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  • Articles  (44)
  • Springer  (31)
  • Wiley  (13)
  • 1990-1994  (44)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (44)
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  • Articles  (44)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro decay of Aextoxicon punctatum and Fagus sylvatica woods by white and brown-rot fungi (1993)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 27 (1993), S. 295-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The in vitro decay of Aextoxicon punctatum and Fagus sylvatica wood by the fungi Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma australe, Phlebia chrysocrea and Lentinus cyathiformis was studied by the agar-block method, and then the decayed woods were analyzed by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. The results demonstrated the strong resistance of the A. punctatum wood to the brown-rot fungus L. cyathiformis; the resistance might be related to the low S/G lignin ratio in this Austral hardwood. Wood decay by the Austral white-rot fungi G. australe and P. chrysocrea was rather limited, and preferential degradation of lignin was not produced although all the fungi studied increased wood digestibility. The most characteristic white and brown-rot decay patterns were observed during the in vitro decay with T. versicolor and L. cyathiformis, respectively. Trametes versicolor caused high weight losses and reduced the lignin content of the wood, whereas L. cyathiformis produced a preferential removal of xylan. No important changes in the solid-state 13C NMR spectra were observed after wood degradation by T. versicolor, but this technique evidenced an increase in aromatic carbon by L. cyathiformis. This increase was higher than that found in the Klason lignin content, suggesting the presence of altered lignin fractions in the brown-rotted wood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195308
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Science and people: Honduran campesinos and natural pest control inventions (1994)
    Springer
    Agriculture and human values 11 (1994), S. 178-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Farmers are experts on their natural environment and are innate experimenters. However they do not know everything. Filling in gaps of missing farmer knowledge can help them improve their experiments. The authors designed and taught a course to Honduran farmers that effectively covered a number of key points on insect ecology and biology that farmers had not understood. After receiving the course many farmers did experiments to solve pest problems without synthetic pesticides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01530459
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the insecticide methidathion on agricultural soil microflora (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 13 (1992), S. 173-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Methidathion ; Soil microflora ; Enumeration of functional bacterial groups ; Acetylene reduction assay ; ARA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of the organophosphorus insecticide methidathion, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μg g-1 in an agricultural soil, on fungi, total bacterial populations, aerobic N2-fixing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria (phases I and II), and nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction assay). The presence of 10–300 μg g-1 of methidathion significantly increased fungal populations (colony-forming units). Denitrifying bacteria, aerobic N2-fixing bacteria and N2 fixation were significantly increased at concentrations of 50–300 μg g-1. The total number of bacteria increased significantly at concentrations of 100–300 μg g-1. Nitrifying bacteria decreased initially at concentrations of 300 μg g-1, but recovered rapidly to levels similar to those in the control soil without the insecticide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336275
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen forms in 1- to 7-year-old opencast lignite mine soils (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Organic N forms ; Soil reclamation ; Lignite mine soils ; Amino acid N ; Unknown hydrolysable N ; Humus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We studied the distribution of different forms of N in very young (0- to 7-year-old) soils from the Meirama lignite mine in northwest Spain. Total N increased rapidly with soil age, largely in the humic acid-associated fraction. Acid hydrolysis indicated that amino acid N and a hydrolysable unknown form of N increased with soil age. The fractionation reported by Bettany et al. (1980) indicated that alkali/pyrophosphate-extractable humus increased with soil age. All these data suggest that there is rapid stabilization of organic N during the first few years of evolution of these mine soils, to the extent that distribution of N forms in the 7-year-old soil is very similar to that in native soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361403
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and mechanism of acetic acid pulping of detannined Pinus pinaster bark (1994)
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 28 (1994), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The observed kinetics of Pinus pinaster bark with acetic acid after alkali treatment, with or without intervening acid prehydrolysis, are satisfactorily explained by a model involving both solubilization and condensation reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225459
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the insecticides methylpyrimifos and chlorpyrifos on soil microflora in an agricultural loam (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 147 (1992), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: chlorpyrifos ; insecticides ; methylpyrimifos ; organophosphorus ; soil microflora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A study of the effects of two selected organophosphorus insecticides methylpyrimifos and chlorpyrifos on soil microflora in an agricultural loam was made. The insecticides had concentrations of 10 to 300 μg g−1. The presence of methylpyrimifos at concentrations of 100 to 300 μg g−1 or chlorpyrifos at concentrations from 10 to 300 μg g−1 significantly decreased aerobic dinitrogen fixing bacteria and dinitrogen fixation. Nitrifying bacteria decreased at concentrations of 200 and 300 μg g−1 of methylpyrimifos. The presence of 10 to 300 μg g−1 of chlorpyrifos decreased the total number of bacteria. However, fungal populations and denitrifying bacteria were not affected as a consequence of the addition of the organophosphorus insecticides to the agricultural soil, showing that these microorganisms can tolerate high amounts of those insecticides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009367
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between a chemical and a biological method to determine the N mineralization potential of temperate-humid region soils (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 162 (1994), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biological method ; chemical method ; mineralization potential ; nitrogen ; soil incubation ; temperate humid-zone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The potentially mineralizable organic N of 33 different soils was estimated by a chemical test (hot extraction with 2N KCl) and the values compared with those previously obtained by a biological method (aerobic incubation in the laboratory). On average, the organic N solubilized by the chemical procedure was significantly lower than that mineralized by a two weeks aerobic incubation for all the soils as a whole. The same was true for soils developed over acid rocks and over sediments. However, the values obtained for the soils developed over limestone and basic rocks were similar by both methods. The values obtained by both methods were not significantly correlated neither when considering all soils together nor when considering different groups according to soil management or parent material. Significant correlations between both methods were only found when the soils were separated into two groups according to their organic N content: soils with less than 400 mg N 100 g−1 soil and soils with more than 400 mg N 100 g−1 soil. The organic N solubilized by the chemical procedure was significantly correlated with the hexosamine-N content; however, it was not correlated with the factors that control the biological mineralization of the organic N, except with the soluble Al content. Therefore, the chemical extraction did not seem to address the biologically active N pool in a selective way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01416100
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of Rhizobium meliloti to soil denitrification (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 157 (1993), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: anaerobic soil ; denitrification ; nitrous oxide ; respiration ; Rhizobium meliloti
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The ability of Rhizobium meliloti cells to denitrify in soils under several conditions was tested. All the strains tested were able to remove large amounts of N-NO3 - from soils. Both water filled pore space above 36% and temperatures above 20°C greatly increased nitrogen losses. However, even with optimal conditions for denitrification and the highest rhizobial populations found in agricultural soils, the contribution of Rhizobium to the total denitrification was virtually negligible as compared to other soil microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011049
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of resistance to Verticillium wilt in Capsicum (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 59 (1991), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Capsicum species ; chile ; pepper ; soil infestation ; Verticillium dahliae ; Verticillium wilt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A total of 125 novel accessions of Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum baccatum L. were screened for sources of resistance to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb). A soil infestation method with 2000 microsclerotia of V. dahliae per gram of planting medium, and a soil temperature of 25±3°C, identified 27 Capsicum accessions with resistance to Verticillium wilt. P.I. 215699 (a mixture of Capsicum baccatum var. microcarpum and Capsicum annuum), P.I. 535616 (Capsicum annuum), and P.I. 555614 (Capsicum annuum), had the lowest disease severity and the highest percentage of resistant plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025360
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen mineralization and its controlling factors in various kinds of temperate humid-zone soils (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 144 (1992), S. 31-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: mineralization capacity ; nitrogen ; principal components analysis ; soil incubation ; temperate humid zone ; soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The N mineralization capacity of 41 temperate humid-zone soils of NW Spain was measured by aerobic incubation for 15 days at 28°C and 75% of field capacity. The main soil factors affecting organic N dynamics were identified by principal components analysis. Ammonification predominated over nitrification in almost all soils. The mean net N mineralization rate was 1.63% of the organic N content, and varied according to soil parent materials as follows: soils on basic and ultrabasic rocks 〈 soils over acid metamorphic rocks 〈 soils developed over sediments 〈 soils over acid igneous rocks 〈 soils on limestone. The N mineralization capacity was lower in natural soils than in cropped soils or pastures. The accumulation of organic matter (C and N) seems to be due to poor mineralization which was caused, in decreasing order of importance, by high exchangeable H-ion levels, high Al and Fe gel contents and, to a lesser extent (though more markedly in cropped soils), by silty clay texture and exchangeable Al ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018842
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