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  • Articles  (65)
  • Springer  (65)
  • 1990-1994  (65)
  • Biology  (60)
  • Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism  (5)
  • Computer Science  (5)
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  • Articles  (65)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical character scanning: A discussion of efficiency and politics (1993)
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 27 (1993), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Keywords: optical character recognition ; scanning ; off-shore keyboarding ; efficiency ; ARTFL ; cost analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Abstract Optical Character Recognition is shown to be significantly more expensive than keyboarding, using off-shore contractors, for entry of large amounts of text where high accuracy is required. Using large test samples in French and English, the paper indicates that OCR applications which require significant post-scan editing are labor intensive projects that can be accomplished more efficiently by keyboarding. Most OCR systems are still not capable of entering large amounts of text accurately enough to avoid an expensive editing step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01830305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technical reviews (1992)
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 26 (1992), S. 157-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116352
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1990)
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 24 (1990), S. 495-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186493
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical theory and textual computing: Comments and suggestions (1993)
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 27 (1993), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Conclusion Donald Bruce and I do speak the same theoretical metalanguage, though I suspect that he is considerably more fluent than I in that tongue. Given the variety of responses, including Bruce's favorable reaction, to my attempts to provoke theoretical debate concerning the nature of electronic text as a new object of research, I am considerably more optimistic than his “knowing smile and tears of rage.” It is my contention that researchers in textual computing have significant advantages in reconceptualizing text precisely because computing technology shatters the evident surface structures of text. If electronic text is a radically different object of research, then theoretical models of the kind discussed in this volume should have a significant impact on disciplines which are currently debating the nature and limits of textuality. I would like to suggest that we, as specialists in textual computing, should make every effort to combine abstract theoretical considerations with clear efforts towards empirical verification. Maintaining that difficult balance between theory, method, and empirical verification is, in my opinion, one of the central contributions that theory of textual computing can make to critical theory in general. The computing environment provides an ideal testing ground for literary theories by encouraging experimentation and verification using real data, an element that is all too often overlooked by many critical theorists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01829390
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signs, symbols and discourses: A new direction for computer-aided literature studies (1993)
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 27 (1993), S. 309-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Keywords: computer-aided literature studies ; literature ; literary theory ; structuralism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Abstract Computer-aided literature studies have failed to have a significant impact on the field as a whole. This failure is traced to a concentration on how a text achieves its literary effect by the examination of subtle semantic or grammatical structures in single texts or the works of individual authors. Computer systems have proven to be very poorly suited to such refined analysis of complex language. Adopting such traditional objects of study has tended to discourage researchers from using the tool to ask questions to which it is better adapted, the examination of large amounts of simple linguistic features. Theoreticians such as Barthes, Foucault and Halliday show the importance of determining the linguistic and semantic characteristics of the language used by the author and her/his audience. Current technology, and databases like the TLG or ARTFL, facilitate such wide-spectrum analyses. Computer-aided methods are thus capable of opening up new areas of study, which can potentially transform the way in which literature is studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01829380
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and glucoamylase production by the thermophilic fungusThermomyces lanuginosus in a synthetic medium (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 34 (1991), S. 656-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The production of glucogenic amylase from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus was studied in shake flasks and laboratory fermentors. As conidia were not able to germinate in media without yeast extract, pregerminated conidia were applied as inoculum. By this procedure it was possible to use different NH inf4 sup+ salts as the sole source of nitrogen for growth and amylase formation in a synthetic medium. In pH-controlled fermentors a fourfold increase in the extracellular glucogenic amylase activity was obtained with (NH4)H2PO4 as the nitrogen source as compared with yeast extract. However, by fractionation of these activities, comparable yields of partially purified glucoamylases were obtained. The glucoamylase preparation from fermentations with either of the nitrogen sources had a temperature optimum at 70° C and showed similar thermal stability. By incubation without substrate at 60° C. 90% of the activity was still present after 5 h. At 70° C, 50% of the activity was retained after 30 min incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167918
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in brain serotonergic activity during hierarchic behavior in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) are socially induced (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (1992), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Arctic charr ; Dominance hierarchy ; Aggression ; Serotonin ; Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The experiment was performed in two phases. During the first phase (phase 1) the dominance hierarchy was determined in 4 groups of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.), each group consisting of 4 fish. Phase 2 was started by rearranging phase 1 fish into 4 new groups. Group 1 consisted of previously dominant fish and groups 2, 3 and 4 of fish that previously held rank 2, 3 and 4, respectively. After phase 2 telencephalon and brain stem were analyzed with regard to their contents of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the principle metabolite of 5-HT. No correlation was found between the social rank (measured as dominance index) during phase 1 and the brain serotonergic activity (measured as the ratio 5-HIAA/5-HT) determined after phase 2. However, most important, the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio was significantly correlated with the last experienced social rank, i.e. that acquired during phase 2. These results shows that the difference in brain serotonergic activity between dominant and subordinate fish develops through social interactions. Further, we found that previous subordinate experience inhibited aggressive behavior, an effect which, in the light of available information on stress and 5-HT, could be related to the increase in brain serotonergic activity. We hypothesize that stress induces an increased serotonergic activity which in turn inhibits the neuronal circuitry which mediates aggressive behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of side-chain precursors for penicillin biosynthesis in a high-producing strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 883-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract. Utilization of the side-chain precursors phenoxyacetic acid (POA) and phenylacetic acid (PA) for penicillin biosynthesis by Penicillium chrysogenum was studied in shake flasks. Precursor uptake and penicillin production were followed by HPLC analysis of precursors and products in the medium and in the cells. P. chrysogenum used both POA and PA as precursors, producing phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) and benzylpenicillin (penicillin G), respectively. If both precursors were present simultaneously, the formation of penicillin V was blocked and only penicillin G was produced. When PA was added at different times to cells that were induced initially for POA utilization and were producing penicillin V, the POA utilization and penicillin V formation were blocked, whereas the cells started utilizing PA and produced penicillin G. The blocking of the POA turnover lasted for as long as PA was present in the medium. If POA was added to cultures induced initially for PA utilization and producing penicillin G, this continued irrespective of the presence of POA. Utilization of POA increased concomitant with depletion of PA from the medium. Analysis of cellular pools from a growing cell system with POA as precursor to which PA was added after 48 h showed that the cellular concentration of POA was kept high without production of penicillin V and at a concentration comparable to the concentration in the medium. The cellular concentration of POA was higher than the concentration of PA that was utilized for penicillin G production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050085
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of side-chain precursors for penicillin biosynthesis in a high-producing strain of Penicillium chrysogenum (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 883-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Utilization of the side-chain precursors phenoxyacetic acid (POA) and phenylacetic acid (PA) for penicillin biosynthesis by Penicillium chrysogenum was studied in shake flasks. Precursor uptake and penicillin production were followed by HPLC analysis of precursors and products in the medium and in the cells. P. chrysogenum used both POA and PA as precursors, producing phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) and benzylpenicillin (penicillin G), respectively. If both precursors were present simultaneously, the formation of penicillin V was blocked and only penicillin G was produced. When PA was added at different times to cells that were induced initially for POA utilization and were producing penicillin V, the POA utilization and penicillin V formation were blocked, whereas the cells started utilizing PA and produced penicillin G. The blocking of the POA turnover lasted for as long as PA was present in the medium. If POA was added to cultures induced initially for PA utilization and producing penicillin G, this continued irrespective of the presence of POA. Utilization of POA increased concomitant with depletion of PA from the medium. Analysis of cellular pools from a growing cell system with POA as precursor to which PA was added after 48 h showed that the cellular concentration of POA was kept high without production of penicillin V and at a concentration comparable to the concentration in the medium. The cellular concentration of POA was higher than the concentration of PA that was utilized for penicillin G production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173993
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical identification of tubular segments in percutaneous renal biopsies (1991)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 95 (1991), S. 351-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To identify the renal cortical tubular segments involved in tubulo-interstitial disease in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded percutaneous kidney biopsies, we developed multiple immunolabeling protocols using segment-specific tubular markers. The present study of biopsies from patients with minimal change or thin basement membrane nephropathy provides a baseline for interpretation of histopathology. Proximal tubules were stained either by the PAS reaction or by the biotinylated Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E)-streptavidin-gold-silver system (brush borders black). The anti-Tamm-Horsfall (THP) antibody-immunoperoxidase (aminoethylcarbazole, AEC-IPO), and anti-epidermal cytokeratins (ECK) antibodies-immunoalkaline-Fast Blue BB methods marked the distal straight tubules and the cortical collecting system red-brown and blue, respectively. When these immunolabelings were combined, the coapplication of AEC-PO-labeled peanut agglutinin (PNA) or anti-epithelial membrane antigen antibody-AEC-IPO technique (both are markers for distal nephron) visualized the apical membranes of distal convoluted tubules. In the protocol PHA-E + PNA + THP + ECK, the tubular basement membranes were outlined by the anti-laminin antibody-AEC-IPO staining, carried out simultaneously. The protocol PNA + THP + ECK + PAS was found to be a quite appropriate multiple immunolabeling method for the tubules, and is recommended for use as a tool in the study of tubulo-interstitial diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266962
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