text
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