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  • Articles  (4,663)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (2,156)
  • Elsevier  (1,873)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (367)
  • Institute of Physics  (267)
  • 1990-1994  (4,663)
  • Medicine  (4,663)
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  • Articles  (4,663)
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  • 1
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    Interpretation of snow-climate feedback as produced by 17 general circulation models (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: Snow feedback is expected to amplify global warming caused by increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases. The conventional explanation is that a warmer Earth will have less snow cover, resulting in a darker planet that absorbs more solar radiation. An intercomparison of 17 general circulation models, for which perturbations of sea surface temperature were used as a surrogate climate change, suggests that this explanation is overly simplistic. The results instead indicate that additional amplification or moderation may be caused both by cloud interactions and longwave radiation. One measure of this net effect of snow feedback was found to differ markedly among the 17 climate models, ranging from weak negative feedback in some models to strong positive feedback in others.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cess, R D -- Potter, G L -- Zhang, M H -- Blanchet, J P -- Chalita, S -- Colman, R -- Dazlich, D A -- Genio, A D -- Dymnikov, V -- Galin, V -- Jerrett, D -- Keup, E -- Lacis, A A -- LE Treut, H -- Liang, X Z -- Mahfouf, J F -- McAvaney, B J -- Meleshko, V P -- Mitchell, J F -- Morcrette, J J -- Norris, P M -- Randall, D A -- Rikus, L -- Roeckner, E -- Royer, J F -- Schlese, U -- Sheinin, D A -- Slingo, J M -- Sokolov, A S -- Taylor, K E -- Washington, W M -- Wetherald, R T -- Yagai, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):888-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17751825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Isolation of sequences that span the fragile X and identification of a fragile X-related CpG island (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) were obtained from a 550-kilobase region that contains three probes previously mapped as very close to the locus of the fragile X syndrome. These YACs spanned the fragile site in Xq27.3 as shown by fluorescent in situ hybridization. An internal 200-kilobase segment contained four chromosomal breakpoints generated by induction of fragile X expression. A single CpG island was identified in the cloned region between markers DXS463 and DXS465 that appears methylated in mentally retarded fragile X males, but not in nonexpressing male carriers of the mutation nor in normal males. This CpG island may indicate the presence of a gene involved in the clinical phenotype of the syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heitz, D -- Rousseau, F -- Devys, D -- Saccone, S -- Abderrahim, H -- Le Paslier, D -- Cohen, D -- Vincent, A -- Toniolo, D -- Della Valle, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1236-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Faculte de Medecine, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2006411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Fungal ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Probes ; *Dinucleoside Phosphates ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reference Values ; Restriction Mapping ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; *X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    An enhanced sensitivity K-shell X-ray fluorescence technique for tibial lead determination (1993)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9155
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6560
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis insertion sequence belonging to the IS3 family (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A repetitive element (IS986), previously isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and shown to detect multiple restriction fragment-length polymorphisms (RFLPs), has been sequenced. It consists of a potential insertion sequence of 1358bp, with 30-bp inverted repeat ends. IS986 has four potentially significant open reading frames (ORFs): ORFa1, ORFa2 and ORFb on one strand and ORFc on the complementary strand. The sequences of the potential translated products identify IS986 as a member of the IS3 family, with an apparent frameshift between ORFa1 and ORFa2. IS986 has potential as a highly specific probe for detection and typing of M. tuberculosis, as well as for transposon mutagenesis of mycobacteria. The sequence of IS986 is virtually identical to that of another recently described element, IS6110 (Thierry et al., 1990).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb02073.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence of the peh gene of Erwinia carotovora: homology between Erwinia and plant enzymes (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Polygalacturonase (Peh) and other pectolytic enzymes play a crucial role in the maceration of vegetables by soft rot Erwinia spp. We have sequenced the peh gene of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, and identified its product as a precursor of molecular weight 42639, and a mature protein of molecular weight 42200. A putative KdgR-binding site was identified in the region 5’to the peh gene. The Peh protein showed significant homology with Peh from tomato. In addition, we have found homologies between pectin methylesterase and pectate lyase from Erwinia and their counterparts in tomato. These homologies are described, and their significance discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00675.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erwinia stewartii WtsA, a positive regulator of pathogenicity gene expression, is similar to Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola HrpS (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 9 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Erwinia Stewartii contains a large cluster of wts genes that are required by this bacterium for pathogenicity on com plants. Three complementation groups within the right half of this cluster, wtsA, wtsC, and ivtsB, were previously identified. In this study, WtsA was found to be a positive activator of ivfsB::lacZ expression. The WtsA locus was sequenced and a single open reading frame is present within the wtsA locus, which has the capacity to encode a 323 amino acid polypeptide. A corresponding 38kDa protein was observed in Escherichia coli minicells containing the cloned wtsA gene. The predicted WtsA polypeptide has significant similarity to HrpS from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, as well as other members of the NtrC class of prokaryotic regulatory proteins. Similar to other genes activated by NtrC regulators, wtsB::lacZ expression in E. coli was dependent upon rpoN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01709.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efflux-mediated antiseptic resistance gene qacA from Staphylococcus aureus: common ancestry with tetracycline- and sugar-transport proteins (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Resistance to intercalating dyes (ethidium, acriflavine) and other organic cations, such as quaternary ammonium-type antiseptic compounds, mediated by the Staphylococcus aureus ptasmid pSK1 is specified by an energy-dependent export mechanism encoded by the qacA gene. From nucleotide sequence analysis, qacA is predicted to encode a protein of Mr 55017 containing 514 amino acids. The gene is likely to initiate with a CUG codon, and a 36bp palindrome immediately preceding qacA, along with an upstream reading frame with homology to the TetR repressors, may be components of a regulatory circuit. The putative polypeptide specified by qacA has properties typical of a cytoplasmic membrane protein, and is indicated to be a member of a transport protein family that includes proteins reponsible for export-mediated resistance to tetracycline and methylenomycin, and uptake of sugars and quinate. The analysis suggests that N- and C-terminal regions of these proteins are involved in energy coupling (proton translocation) and substrate transport, respectively. The last common ancestor of the qacA and related tet (tetracycline resistance) lineages is inferred to have been repressor controlled, as occurs for modern tet determinants from Gram-negative, but not those from Gram-positive, bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00565.x
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  • 8
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    A Transient Radio Source near the Center of the Milky Way Galaxy (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-20
    Description: In late December 1990, a new radio source appeared near the center of our galaxy rivaling the intensity of Sgr A(*) (the compact radio source at the galactic center). Following its first detection, the flux density of the galactic center transient (GCT) increased rapidly to a maximum 1 month later, and then declined gradually with a time scale of about 3 months. Surprisingly, the GCT maintained a steep radio spectrum during both its rising and decay phases. The neutral hydrogen (HI) absorption shows similar absorption to that in front of Sgr A(*); this indicates that the GCT lies near the galactic center. Furthermore, both HI and OH observations show an additional deep absorption at +20 kilometers per second with respect to the local standard of rest. Thus, the GCT is either embedded in or located behind a molecular cloud moving with that velocity. The cloud can be seen on infrared images. Its opacity is shown to be inadequate to conceal a supernova near the galactic center. It is argued that the GCT was probably transient radio emission from synchrotron-radiating plasma associated with an x-ray binary system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, J H -- Roberts, D A -- Goss, W M -- Frail, D A -- Lo, K Y -- Subrahmanyan, R -- Kesteven, M J -- Ekers, R D -- Allen, D A -- Burton, M G -- Spyromilio, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 20;255(5051):1538-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17820165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 9
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    Galileo infrared imaging spectroscopy measurements at venus (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-27
    Description: During the 1990 Galileo Venus flyby, the Near Infaied Mapping Spectrometer investigated the night-side atmosphere of Venus in the spectral range 0.7 to 5.2 micrometers. Multispectral images at high spatial resolution indicate substanmial cloud opacity variations in the lower cloud levels, centered at 50 kilometers altitude. Zonal and meridional winds were derived for this level and are consistent with motion of the upper branch of a Hadley cell. Northern and southern hemisphere clouds appear to be markedly different. Spectral profiles were used to derive lower atmosphere abundances of water vapor and other species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlson, R W -- Baines, K H -- Encrenaz, T -- Taylor, F W -- Drossart, P -- Kamp, L W -- Pollack, J B -- Lellouch, E -- Collard, A D -- Calcutt, S B -- Grinspoon, D -- Weissman, P R -- Smythe, W D -- Ocampo, A C -- Danielson, G E -- Fanale, F P -- Johnson, T V -- Kieffer, H H -- Matson, D L -- McCord, T B -- Soderblom, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1541-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17784099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Inhibition of HIV replication in acute and chronic infections in vitro by a Tat antagonist (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) trans-activator Tat is an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs because inhibition of Tat would arrest the virus at an early stage. The drug Ro 5-3335 [7-chloro-5-(2-pyrryl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(H)-one], inhibited gene expression by HIV-1 at the level of transcriptional trans-activation by Tat. The compound did not inhibit the basal activity of the promoter. Both Tat and its target sequence TAR were required for the observed inhibitory activity. Ro 5-3335 reduced the amount of cell-associated viral RNA and antigen in acutely, as well as in chronically infected cells in vitro (median inhibition concentration 0.1 to 1 micromolar). Effective inhibition of viral replication was also observed 24 hours after cells were transfected with infectious recombinant HIV-1 DNA. The compound was active against both HIV-1 and HIV-2 and against 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistant clinical isolates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, M C -- Schutt, A D -- Holly, M -- Slice, L W -- Sherman, M I -- Richman, D D -- Potash, M J -- Volsky, D J -- AI 27397/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 27670/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 29164/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1799-802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology ; Benzodiazepinones/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Gene Products, tat/*antagonists & inhibitors ; HIV Long Terminal Repeat/drug effects ; HIV-1/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; HIV-2/drug effects/*physiology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects ; Pyrroles/*pharmacology ; Virus Replication/*drug effects ; Zidovudine/pharmacology ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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