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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Atlantic economic journal 22 (1994), S. 26-42 
    ISSN: 1573-9678
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Many possible explanations have been suggested for the January effect, with tax considerations receiving the most attention. This analysis suggests a new explanation. The data show that money supply announcements during January contribute at least as much as tax considerations to explaining stock returns during the first five trading days in January. The seasonal behavior of money during December and January appears to be responsible for the money-supply-announcement effect. In addition, the end-of-year seasonal pattern of the money supply is present in other countries and was present before the adoption of personal taxes, so money supply announcements may offer a more consistent explanation of the January effect than tax considerations.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Heterometallic cluster ; ruthenium ; tungsten ; carbamoyl ; acetylide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of the carbamoyl cluster Ru3(CO)10(μ-H)(μ-η2-OC(NMe2)] with a two molar excess of CpW(CO)3C≡Cn Pr in refluxing toluene produced a heterometallic cluster complex CpWRu2(CO)7(μ-H)[OC(NMe2) CCHCHEt] (II), whereas the heterometallic clusters CpWRu2(CO)6(μ-H)[OC(NMe2)CCH(μ-η2-C6H3X)] (IVb, X=H;IVc, X=Me;IVd, X=F) were isolated from the reactions with CpW(CO)3C≡CC6H4X under similar conditions. Both complexesII andIV were generated via a complicated sequence involving hydride migration to the acetylide, fragmentation of the cluster via removal of a Ru(CO)n unit, coupling with the carbamoyl ligand and C-H bond activation at the substituent. Crystal data forII: space group R $$\bar 3$$ ;a=26.605(3),c=17.934(2) Å,Z=18; finalR F =0.032,R w =0.034 for 2720 reflections withI〉2σ(I). Crystal data forIVb: space group C 2/c;a=16.120(6),b=14.972(2),c=18.872(4) Å, β=95.46(2)°,Z=8; finalR F =0.0375,R w =0.0375 for 2074 reflections withI〉3σ(I).
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 83 (1994), S. 660-664 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Northern Calcareous Alps ; Conodont colour alteration index ; Metamorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The middle and eastern parts of the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) can be subdivided into two distinct units with a lateral boundary marked by abrupt changes in the conodont colour alteration index (CAI-values). The first of these is a northern unit (Tirolikum) with a relatively homogeneous distribution of no or low grade conodont alteration (CAI 1.0–2.0). The thermal overprint is thought to be relatively young and related to a heat flow from the Tauern crystallization. The second unit consists of the Juvavic nappe system (Juvavikum), which is distributed along the southern rim of the NCA but also covers some of the northern parts of the Tirolikum. With respect to its CAI-distribution the Juvavikum is more heterogeneous on a regional and local scale, with some local CAI-inversions. The Juvavikum additionally shows distinctly different sets of CAI-values one with weak (CAI 1.0–1.5) and another with strong alteration (CAI 5.5–7.0) — at present the highest known thermal overprint measured in the NCA. The metamorphism is relatively old as it predates the Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous gravity tectonic emplacement of the Juvavikum onto the Tirolikum. The high CAI-values of parts of the Juvavic nappe system are though to be related to tectonic burial in an accretionary wedge formed parallel to the closure of the ‘Vardar’ Ocean. The low CAI values of the Tirolikum apparently exclude a direct juxtaposition of the two units at the time of metamorphism.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 83 (1994), S. 660-664 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Northern Calcareous Alps ; Conodont colour alteration index ; Metamorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The middle and eastern parts of the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA) can be subdivided into two distinct units with a lateral boundary marked by abrupt changes in the conodont colour alteration index (CAI-values). The first of these is a northern unit (Tirolikum) with a relatively homogeneous distribution of no or low grade conodont alteration (CAI 1.0–2.0). The thermal overprint is thought to be relatively young and related to a heat flow from the Tauern crystallization. The second unit consists of the Juvavic nappe system (Juvavikum), which is distributed along the southern rim of the NCA but also covers some of the northern parts of the Tirolikum. With respect to its CAI-distribution the Juvavikum is more heterogeneous on a regional and local scale, with some local CAI-inversions. The Juvavikum additionally shows distinctly different sets of CAI-values one with weak (CAI 1.0–1.5) and another with strong alteration (CAI 5.5–7.0) — at present the highest known thermal overprint measured in the NCA. The metamorphism is relatively old as it predates the Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous gravity tectonic emplacement of the Juvavikum onto the Tirolikum. The high CAI-values of parts of the Juvavic nappe system are though to be related to tectonic burial in an accretionary wedge formed parallel to the closure of the ‘Vardar’ Ocean. The low CAI values of the Tirolikum apparently exclude a direct juxtaposition of the two units at the time of metamorphism.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Ethylenediaminecopper(II) perchlorate complexes of the [Cu(ethylenediamine)L2(ClO4)2] type, where L = imidazole, N-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, and pyridine, have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, and electronic, vibrational, and e.p.r. spectroscopic measurements. The molecular structure of [Cu(ethylenediamine)(pyridine)2(ClO4)2] has been determined by three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data. The CuII ion is coordinated by one ethylenediamine and two pyridine ligands forming an equatorial plane, and by two perchlorate anions located on the z axis. The pyridine ligands incline at 54.9 ° to the CuN4 plane suggesting virtually no π -interaction in the complex. Similar structures with a CuN4 coordination plane are proposed for other complexes based on the spectroscopic data. The bonding properties of these complexes are elucidated and discussed with reference to the electronic structures deduced from Gaussian analyses of their LF spectra.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The x-ray crystal structure of tris(N-methylformamide) (N, N, N', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine)copper(II) perchlorate has been determined using three-dimensional x-ray diffraction data. The complex crystallizes in space group P21/c with Z=4. The cell dimensions are=8.255(3),b=17.951(6),c=16.541(4) Å, and β=91.03(2)°. Least-squares refinement of the structure has yielded a final R value of 4.52% for 2108 independent reflect ions. The square pyramidal structure consists ofN, N, N', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine and twoN-methylformamide ligands forming a basal square plane with Cu−N bond lengths of 2.029(5) and 2.033(5) and Cu−O 1.981(4) and 1.985(4) Å, and a thirdN-methylformamide on the apex with a Cu−O distance of 2.181(4)Å. Each of the molecular plances of the three N-methylformamides lies nearly coplanar with thexy, yz andxz molecular coordination planes. The bonding properties of the title compound and its i.r. and uv-vis spectra are discussed with reference to the structure.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Mixed ligand diglycinatocopper(II) complexes of the Cu(glygly)L·nH2O type, where glygly stands for [NH2-CH2 CONCH2CO2]2− and L for imidazole (n = 1.5), N-methylimidazole (n = 1), 2-methylimidazole (n = 2), 4-methylimidazole (n = 2), 4-phenylimidazole (n = 2), N-acetylhistamine (n = 2) and NH3 (n = 2), were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, i.r., vis. and e.p.r. spectroscopic measurements. The molecular structure of [Cu(glygly)(achmH)]·2H2O (achmH = acetylhistamine) was determined using three dimensional XRD data. The structure consists of distorted square planar [Cu(glygly)-(achmH)] units interconnected via the peptide oxygen at the apex to complete a square pyramidal structure, Cu—O-(peptide) 2.477(2) Å. The H2O molecules, not binding directly to the copper ion, involve in intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the copper units. The dianionic glygly ligand and the imidazole ring bind strongly to the central copper ion with Cu—N(amino) 2.045(6) Å, Cu—N-(peptide) 1.891(5) Å, Cu—O(carboxylate) 2.001(4) Å and Cu—N(imidazole) 1.956(5) Å. The dihedral angle between the imidazole nucleus and the CuN3O xy plane is 6.0°. Similar structures with a CuN3O coordination plane are proposed for the imidazole complexes, based on spectroscopic data. The bonding properties of the glygly ligand and the unidentate imidazole ligands are elucidated and discussed with reference to the electronic structures of the complexes deduced from Gaussian analyses.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 27 (1990), S. 223-227 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It has been argued that the song dialects of white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys, may function to restrict gene flow between dialect populations, thus promoting adaptation to local environmental conditions. One proposed mechanism whereby this may occur is if a female mates preferentially with males singing her natal dialect, typically the song type of her father. Previous field and laboratory studies of the role played by song differences in mate choice by female white-crowned sparrows have produced equivocal results. These investigations were conducted in populations in which a single song dialect was predominant. We examined mate choice in a population in which two song dialects are equally common. We found that songs of mates of individual females in successive years were no more likely to be of the same dialect than expected by chance. In addition, individual females did not mate preferentially with males whose songs matched those of their fathers. We conclude that, in this population, females choose mates on the basis of characteristics other than song type.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: tidal manipulation ; effects of emersion ; submersion ; marine macrozoobenthos ; Oosterschelde estuary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of tidal manipulation, resulting in prolonged periods of emersion and submersion or in protracted tidal cycles, on estuarine benthic animals are reviewed. Prolonged submersion periods did not show effects on mortality of most benthic animals tested, with the exception of the crumb-of-bread sponge Halichondrea panicea, which, at low water-flow rates, was covered with a layer of bacteria and subsequently died. Protracted low-water periods of 18 hours during several weeks hardly caused any mortality. However, protracted low-water periods of 30 hours during some weeks or emersion during several days caused a strong increase in mortality, depending on: the duration of emersion, temperature, condition of the animals, species and age. At temperatures below −1 °C and above 24 °C mortality was generally high. Animals with a low glycogen content were more sensitive to emersion than those with a high content. Species with a shell and those that are relatively big were less sensitive than those without a shell or of small size. The reproductive cycle of benthic animals could be delayed or accelerated by both emersion and submersion.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Laminaria hyperborea ; northern limit ; biomass ; age distribution ; production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eight populations of Laminaria hyperborea from wave-exposed localities in Finnmark (70–71°N) were compared with two populations in Vega (65°N). Standing stock in shallow water (3–5 m) was within the same range in the two areas (6–16 kg fr. wt. m−2). Both the highest and lowest value of standing stock were registered in Finnmark. Degree of wave-exposure was determined by the numbers of sectors exposed to open sea at each locality, with each sector given a relative wind force value. The most wave-exposed locality in Vega had a slightly higher annual biomass production as a function of plant age compared with the populations from Finnmark within a similar range of wave exposure. Of the two localities in Vega the most wave-exposed one had a higher annual biomass production per plant than the more sheltered one. The most wave-exposed locality examined was situated in Finnmark and exhibited the lowest annual biomass production per plant. Recruits (one-year-old plants) were found at all the localities except at one locality in Finnmark. The plants reached a higher age in Finnmark (13–18 years) than in Vega (8–9 years).
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