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Seawater carbonate chemistry and genes regulating neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in brains of three-spined stickleback, cinnamon anemonefish and spiny damselfish exposed to elevated CO2 (2023)

Lai, Floriana ; Fagernes, Cathrine E ; Bernier, Nicholas J ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: The continuous increase of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere resulting in ocean acidification has been reported to affect brain function in some fishes. During adulthood, cell proliferation is fundamental for fish brain growth and for it to adapt in response to external stimuli, such as environmental changes. Here we report the first expression study of genes regulating neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in brains of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), cinnamon anemonefish (Amphiprion melanopus) and spiny damselfish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus) exposed to elevated CO2. The mRNA expression levels of the neurogenic differentiation factor (NeuroD) and doublecortin (DCX) were upregulated in three-spined stickleback exposed to high-CO2 compared with controls, while no changes were detected in the other species. The mRNA expression levels of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) remained unaffected in the high-CO2 exposed groups compared to the control in all three species. These results indicate a species-specific regulation of genes involved in neurogenesis in response to elevated ambient CO2 levels. The higher expression of NeuroD and DCX mRNA transcripts in the brain of high-CO2–exposed three-spined stickleback, together with the lack of effects on mRNA levels in cinnamon anemonefish and spiny damselfish, indicate differences in coping mechanisms among fish in response to the predicted-future CO2 level.

Keywords: Acanthochromis polyacanthus; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Amphiprion melanopus; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gasterosteus aculeatus; Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Individual ID; Laboratory experiment; mRNA gene expression, relative; Nekton; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; South Pacific; Species, unique identification; Species, unique identification (Semantic URI); Species, unique identification (URI); Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Tropical; Type of study

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1474 data points

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Seawater carbonate chemistry, thickness and carbonate elemental composition of the test of juvenile sea urchins in a laboratory experiment (2013)

Couturier, Christine S ; Stecyk, Jonathan A W ; Rummer, Jodie L ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Couturier, Christine S; Stecyk, Jonathan A W; Rummer, Jodie L; Munday, Philip L; Nilsson, Göran E (2013): Species-specific effects of near-future CO2 on the respiratory performance of two tropical prey fish and their predator. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 166(3), 482-489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.07.025

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: Ocean surface CO2 levels are increasing in line with rising atmospheric CO2 and could exceed 900 µatm by year 2100, with extremes above 2000 µatm in some coastal habitats. The imminent increase in ocean pCO2 is predicted to have negative consequences for marine fishes, including reduced aerobic performance, but variability among species could be expected. Understanding interspecific responses to ocean acidification is important for predicting the consequences of ocean acidification on communities and ecosystems. In the present study, the effects of exposure to near-future seawater CO2 (860 µatm) on resting (M O2rest) and maximum (M O2max) oxygen consumption rates were determined for three tropical coral reef fish species interlinked through predator-prey relationships: juvenile Pomacentrus moluccensis and Pomacentrus amboinensis, and one of their predators: adult Pseudochromis fuscus. Contrary to predictions, one of the prey species, P. amboinensis, displayed a 28-39% increase in M O2max after both an acute and four-day exposure to near-future CO2 seawater, while maintaining M O2rest. By contrast, the same treatment had no significant effects on M O2rest or M O2max of the other two species. However, acute exposure of P. amboinensis to 1400 and 2400 µatm CO2 resulted in M O2max returning to control values. Overall, the findings suggest that: (1) the metabolic costs of living in a near-future CO2 seawater environment were insignificant for the species examined at rest; (2) the M O2max response of tropical reef species to near-future CO2 seawater can be dependent on the severity of external hypercapnia; and (3) near-future ocean pCO2 may not be detrimental to aerobic scope of all fish species and it may even augment aerobic scope of some species. The present results also highlight that close phylogenetic relatedness and living in the same environment, does not necessarily imply similar physiological responses to near-future CO2.

Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Laboratory experiment; Nekton; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Oxygen; Oxygen, standard error; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; Pelagos; pH; Pomacentrus amboinensis; Pomacentrus moluccensis; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Pseudochromis fuscus; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Respiration rate, oxygen, standard error; Salinity; Single species; South Pacific; Species; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Treatment; Tropical

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 390 data points

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Impaired learning of predators and lower prey survival under elevated CO2: a consequence of neurotransmitter interference (2014)

Chivers, Douglas P ; McCormick, Mark I ; Nilsson, Göran E ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Chivers, Douglas P; McCormick, Mark I; Nilsson, Göran E; Munday, Philip L; Watson, Sue-Ann; Meekan, Mark; Mitchell, Matthew D; Corkill, Katherine C; Ferrari, Maud C O (2014): Impaired learning of predators and lower prey survival under elevated CO2: a consequence of neurotransmitter interference. Global Change Biology, 20(2), 515-522, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12291

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: Ocean acidification is one of the most pressing environmental concerns of our time, and not surprisingly, we have seen a recent explosion of research into the physiological impacts and ecological consequences of changes in ocean chemistry. We are gaining considerable insights from this work, but further advances require greater integration across disciplines. Here, we showed that projected near-future CO2 levels impaired the ability of damselfish to learn the identity of predators. These effects stem from impaired neurotransmitter function; impaired learning under elevated CO2 was reversed when fish were treated with gabazine, an antagonist of the GABA-A receptor - a major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the brain of vertebrates. The effects of CO2 on learning and the link to neurotransmitter interference were manifested as major differences in survival for fish released into the wild. Lower survival under elevated CO2 , as a result of impaired learning, could have a major influence on population recruitment.

Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Behaviour; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); EXP; Experiment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Laboratory experiment; Lizard_Island_OA; Nekton; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; Pelagos; pH; pH, standard error; Pomacentrus amboinensis; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Proportion; Proportion, standard error; Salinity; South Pacific; Species; Species interaction; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Time in days; Treatment; Tropical

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 416 data points

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Will jumping snails prevail? Influence of near-future CO2, temperature and hypoxia on respiratory performance in the tropical conch Gibberulus gibberulus gibbosus (2015)

Lefevre, Sjannie ; Watson, Sue-Ann ; Munday, Philip L ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Lefevre, Sjannie; Watson, Sue-Ann; Munday, Philip L; Nilsson, Göran E (2015): Will jumping snails prevail? Influence of near-future CO2, temperature and hypoxia on respiratory performance in the tropical conch Gibberulus gibberulus gibbosus. Journal of Experimental Biology, 218(19), 2991-3001, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.120717

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: Tropical coral reef organisms are predicted to be especially sensitive to ocean warming because many already live close to their upper thermal limit, and the expected rise in ocean CO2 is proposed to further reduce thermal tolerance. Little, however, is known about the thermal sensitivity of a diverse and abundant group of reef animals, the gastropods. The humpbacked conch (Gibberulus gibberulus gibbosus), inhabiting subtidal zones of the Great Barrier Reef, was chosen as a model because vigorous jumping, causing increased oxygen uptake (MO2), can be induced by exposure to odour from a predatory cone snail (Conus marmoreus). We investigated the effect of present-day ambient (417-454?µatm) and projected-future (955-987?µatm) PCO2 on resting (MO2,rest) and maximum (MO2,max) MO2, as well as MO2 during hypoxia and critical oxygen tension (PO2,crit), in snails kept at present-day ambient (28°C) or projected-future temperature (33°C). MO2,rest and MO2,max were measured both at the acclimation temperature and during an acute 5°C increase. Jumping caused a 4- to 6-fold increase in MO2, and MO2,max increased with temperature so that absolute aerobic scope was maintained even at 38°C, although factorial scope was reduced. The humpbacked conch has a high hypoxia tolerance with a PO2,crit of 2.5?kPa at 28°C and 3.5?kPa at 33°C. There was no effect of elevated CO2 on respiratory performance at any temperature. Long-term temperature records and our field measurements suggest that habitat temperature rarely exceeds 32.6°C during the summer, indicating that these snails have aerobic capacity in excess of current and future needs.

Keywords: Aerobic scope of oxygen; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Behaviour; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption; EXP; Experiment; Factorial aerobic scope; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gibberulus gibberulus gibbosus; Jumping rate; Laboratory experiment; Lizard_Island_Lagoon; Mollusca; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Oxygen, partial pressure, critical; Oxygen consumption per jump; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Registration number of species; Respiration; Respiration rate, oxygen; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; South Pacific; Species; Temperature; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Tropical; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 19754 data points

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and gene expression of a reef fish Acanthochromis polyacanthus (2018)

Schunter, Celia ; Welch, Megan J ; Nilsson, Göran E ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Schunter, Celia; Welch, Megan J; Nilsson, Göran E; Rummer, Jodie L; Munday, Philip L; Ravasi, Timothy (2018): An interplay between plasticity and parental phenotype determines impacts of ocean acidification on a reef fish. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2(2), 334-342, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0428-8

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: The impacts of ocean acidification will depend on the ability of marine organisms to tolerate, acclimate and eventually adapt to changes in ocean chemistry. Here, we use a unique transgenerational experiment to determine the molecular response of a coral reef fish to short-term, developmental and transgenerational exposure to elevated CO2, and to test how these responses are influenced by variations in tolerance to elevated CO2 exhibited by the parents. Within-generation responses in gene expression to end-of-century predicted CO2 levels indicate that a self-amplifying cycle in GABAergic neurotransmission is triggered, explaining previously reported neurological and behavioural impairments. Furthermore, epigenetic regulator genes exhibited a within-generation specific response, but with some divergence due to parental phenotype. Importantly, we find that altered gene expression for the majority of within-generation responses returns to baseline levels following parental exposure to elevated CO2 conditions. Our results show that both parental variation in tolerance and cross-generation exposure to elevated CO2 are crucial factors in determining the response of reef fish to changing ocean chemistry.

Keywords: Acanthochromis polyacanthus; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); EXP; Experiment; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gene expression; Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Gene name; Great_Barrier_Reef_OA; Laboratory experiment; Nekton; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Registration number of species; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; South Pacific; Species; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Tropical; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 20862 data points

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and aerobic performance of coral reef fishes during experiments, 2009 (2009)

Munday, Philip L ; Crawley, Natalie E ; Nilsson, Göran E

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Munday, Philip L; Crawley, Natalie E; Nilsson, Göran E (2009): Interacting effects of elevated temperature and ocean acidification on the aerobic performance of coral reef fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 388, 235-242, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08137

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: Concerns about the impacts of ocean acidification on marine life have mostly focused on how reduced carbonate saturation affects calcifying organisms. Here, we show that levels of CO2-induced acidification that may be attained by 2100 could also have significant effects on marine organisms by reducing their aerobic capacity. The effects of temperature and acidification on oxygen consumption were tested in 2 species of coral reef fishes, Ostorhinchus doederleini and O. cyanosoma, from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The capacity for aerobic activity (aerobic scope) declined at temperatures above the summer average (29°C) and in CO2-acidified water (pH 7.8 and ~1000 ppm CO2) compared to control water (pH 8.15). Aerobic scope declined by 36 and 32% for O. doederleini and O. cyanosoma at temperatures between 29 to 32°C, whereas it declined by 33 and 47% for O. doederleini and O. cyanosoma in acidified water compared to control water. Thus, the declines in aerobic scope in acidified water were similar to those caused by a 3°C increase in water temperature. Minimum aerobic scope values of ~200 mg O2 kg-1 h-1 were attained for both species in acidified water at 32°C, compared with over 600 mg O2 kg-1 h-1 in control water at 29°C. Mortality rate increased sharply at 33°C, indicating that this temperature is close to the lethal thermal limit for both species. Acidification further increased the mortality rate of O. doederleini, but not of O. cyanosoma. These results show that coral reef fishes are sensitive to both higher temperatures and increased levels of dissolved CO2, and that the aerobic performance of some reef fishes could be significantly reduced if climate change continues unabated.

Keywords: Aerobic scope of oxygen; Alkalinity, total; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Laboratory experiment; Mortality; Mortality/Survival; Nekton; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Ostorhinchus cyanosoma; Ostorhinchus doederleini; Oxygen consumption; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH meter (TPS WP80); Respiration; Salinity; Single species; South Pacific; Species; Temperature; Temperature, water; Titration; Tropical; WTW Oxi 340i probe

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 324 data points

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and fish Amphiprion percula behaviour during experiments, 2012 (2012)

Nilsson, Göran E ; Dixson, Danielle L ; Domenici, Paolo ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Nilsson, Göran E; Dixson, Danielle L; Domenici, Paolo; McCormick, Mark I; Sorensen, Christina; Watson, Sue-Ann; Munday, Philip L (2012): Near-future carbon dioxide levels alter fish behaviour by interfering with neurotransmitter function. Nature Climate Change, 2, 201-204, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1352

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: Predicted future CO2 levels have been found to alter sensory responses and behaviour of marine fishes. Changes include increased boldness and activity, loss of behavioural lateralization, altered auditory preferences and impaired olfactory function. Impaired olfactory function makes larval fish attracted to odours they normally avoid, including ones from predators and unfavourable habitats. These behavioural alterations have significant effects on mortality that may have far-reaching implications for population replenishment, community structure and ecosystem function. However, the underlying mechanism linking high CO2 to these diverse responses has been unknown. Here we show that abnormal olfactory preferences and loss of behavioural lateralization exhibited by two species of larval coral reef fish exposed to high CO2 can be rapidly and effectively reversed by treatment with an antagonist of the GABA-A receptor. GABA-A is a major neurotransmitter receptor in the vertebrate brain. Thus, our results indicate that high CO2 interferes with neurotransmitter function, a hitherto unrecognized threat to marine populations and ecosystems. Given the ubiquity and conserved function of GABA-A receptors, we predict that rising CO2 levels could cause sensory and behavioural impairment in a wide range of marine species, especially those that tightly control their acid-base balance through regulatory changes in HCO3 and Cl levels.

Keywords: Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950); Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Amphiprion percula; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Behaviour; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Comment; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Identification; Laboratory experiment; Measured; Nekton; Neopomacentrus azysron, absolute lateralization index; Neopomacentrus azysron, absolute lateralization index, standard error of mean; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Proportion of time in predator cue; Proportion of time in predator cue, standard error; Replicates; Salinity; see reference(s); Single species; South Pacific; Temperate; Temperature, water

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 600 data points

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Altered neurotransmitter function in CO2-exposed stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): a temperate model species for ocean acidification research (2015)

Lai, Floriana ; Jutfelt, Fredrik ; Nilsson, Göran E

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Lai, Floriana; Jutfelt, Fredrik; Nilsson, Göran E (2015): Altered neurotransmitter function in CO2-exposed stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): a temperate model species for ocean acidification research. Conservation Physiology, 3(1), cov018-cov018, https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cov018

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: Studies on the consequences of ocean acidification for the marine ecosystem have revealed behavioural changes in coral reef fishes exposed to sustained near-future CO2 levels. The changes have been linked to altered function of GABAergic neurotransmitter systems, because the behavioural alterations can be reversed rapidly by treatment with the GABAA receptor antagonist gabazine. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved would be greatly aided if these can be examined in a well-characterized model organism with a sequenced genome. It was recently shown that CO2-induced behavioural alterations are not confined to tropical species, but also affect the three-spined stickleback, although an involvement of the GABAA receptor was not examined. Here, we show that loss of lateralization in the stickleback can be restored rapidly and completely by gabazine treatment. This points towards a worrying universality of disturbed GABAA function after high-CO2 exposure in fishes from tropical to temperate marine habitats. Importantly, the stickleback is a model species with a sequenced and annotated genome, which greatly facilitates future studies on underlying molecular mechanisms.

Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Behaviour; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2calc; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chordata; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Duration, number of days; EXP; Experiment; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gasterosteus aculeatus; Growth/Morphology; Gullmars_Fjord; Laboratory experiment; Lateralization; Lateralization, standard error; Length; Length, standard error; Mass; Mass, standard error; Nekton; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Potentiometric titration; Replicates; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2147 data points

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9

Electronic Resource

Social rank and brain levels of monoamines and monoamine metabolites in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.) (1991)

Winberg, Svante ; Nilsson, Göran E. ; Olsén, K. Håakan

Springer

Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1991), S. 241-246

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ISSN: 1432-1351

Keywords: Arctic charr ; Dominance hierarchy ; Aggression ; Catecholamines ; Serotonin

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary Dominance hierarchy was determined in 5 groups of juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), each group consisting of 4 fish. Telencephalon and brain stem (remaining parts of the brain) were analyzed with regard to their content of monoamines and monoamine metabolites. No significant differences were observed in the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), or serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) between fish with different social rank. However, the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the principle metabolite of 5-HT, was significantly higher in subordinate fish, and a significant inverse linear correlation was found between 5-HIAA concentration and social rank (as measured by dominance index) in the brain stem. In the telencephalon the dominant fish had a significantly higher level of homovanillic acid (HVA), a major DA metabolite. These findings indicate a greater serotonergic activity, possibly associated with increased stress, as well as a lower dopaminergic activity, possibly associated with reduced aggression, in subordinate charr. The differences between dominant and subordinate fish could either be caused by social interactions or reflect innate individual differences in monoamine utilization, predisposing individuals for dominant or subordinate positions in the dominance hierarchy.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218416

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Electronic Resource

Changes in brain serotonergic activity during hierarchic behavior in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) are socially induced (1992)

Winberg, Svante ; Nilsson, Göran E. ; Olsén, K. Håkan

Springer

Journal of comparative physiology 170 (1992), S. 93-99

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ISSN: 1432-1351

Keywords: Arctic charr ; Dominance hierarchy ; Aggression ; Serotonin ; Growth

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary The experiment was performed in two phases. During the first phase (phase 1) the dominance hierarchy was determined in 4 groups of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.), each group consisting of 4 fish. Phase 2 was started by rearranging phase 1 fish into 4 new groups. Group 1 consisted of previously dominant fish and groups 2, 3 and 4 of fish that previously held rank 2, 3 and 4, respectively. After phase 2 telencephalon and brain stem were analyzed with regard to their contents of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the principle metabolite of 5-HT. No correlation was found between the social rank (measured as dominance index) during phase 1 and the brain serotonergic activity (measured as the ratio 5-HIAA/5-HT) determined after phase 2. However, most important, the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio was significantly correlated with the last experienced social rank, i.e. that acquired during phase 2. These results shows that the difference in brain serotonergic activity between dominant and subordinate fish develops through social interactions. Further, we found that previous subordinate experience inhibited aggressive behavior, an effect which, in the light of available information on stress and 5-HT, could be related to the increase in brain serotonergic activity. We hypothesize that stress induces an increased serotonergic activity which in turn inhibits the neuronal circuitry which mediates aggressive behavior.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190404

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